部分生化指标在赛艇运动集训期的监控与分析
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摘要
研究目的：本文通过对湖北省赛艇队运动员进行了16个月的跟踪监测,并以血红蛋白、血尿素、肌酸激酶、血乳酸为主要监测指标,总结了三个常规生化指标在夏训和冬训期间的变化规律,以集训期的血乳酸测试为重点,分析了湖北省部分赛艇运动员的供能系统特点,探讨了功率、心率、艇速和血乳酸在赛艇运动训练监控中的应用。
研究对象和方法：研究对象为湖北省赛艇队的56名运动员。以四个生化指标的监测为基础,对集训期的运动员机能状况进行了系统监测,并结合集训期间的整体监测方案进行综合分析。
研究结果显示：
1.在冬训、夏训中,湖北赛艇队男子公开级和男子轻量级、女子公开级和女子轻量级的血红蛋白平均值都存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。因此,将血红蛋白用于评价训练负荷时,冬训和夏训期间的评价标准应区别对待。
2.湖北省赛艇四个级别的队伍在夏训和冬训期间,血尿素的平均值和方差都不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),由此可见,血尿素与血红蛋白、肌酸激酶相比更加的稳定,抵抗外界因素干扰的能力更强,血尿素是一个重要的年度评价指标。
3.在对湖北赛艇队肌酸激酶数据检验中发现,赛艇男性运动员的肌酸激酶活性不服从正态分布,而赛艇女性运动员的肌酸激酶活性是否服从正态分布情况不明显。
4.本文以血乳酸监测为基础设计了湖北赛艇队供能系统测试方案,测试内容包括测功仪2km、测功仪三级负荷、测功仪100m、水上三级负荷,分别反映了运动员的专项体能、有氧能力、无氧能力、水上专项有氧水平。综合分析出,湖北赛艇队公开级运动员无氧功率供能偏多,有氧能力发展不足,部分运动员水上掌控能力较差,整体单人艇成绩与国内顶级水平存在一定的差距。
Research purposes:After16-month follow-up monitoring on the four-level athletes in rowing team in Hubei Province, and hemoglobin, blood urea, creatine kinase, blood lactic acid as the main indicators for monitoring,we summarized the variation regularity of the three conventional biochemical indicators in the summer training and the winter training, when blood lactate test in assembling training period as the centre, we analysed the characteristics of energy supply system of the part of the rowers in Hubei Province, and explored the relationship between the power in rowing training, the heart rate and blood lactate values.
Objects and methods:The subjects were56athletes in rowing team of Hubei Province. Four biochemical indicators as basic monitoring method, we systematically monitored the functional status of the athletes in assembling training period, and we conducted a comprehensive analysis combined with the overall monitoring program in assembling training period.
Research results and conclusions:1.During winter training and summer training period,there is a significant difference in the hemoglobin average(P<0.05) of the Open Class and light weight class of the men's, and also of the women's Open Class and women's light weight class in Hubei rowing team. Therefore, when hemoglobin was used to evaluate of training load, the evaluation criteria during the winter and summer training period should be treated differently.2. During the summer training and winter training period of the four level rowing teams in Hubei Province, the mean and variance of the blood urea did not exist a significant difference (P>0.05), so we come to that blood urea are more stable compared with hemoglobin and creatine kinase, and are more resistant to external interfere factors, so blood urea is an important annual evaluation indicator.3. When inspected the creatine kinase data of Hubei rowing team, the creatine kinase activity of rowing male athlete is not a normal distribution, while creatine kinase activity of rowing female athletes is not obviously a normal distribution.4.In this paper, we designed the energy system test program of Hubei rowing team based on blood lactate monitoring, test content includes the ergometer2km, three load of the ergometer, ergometer100m,water three loads, reflecting the athletes' special physical fitness, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, water special aerobic level, respectively.5. By Comprehensive analysis, we found that in Hubei rowing team, the open-class athletes'anaerobic power are on the high side, and the aerobic capacity development are insufficient, some athletes' ability to control the achievement on water are poor, and there is a gap between achievement of the overall single scull with the domestic top level.
研究对象和方法：研究对象为湖北省赛艇队的56名运动员。以四个生化指标的监测为基础,对集训期的运动员机能状况进行了系统监测,并结合集训期间的整体监测方案进行综合分析。
研究结果显示：
1.在冬训、夏训中,湖北赛艇队男子公开级和男子轻量级、女子公开级和女子轻量级的血红蛋白平均值都存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。因此,将血红蛋白用于评价训练负荷时,冬训和夏训期间的评价标准应区别对待。
2.湖北省赛艇四个级别的队伍在夏训和冬训期间,血尿素的平均值和方差都不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),由此可见,血尿素与血红蛋白、肌酸激酶相比更加的稳定,抵抗外界因素干扰的能力更强,血尿素是一个重要的年度评价指标。
3.在对湖北赛艇队肌酸激酶数据检验中发现,赛艇男性运动员的肌酸激酶活性不服从正态分布,而赛艇女性运动员的肌酸激酶活性是否服从正态分布情况不明显。
4.本文以血乳酸监测为基础设计了湖北赛艇队供能系统测试方案,测试内容包括测功仪2km、测功仪三级负荷、测功仪100m、水上三级负荷,分别反映了运动员的专项体能、有氧能力、无氧能力、水上专项有氧水平。综合分析出,湖北赛艇队公开级运动员无氧功率供能偏多,有氧能力发展不足,部分运动员水上掌控能力较差,整体单人艇成绩与国内顶级水平存在一定的差距。
Research purposes:After16-month follow-up monitoring on the four-level athletes in rowing team in Hubei Province, and hemoglobin, blood urea, creatine kinase, blood lactic acid as the main indicators for monitoring,we summarized the variation regularity of the three conventional biochemical indicators in the summer training and the winter training, when blood lactate test in assembling training period as the centre, we analysed the characteristics of energy supply system of the part of the rowers in Hubei Province, and explored the relationship between the power in rowing training, the heart rate and blood lactate values.
Objects and methods:The subjects were56athletes in rowing team of Hubei Province. Four biochemical indicators as basic monitoring method, we systematically monitored the functional status of the athletes in assembling training period, and we conducted a comprehensive analysis combined with the overall monitoring program in assembling training period.
Research results and conclusions:1.During winter training and summer training period,there is a significant difference in the hemoglobin average(P<0.05) of the Open Class and light weight class of the men's, and also of the women's Open Class and women's light weight class in Hubei rowing team. Therefore, when hemoglobin was used to evaluate of training load, the evaluation criteria during the winter and summer training period should be treated differently.2. During the summer training and winter training period of the four level rowing teams in Hubei Province, the mean and variance of the blood urea did not exist a significant difference (P>0.05), so we come to that blood urea are more stable compared with hemoglobin and creatine kinase, and are more resistant to external interfere factors, so blood urea is an important annual evaluation indicator.3. When inspected the creatine kinase data of Hubei rowing team, the creatine kinase activity of rowing male athlete is not a normal distribution, while creatine kinase activity of rowing female athletes is not obviously a normal distribution.4.In this paper, we designed the energy system test program of Hubei rowing team based on blood lactate monitoring, test content includes the ergometer2km, three load of the ergometer, ergometer100m,water three loads, reflecting the athletes' special physical fitness, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, water special aerobic level, respectively.5. By Comprehensive analysis, we found that in Hubei rowing team, the open-class athletes'anaerobic power are on the high side, and the aerobic capacity development are insufficient, some athletes' ability to control the achievement on water are poor, and there is a gap between achievement of the overall single scull with the domestic top level.
引文
[1]Volker Nolte. Rowing Faster[M]. HUMAN KINETICS.2004,10:15-19
[2]MESSONNIER L, FREUND H, BOURDIN M, etal. Lactateexchange and removal abilities in rowing performance[J]. MedSciSports Exe,1997,29(3):396-401
[3]Steinacker. Training of rowers before world championship [J]. Med Sci SportExerc.1998,30(7):1158-1163
[4]PELTONEN J, RUSKO H. Interrelations between power, forceproduction and energy metabolism in maximal leg work using a modified rowingergometer [J]. J Sport Sci,1993,11(3):233-240
[5]周学军.赛艇运动的项目特性及训练指导思想[J].湖北体育科技,2001,20(3)： 35-36
[6]封飞虎,刘新黎.不同水平赛艇运动员2000米模拟划心功能及乳酸变化特点[J].湖北体育科技.1999,18(3)：36-39
[7]Lasne, de Creaurriz J. Recombinant erythropoietin in urine[M]. Nature, 2000:405-635
[8]张蕴琨,丁树哲.运动生物化学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：202-203
[9]冯伟权.运动训练生物化学[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,1998
[10]冯连世、冯美云、冯伟权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003：56-60
[11]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：448-490
[12]谢子豪、王新乐等.篮球运动员比赛前后生化指标的监控[J].武汉体育学院学报.2006(3)：47-49
[13]魏炜、燕晓妮.对我国优秀男子举重运动员高原训练期运动负荷及机能状态的生化评定[J].北京体育大学学报.2007,30(3)：354-355
[14]姜铁汉、陈勇等.优秀田径运动员大运动量训练后血液生化指标的变化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复.2007,11(52)：10509-10512
[15]冯连世、李开刚.运动员机能评定常用生理生化指标测试方法及应用[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2002
[16]Brenner I,etc. Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise[M].Int J Sport Med,1998:130-143
[17]许豪文.运动生物化学概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005：191-240
[18]冯连世,冯美云,冯炜权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民 体育出版社,2003：356-390.
[19]饶平,唐冬生,熊曼丽.对青少年运动员运动性贫血的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院.2001,35(3)：51-52
[20]杜忠林,刘莉芬,熊雄等.血尿素周量监督法的应用研究[J].湖北体育科技,1992(1)：55-61
[21]王悦,白真.赛艇运动员常规生化指标监测研究[J].辽宁体育学院学报,2009,6
[22]冯伟权,谢敏豪,王香生等.运动生物化学研究进展[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,2006：13-22
[23]YangY. Application of serum CK and BUN determination in monitoringpre-competition training of badminton athletes [J]. J Huazhong Univ SciTechnolog Med Sci,2007,27 (1):114-116
[24]Coutts A J, Reaburn P, Piva T J, etal. Monitoring for overreaching inrugby league players[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol,2007,99 (3):313-324
[25]Twist C, Eston R. The effects of exercise- induced muscle damage onmaximal intensity intermittent exercise performance[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol,2005,94 (5-6): 652-658
[26]杨翼.男子赛艇运动员冬训期间血清酶活性及心电图的变化[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001,35(6)：46-49
[27]宋应华.赛艇运动员训练负荷诊断与监测：负荷强度和量的评价[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(4)：332-335
[28]苏浩,曹建民.优秀女子赛艇运动员训练期间的机能指标变化[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(4)：69-71
[29]翁易全.补充复合磷脂对力竭运动后血清酶活性的影响[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(15)：2242-2243
[30]夏阳.补充糖和/或肌酸对赛后血清肌酸激酶活性的影响[J].山东体育科技,2002,24(3)：38-39
[31]张蕴琨,丁树哲.运动生物化学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：47-55
[32]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：509-511
[33]冯连世,冯美云,冯炜权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003：86-88.
[34]刘锡梅等.心率、血乳酸在赛艇科学化训练中的应用探讨[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001,35(3)：45-46
[35]吴昊、刘爱杰等.专项功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度统一的研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,(5)：44-47
[36]吕熠豪、郑巨挺.优秀赛艇运动员赛前生化指标的分析和评价[J].体育科学研究,2010(3)：94-95
[37]郜卫峰、莫少强等.利用最大乳酸稳态测试判定赛艇运动员4mmol/L乳酸阈与个体乳酸阈有效性的研究[J].体育科学,2010(8)：85-91
[38]邓树勋、王健、乔德才.运动生理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009
[39]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：450-520
[40]郑伟涛：十运会赛艇运动技术、体能调研报告
[2]MESSONNIER L, FREUND H, BOURDIN M, etal. Lactateexchange and removal abilities in rowing performance[J]. MedSciSports Exe,1997,29(3):396-401
[3]Steinacker. Training of rowers before world championship [J]. Med Sci SportExerc.1998,30(7):1158-1163
[4]PELTONEN J, RUSKO H. Interrelations between power, forceproduction and energy metabolism in maximal leg work using a modified rowingergometer [J]. J Sport Sci,1993,11(3):233-240
[5]周学军.赛艇运动的项目特性及训练指导思想[J].湖北体育科技,2001,20(3)： 35-36
[6]封飞虎,刘新黎.不同水平赛艇运动员2000米模拟划心功能及乳酸变化特点[J].湖北体育科技.1999,18(3)：36-39
[7]Lasne, de Creaurriz J. Recombinant erythropoietin in urine[M]. Nature, 2000:405-635
[8]张蕴琨,丁树哲.运动生物化学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：202-203
[9]冯伟权.运动训练生物化学[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,1998
[10]冯连世、冯美云、冯伟权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003：56-60
[11]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：448-490
[12]谢子豪、王新乐等.篮球运动员比赛前后生化指标的监控[J].武汉体育学院学报.2006(3)：47-49
[13]魏炜、燕晓妮.对我国优秀男子举重运动员高原训练期运动负荷及机能状态的生化评定[J].北京体育大学学报.2007,30(3)：354-355
[14]姜铁汉、陈勇等.优秀田径运动员大运动量训练后血液生化指标的变化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复.2007,11(52)：10509-10512
[15]冯连世、李开刚.运动员机能评定常用生理生化指标测试方法及应用[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2002
[16]Brenner I,etc. Stress hormones and the immunological responses to heat and exercise[M].Int J Sport Med,1998:130-143
[17]许豪文.运动生物化学概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005：191-240
[18]冯连世,冯美云,冯炜权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民 体育出版社,2003：356-390.
[19]饶平,唐冬生,熊曼丽.对青少年运动员运动性贫血的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院.2001,35(3)：51-52
[20]杜忠林,刘莉芬,熊雄等.血尿素周量监督法的应用研究[J].湖北体育科技,1992(1)：55-61
[21]王悦,白真.赛艇运动员常规生化指标监测研究[J].辽宁体育学院学报,2009,6
[22]冯伟权,谢敏豪,王香生等.运动生物化学研究进展[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,2006：13-22
[23]YangY. Application of serum CK and BUN determination in monitoringpre-competition training of badminton athletes [J]. J Huazhong Univ SciTechnolog Med Sci,2007,27 (1):114-116
[24]Coutts A J, Reaburn P, Piva T J, etal. Monitoring for overreaching inrugby league players[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol,2007,99 (3):313-324
[25]Twist C, Eston R. The effects of exercise- induced muscle damage onmaximal intensity intermittent exercise performance[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol,2005,94 (5-6): 652-658
[26]杨翼.男子赛艇运动员冬训期间血清酶活性及心电图的变化[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001,35(6)：46-49
[27]宋应华.赛艇运动员训练负荷诊断与监测：负荷强度和量的评价[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(4)：332-335
[28]苏浩,曹建民.优秀女子赛艇运动员训练期间的机能指标变化[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(4)：69-71
[29]翁易全.补充复合磷脂对力竭运动后血清酶活性的影响[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(15)：2242-2243
[30]夏阳.补充糖和/或肌酸对赛后血清肌酸激酶活性的影响[J].山东体育科技,2002,24(3)：38-39
[31]张蕴琨,丁树哲.运动生物化学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007：47-55
[32]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：509-511
[33]冯连世,冯美云,冯炜权.优秀运动员身体机能评定方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003：86-88.
[34]刘锡梅等.心率、血乳酸在赛艇科学化训练中的应用探讨[J].武汉体育学院学报,2001,35(3)：45-46
[35]吴昊、刘爱杰等.专项功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度统一的研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,(5)：44-47
[36]吕熠豪、郑巨挺.优秀赛艇运动员赛前生化指标的分析和评价[J].体育科学研究,2010(3)：94-95
[37]郜卫峰、莫少强等.利用最大乳酸稳态测试判定赛艇运动员4mmol/L乳酸阈与个体乳酸阈有效性的研究[J].体育科学,2010(8)：85-91
[38]邓树勋、王健、乔德才.运动生理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009
[39]王清.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监制系统的研究和建立[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2004：450-520
[40]郑伟涛：十运会赛艇运动技术、体能调研报告
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