悬浮隧道流固耦合动力响应分析及试验研究
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摘要
悬浮隧道是一种技术先进、环保和符合可持续发展的跨越长大水道的新型交通构筑物。其在波浪、水流作用下的涡激共振现象、地震响应分析方法及其驳岸的边界条件的影响值得关注和研究。本文结合国家自然基金项目,从悬浮隧道涡激振动和地震响应两方面出发,通过考虑流固耦合作用,对悬浮隧道管体—锚索耦合振动、锚索流固耦合涡激振动、横向地震作用下的动力响应和竖向地震作用下作用于管体上的动水荷载进行了系统的分析研究。主要成果如下：
(1)通过对悬浮隧道管体-锚索系统进行简化,建立管体-锚索结构动力响应的模型,采用Hamilton原理推导出考虑锚索横向振动与管体竖向振动之间相互耦合的微分方程,并进行了方程求解。在此基础上,以某悬浮隧道为例,通过设定悬浮隧道不同的设计参数和工况,分析研究了悬浮隧道在涡激力作用下的锚索和管体的耦合振动响应。
(2)基于结构动力学理论和流体力学,通过考虑锚索振动与流场的相互影响(即流固耦合),以千岛湖悬浮隧道设计方案为工程背景,采用分离式耦合法对锚索在水中的自由振动及在均匀流作用下的涡激振动进行了数值计算,得到了锚索在水中的自由振动频率、流体线性阻尼比和分析了不同约化速度对顺流向振幅、横流向振幅、拖曳力系数和举升力系数的影响。
(3)利用浙江大学结构试验室风浪流综合水槽,进行了悬浮隧道锚索流固耦合振动的节段模型试验,近似模拟千岛湖悬浮隧道锚索流固耦合振动情况,测试得到了圆形锚索的惯性力系数、流体线性阻尼比和不同约化速度下的顺流向振幅、横流向振幅、拖曳力系数和举升力系数,另外还测试分析了锚索倾斜角度和来流角度对其涡激振动的影响。
(4)提出悬浮隧道锚索涡激振动抑振方法,通过参考海洋立管抑振措施,设计了三种悬浮隧道锚索的抑振装置：三螺旋线、三控制杆和整流罩。采用模型试验的方法,研究分析了锚索倾斜角度、来流角度的变化对各种抑振装置的抑振效果的影响,对未来悬浮隧道锚索抑振装置的选择提出了建议。
(5)考虑横向地震作用下悬浮隧道驳岸结构周围岩土性质对边界条件的影响,建立三向土弹簧约束的悬浮隧道数值模型,采用大质量法,结合我国东部海域海床岩土性质,并参照意大利Messina海峡悬浮隧道设计方案的参数,研究分析了驳岸段长度Lsh、粘性土剪切模量G、锚索倾斜角度α、悬浮管体重浮比η和海水水动力系数(CD和Cm)等参数对悬浮隧道地震响应的影响。
(6)针对理想流体层中的悬浮隧道管体及锚索体系,研究了动水荷载—水体受地震激励后与管体相对运动在管体外表面产生的作用力.通过引入相关的假定,借助波动方程理论,推导了理想悬浮隧道管体(竖向不发生弹性变形)在地震P波作用下,受到的动水荷载的理论计算方程。通过参数研究,分析了上部海水厚度h、P波频率值ω、入射角度α、锚索刚度Kc和锚索间距L对动水荷载值的影响。
Submerged floating tunnel(SFT) is a new traffic structure across long waterway with advanced technology, environment protection and according with sustainable development. The research and analysis of vortex-induced vibration under current and wave, seismic response and boundary conditions of the revetment structure for SFT are very important. In this paper, the vortex-induced vibrations(VIV) and seismic response of SFT were studied, which is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The characteristics about the cable and tube coupling system of SFT, the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) VIV of cable, the horizontal seismic response of SFT and the hydrodynamic load on tube under vertical seismic were investigatived, considering the fluid-structure interaction. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) The differential equations of the cable and tube coupled motion are derived by using Hamilton principle, taking the coupling effect between cable lateral vibration and tube vertical vibration into account, based on a simplified tube-cable system. On this basis, the tube-cable coupling vibration response of a SFT under the vortex-induced force was analyzed by setting different design parameters and conditions.
(2) The free vibration in the water and VIV in uniform flow have been calculated by using the separate coupling method (numerical method) and considering the fluid-structure interaction, based on structural dynamics theory and hydrodynamics, in the background of Qiandao Lake SFT design. The free vibration frequency and fluid linear damping ratio of cable in the water was obtained. The in-line and cross flow amplitude, the drag coefficient and lift force coefficient under various reduction rates were analyzed.
(3) The first section model experiment of SFT in China was carried out in the stormy stream structure integrated sink in Zhejiang University Architecture Laboratory, to approximately simulate the FSI VIV of cables of Qiandao Lake SFT. The inertial force coefficient and linear fluid damping ratio of cable in still water, the in-line and cross flow amplitude, the drag coefficient and lift force coefficient under various reduction rates were measured. Moreover, influence of different inclination angles and flow directions on the vortex-induced vibration of cables were tested and analyzed.
(4) The vibration suppression methods were proposed by reference to the marine riser vibration suppression measures, and three vibration suppression devices(three strakes, three control rods and fairings) were designed. The effect of different inclination angles and flow directions to vibration suppression was investigated by using model experiments, and the future vibration suppression device selection of SFT was suggested.
(5) The seismic response characteristics of SFT in the lateral earthquake were researched, considering the impact of the geotechnical properties around the revetment structures to the boundary conditions. The displacement, bending moment and torque of tube and cables tension were calculated combined with the seabed geotechnical nature in the eastern ocean, by using large mass method, based on the Messina Strait SFT option. The effect of the revetment length Ish, cohesive shear modulus G, cable inclination angle a, tube weight ratio η and seawater hydrodynamic coefficients (CD and Cm) and other parameters were analyzed.
(6) The concept of hydrodynamic load-the force on the surface of tube generated from water affected by the earthquake excitation, was put forward for the tube and cables of SFT in ideal fluid layer. The equations and boundary conditions to calculate hydrodynamic load on SFT tube in ideal fluid layer under the earthquake P-wave were derived with the wave theory, considering the influence of the upper and nether water and the stiffness and spacing of cables. By the parameter study, the affection of the upper seawater thickness h, the P wave frequency value co and incident angle α, the cable stiffness Kc and the spacing L to the value of hydrodynamic load have been analyzed.
(1)通过对悬浮隧道管体-锚索系统进行简化,建立管体-锚索结构动力响应的模型,采用Hamilton原理推导出考虑锚索横向振动与管体竖向振动之间相互耦合的微分方程,并进行了方程求解。在此基础上,以某悬浮隧道为例,通过设定悬浮隧道不同的设计参数和工况,分析研究了悬浮隧道在涡激力作用下的锚索和管体的耦合振动响应。
(2)基于结构动力学理论和流体力学,通过考虑锚索振动与流场的相互影响(即流固耦合),以千岛湖悬浮隧道设计方案为工程背景,采用分离式耦合法对锚索在水中的自由振动及在均匀流作用下的涡激振动进行了数值计算,得到了锚索在水中的自由振动频率、流体线性阻尼比和分析了不同约化速度对顺流向振幅、横流向振幅、拖曳力系数和举升力系数的影响。
(3)利用浙江大学结构试验室风浪流综合水槽,进行了悬浮隧道锚索流固耦合振动的节段模型试验,近似模拟千岛湖悬浮隧道锚索流固耦合振动情况,测试得到了圆形锚索的惯性力系数、流体线性阻尼比和不同约化速度下的顺流向振幅、横流向振幅、拖曳力系数和举升力系数,另外还测试分析了锚索倾斜角度和来流角度对其涡激振动的影响。
(4)提出悬浮隧道锚索涡激振动抑振方法,通过参考海洋立管抑振措施,设计了三种悬浮隧道锚索的抑振装置：三螺旋线、三控制杆和整流罩。采用模型试验的方法,研究分析了锚索倾斜角度、来流角度的变化对各种抑振装置的抑振效果的影响,对未来悬浮隧道锚索抑振装置的选择提出了建议。
(5)考虑横向地震作用下悬浮隧道驳岸结构周围岩土性质对边界条件的影响,建立三向土弹簧约束的悬浮隧道数值模型,采用大质量法,结合我国东部海域海床岩土性质,并参照意大利Messina海峡悬浮隧道设计方案的参数,研究分析了驳岸段长度Lsh、粘性土剪切模量G、锚索倾斜角度α、悬浮管体重浮比η和海水水动力系数(CD和Cm)等参数对悬浮隧道地震响应的影响。
(6)针对理想流体层中的悬浮隧道管体及锚索体系,研究了动水荷载—水体受地震激励后与管体相对运动在管体外表面产生的作用力.通过引入相关的假定,借助波动方程理论,推导了理想悬浮隧道管体(竖向不发生弹性变形)在地震P波作用下,受到的动水荷载的理论计算方程。通过参数研究,分析了上部海水厚度h、P波频率值ω、入射角度α、锚索刚度Kc和锚索间距L对动水荷载值的影响。
Submerged floating tunnel(SFT) is a new traffic structure across long waterway with advanced technology, environment protection and according with sustainable development. The research and analysis of vortex-induced vibration under current and wave, seismic response and boundary conditions of the revetment structure for SFT are very important. In this paper, the vortex-induced vibrations(VIV) and seismic response of SFT were studied, which is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The characteristics about the cable and tube coupling system of SFT, the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) VIV of cable, the horizontal seismic response of SFT and the hydrodynamic load on tube under vertical seismic were investigatived, considering the fluid-structure interaction. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) The differential equations of the cable and tube coupled motion are derived by using Hamilton principle, taking the coupling effect between cable lateral vibration and tube vertical vibration into account, based on a simplified tube-cable system. On this basis, the tube-cable coupling vibration response of a SFT under the vortex-induced force was analyzed by setting different design parameters and conditions.
(2) The free vibration in the water and VIV in uniform flow have been calculated by using the separate coupling method (numerical method) and considering the fluid-structure interaction, based on structural dynamics theory and hydrodynamics, in the background of Qiandao Lake SFT design. The free vibration frequency and fluid linear damping ratio of cable in the water was obtained. The in-line and cross flow amplitude, the drag coefficient and lift force coefficient under various reduction rates were analyzed.
(3) The first section model experiment of SFT in China was carried out in the stormy stream structure integrated sink in Zhejiang University Architecture Laboratory, to approximately simulate the FSI VIV of cables of Qiandao Lake SFT. The inertial force coefficient and linear fluid damping ratio of cable in still water, the in-line and cross flow amplitude, the drag coefficient and lift force coefficient under various reduction rates were measured. Moreover, influence of different inclination angles and flow directions on the vortex-induced vibration of cables were tested and analyzed.
(4) The vibration suppression methods were proposed by reference to the marine riser vibration suppression measures, and three vibration suppression devices(three strakes, three control rods and fairings) were designed. The effect of different inclination angles and flow directions to vibration suppression was investigated by using model experiments, and the future vibration suppression device selection of SFT was suggested.
(5) The seismic response characteristics of SFT in the lateral earthquake were researched, considering the impact of the geotechnical properties around the revetment structures to the boundary conditions. The displacement, bending moment and torque of tube and cables tension were calculated combined with the seabed geotechnical nature in the eastern ocean, by using large mass method, based on the Messina Strait SFT option. The effect of the revetment length Ish, cohesive shear modulus G, cable inclination angle a, tube weight ratio η and seawater hydrodynamic coefficients (CD and Cm) and other parameters were analyzed.
(6) The concept of hydrodynamic load-the force on the surface of tube generated from water affected by the earthquake excitation, was put forward for the tube and cables of SFT in ideal fluid layer. The equations and boundary conditions to calculate hydrodynamic load on SFT tube in ideal fluid layer under the earthquake P-wave were derived with the wave theory, considering the influence of the upper and nether water and the stiffness and spacing of cables. By the parameter study, the affection of the upper seawater thickness h, the P wave frequency value co and incident angle α, the cable stiffness Kc and the spacing L to the value of hydrodynamic load have been analyzed.
引文
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