运载器水下发射及弹器水面分离弹道计算
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摘要
本文针对潜射导弹的无动力运载器水下发射方式,建立了导弹二维水弹道的数学仿真方法,能够计算包括运载器水中弹道和弹器水面分离弹道在内的整个水下弹道过程。
文中首先回顾了国内外在弹器水面分离技术及动平台水下发射问题上的研究进展,选择基于较成熟的半经验半理论计算分析方法,推导出导弹与运载器的刚体运动方程组。依据弹器分离运动的特点,建立较全面的水下发射导弹弹器分离问题数学模型,给出了适配器约束内力、内力矩、分离燃气发生器推力及波浪扰动力的计算方法。
在此基础上,编写了无动力运载器水下发射及弹器水面分离的弹道仿真程序。通过仿真结果与水池模型试验结果的对比,验证了仿真程序的正确性。
随后,针对弹道计算模型未能计及尾空泡影响的不足,本文提出基于CFD方法计算流体力。通过Fluent软件二次开发和中间数据文件的应用,建立起了Fluent软件与数学仿真程序并行迭代运算规则,实现了对于弹器分离问题的Fluent软件与仿真程序联合求解。新建立的联合求解方法成功模拟了运载器尾部燃气泡影响下的运载器运动规律。
最后,基于已建立的弹道仿真方法对不同分离高度、分离燃气发生器增面比和适配器配合间隙等变参数条件下的分离过程进行了大量仿真,总结出分离结果随参数的变化规律,可为各项分离参数的确定提供依据。
A two-dimensional hydroballistic numerical simulation method was established for such underwater launched missiles as those carried by non-powered capsule in the present paper. The method could calculate the whole underwater trajectory, including underwater trajectory of capsule and the separation trajectory of capsule and missile near the free surface.
Some research proceedings of capsule separation technique, and of the mobile underwater-platform missile launching problems, were reviewed. Base on the sophisticated semi-theoretical and semi-empirical method, the rigid motion equations of missile and capsule were derived. In underwater launching condition, a comprehensive numerical model of the missile and capsule separation problem was established. The calculation methods were given for the adapter constraint forces and moments, the thrust force acted by gas generator for separation, and forces acted by wave interference.
The trajectory numerical simulation program for non-powered capsule underwater launching and separation trajectory between capsule and missile near the free surface was developed. The trajectory numerical simulation program was verified by the results comparison between numerical simulation and the model test.
Considering the above model deficiencies, the influence of the capsule base bubble was neglected, CFD method was used to simulate the bubble. A new parallel iteration algorithm for two different programs, Fluent and the trajectory numerical simulation program, was created by redevelopment of Fluent software and application of intermediate data files, therefore, the combination solution method was achieved for Fluent software and the code of trajectory numerical simulation. This method could simulate the trajectory of capsule more reasonable under the influence of base bubble.
Finally, base on the above trajectory numerical simulation method, a number of calculations were given under varying parameters, such as height of separation, internal ballistic of gas generator, gap between adapters and capsule, etc. The rule of missile and capsule separation with respect to the variation of parameters was summarized. The results can be used to determinate the separation parameters.
文中首先回顾了国内外在弹器水面分离技术及动平台水下发射问题上的研究进展,选择基于较成熟的半经验半理论计算分析方法,推导出导弹与运载器的刚体运动方程组。依据弹器分离运动的特点,建立较全面的水下发射导弹弹器分离问题数学模型,给出了适配器约束内力、内力矩、分离燃气发生器推力及波浪扰动力的计算方法。
在此基础上,编写了无动力运载器水下发射及弹器水面分离的弹道仿真程序。通过仿真结果与水池模型试验结果的对比,验证了仿真程序的正确性。
随后,针对弹道计算模型未能计及尾空泡影响的不足,本文提出基于CFD方法计算流体力。通过Fluent软件二次开发和中间数据文件的应用,建立起了Fluent软件与数学仿真程序并行迭代运算规则,实现了对于弹器分离问题的Fluent软件与仿真程序联合求解。新建立的联合求解方法成功模拟了运载器尾部燃气泡影响下的运载器运动规律。
最后,基于已建立的弹道仿真方法对不同分离高度、分离燃气发生器增面比和适配器配合间隙等变参数条件下的分离过程进行了大量仿真,总结出分离结果随参数的变化规律,可为各项分离参数的确定提供依据。
A two-dimensional hydroballistic numerical simulation method was established for such underwater launched missiles as those carried by non-powered capsule in the present paper. The method could calculate the whole underwater trajectory, including underwater trajectory of capsule and the separation trajectory of capsule and missile near the free surface.
Some research proceedings of capsule separation technique, and of the mobile underwater-platform missile launching problems, were reviewed. Base on the sophisticated semi-theoretical and semi-empirical method, the rigid motion equations of missile and capsule were derived. In underwater launching condition, a comprehensive numerical model of the missile and capsule separation problem was established. The calculation methods were given for the adapter constraint forces and moments, the thrust force acted by gas generator for separation, and forces acted by wave interference.
The trajectory numerical simulation program for non-powered capsule underwater launching and separation trajectory between capsule and missile near the free surface was developed. The trajectory numerical simulation program was verified by the results comparison between numerical simulation and the model test.
Considering the above model deficiencies, the influence of the capsule base bubble was neglected, CFD method was used to simulate the bubble. A new parallel iteration algorithm for two different programs, Fluent and the trajectory numerical simulation program, was created by redevelopment of Fluent software and application of intermediate data files, therefore, the combination solution method was achieved for Fluent software and the code of trajectory numerical simulation. This method could simulate the trajectory of capsule more reasonable under the influence of base bubble.
Finally, base on the above trajectory numerical simulation method, a number of calculations were given under varying parameters, such as height of separation, internal ballistic of gas generator, gap between adapters and capsule, etc. The rule of missile and capsule separation with respect to the variation of parameters was summarized. The results can be used to determinate the separation parameters.
引文
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[5]毛鸿羽.潜射飞航导弹流体动力的研究与发展[C]//钱学森技术科学思想与力学论文集.2001:323-328.
[6]邢天安.潜射飞航弹出水分离时的弹点火时机[J].舰船科学技术,1995,(6):66-69.
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[8]马震宇.弹器水面分离性能工程计算方法研究[J].水面兵器,2000,9(2&3).
[9]马震宇.导弹水面热分离过程运载器内流分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2007,(3):9-13.
[10]刘曜,马震宇.潜载导弹垂直发射水弹道和分离弹道研究[J].船舶工程,2005,27 (3):6-9.
[11]刘曜.波浪对运载器出水姿态角的影响[J].舰船科学技术,2005,27(3):32-34.
[12]刘曜,范有朋.近水面航行的导弹运载器弹道稳定性[J].弹道学报,2006,18(1):10-13.
[13]张永,刘曜.基于MATLAB的潜空导弹运载器的水弹道研究[J].战术导弹技术,2007,(5):7-10.
[14]刘乐华,张宇文,袁绪龙.自主攻击水雷发射流场分析与数值仿真[J].实验力学,2002,17(4):488-491.
[15]刘乐华,张宇文,袁绪龙.大深度动基座发射雷弹动力学系统数学建模[J].弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(3):316-319.
[16]刘乐华,罗金玲.水下锚系动基座发射系统动力学数学建模[J].舰船科学技术,2005,27(6):54-57.
[17]赵世平,蔡体敏.横向流对潜艇垂直发射导弹的影响[J].船舶力学,2006,10(4):33-37.
[18]裴譞,张宇文,袁绪龙等.潜载导弹垂直发射横向振动特性仿真分析[J].兵工学报,2009,30 (8):1056-1060.
[19]裴譞,张宇文,李代金等.导弹水下动机座垂直发射载荷建模与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2010,27(2):104-107.
[20]裴譞,张宇文,袁绪龙等.导弹水下动机座垂直发射动力学建模与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(3):558-560.
[21]李代金,张宇文,党建军等.潜艇垂射导弹出筒姿态的研究[J].弹箭与制导学报,2009,29(4):171-178.
[22] Using ADAMS/Solver[G].Mechanical Dynamics,Inc.,1999.
[23] TARTABINI P V,BOSE D M,MCMINN J D,et al.Hyper-X stage separation trajectory validation studies,AIAA Paper 2003-5819[R].August 2003.
[24] PAMADI B N,NEIRYNCK T A,COVELL P F,et al.Simulation and analyses of staging maneuvers of next generation reusable launch vehicles,AIAA Paper 2004-5185[R].2004.
[25] PAMADI B N,HOTCHKO N J,JAMSHID SAMAREH,et al.Simulation and analyses of multi-body separation in launch vehicle staging environment[R].AIAA Paper 2006-8033,2006.
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