MR T-2.5镀锡基板和铝锆合金内耗研究
摘要
金属材料的性能取决于其成分和内部结构,而材料中的间隙原子和微量元素的存在状态对材料的性能会产生影响。为了达到控制材料性能的目的,研究材料中的间隙原子和微量元素对材料性能的影响是金属材料基础性研究的重要内容。目前,检测金属材料中间隙原子和微量元素的存在状态手段比较有限,利用内耗技术测定金属材料内耗曲线是一种行之有效的方法。
本文利用低频倒扭摆内耗仪测定了四个轧制工艺后MR T-2.5镀锡板和不同热处理制度下三个成分的Al-Zr合金的内耗曲线,并结合金相显微镜和能谱仪分别研究了MR T-2.5镀锡板中C原子在四个轧制工艺下的存在状态和Al-Zr合金在不同热处理制度下Zr的存在状态。
在MR T-2.5镀锡板的四个轧制工艺下,热轧后C原子全部固溶于铁素体晶格间隙;冷轧后C原子主要集中在位错周围形成Cottrel气团钉扎位错;退火过程位错周围C原子发生脱溶沉淀,形成Fe3C析出;平整加剧C原子的脱溶沉淀。
不同处理条件下,在三种成分的Al-Zr合金内耗曲线上,共观测到六种不同类型的内耗峰:较低温度下,由固溶引起的晶界内耗峰,由特殊晶粒排列方式引起的晶界内耗峰以及由第二相粒子沉淀引起的晶界内耗峰;Al-0.05wt%-Zr在次高温度下,由相变引起的相变内耗峰;Al-0.03wt%-Zr和Al-0.05wt%-Zr在中间温度下,由Zr原子扩散引起的扩散内耗峰;Al-0.03wt%-Zr和Al-0.10wt%-Zr在高温下,伴随着竹节晶的出现,观测到由竹节结构引起的竹节晶界峰。
对比Zr含量对P1峰的影响,发现Zr含量为0.06wt%是Al-Zr合金固溶—沉淀晶界内耗的分界点,Zr含量小于0.06wt%时,晶界内耗以固溶内耗为主;Zr含量大于0.06wt%时,晶界内耗以沉淀内耗为主。此外,在研究高温背景内耗的变化时发现,随退火温度的提高以及Zr的加入,高温背景内耗在较小范围逐渐减小。
The property of metallic materials depends on their composition and internal structure, and the existing state of interstitial and trace elements have an impact on the property of materials.In order to control the property of material, It is important to study the effect of the interstitial atoml and trace elements on the property of materials. Currently, there are few methods that used to test the state of interstitial and trace element in materials, but it is effective method to measure internal friction curves of metallic materials.
Experiments, including low frequency internal friction inverted torsion pendulum measurement, metallographic examination and energy dispersive spectrometer detection, were carried out to study the state of free carbon atoms existing in MR T-2.5 tinplate when rolled and the state of Zirconium atoms existing in Al-Zr alloys after annealed or quenched.
Carbon atoms were dissolved in the interval of ferrite lattice in the continuous hot rolling state. The increase of dislocation density in the process of cold rolling attracted the carbon atoms to form Cottrell atmosphere at lattice dislocation. The carbon atoms were dissolved to form Fe3C in the process of annealing. The precipitation of carbon was intensified when leveled.
After different heat treatment conditions, six different types internal friction peak were observed in Al-0.03wt%-Zr, Al-0.05wt%-Zr and Al-0.10wt%-Zr alloys: a grain boundary internal friction peak which was caused by solid solution of Zirconium at lower temperature, a grain boundary internal friction peak was caused by special arrangement of grain and a grain boundary internal friction due to precipitate of second phase; a diffusion internal friction peak was observed, caused by the diffusion of Zirconium at high temperature side of P1 peak; between the temperature where P1 peak and P2 peak located another internal friction peak caused by phase transformation was observed; at higher temperature a bamboo grain boundary internal friction peak was observed.
By comparing the effect of Zirconium content on P1 peak, an important law was found. For the grain boundary internal friction, the content of 0.06wt% is the turning point. The grain boundary internal friction is mainly due to solid solution grain boundary internal when Zr content is less than 0.06wt%, and the grain boundary internal friction may come from the precipitate grain boundary internal friction based when Zr content is more than 0.06wt%. Besides, the effect of Zr on high temperature background was studied. The result is that with annealing temperature increasing Zr addition will give rise to a decrease of background.
本文利用低频倒扭摆内耗仪测定了四个轧制工艺后MR T-2.5镀锡板和不同热处理制度下三个成分的Al-Zr合金的内耗曲线,并结合金相显微镜和能谱仪分别研究了MR T-2.5镀锡板中C原子在四个轧制工艺下的存在状态和Al-Zr合金在不同热处理制度下Zr的存在状态。
在MR T-2.5镀锡板的四个轧制工艺下,热轧后C原子全部固溶于铁素体晶格间隙;冷轧后C原子主要集中在位错周围形成Cottrel气团钉扎位错;退火过程位错周围C原子发生脱溶沉淀,形成Fe3C析出;平整加剧C原子的脱溶沉淀。
不同处理条件下,在三种成分的Al-Zr合金内耗曲线上,共观测到六种不同类型的内耗峰:较低温度下,由固溶引起的晶界内耗峰,由特殊晶粒排列方式引起的晶界内耗峰以及由第二相粒子沉淀引起的晶界内耗峰;Al-0.05wt%-Zr在次高温度下,由相变引起的相变内耗峰;Al-0.03wt%-Zr和Al-0.05wt%-Zr在中间温度下,由Zr原子扩散引起的扩散内耗峰;Al-0.03wt%-Zr和Al-0.10wt%-Zr在高温下,伴随着竹节晶的出现,观测到由竹节结构引起的竹节晶界峰。
对比Zr含量对P1峰的影响,发现Zr含量为0.06wt%是Al-Zr合金固溶—沉淀晶界内耗的分界点,Zr含量小于0.06wt%时,晶界内耗以固溶内耗为主;Zr含量大于0.06wt%时,晶界内耗以沉淀内耗为主。此外,在研究高温背景内耗的变化时发现,随退火温度的提高以及Zr的加入,高温背景内耗在较小范围逐渐减小。
The property of metallic materials depends on their composition and internal structure, and the existing state of interstitial and trace elements have an impact on the property of materials.In order to control the property of material, It is important to study the effect of the interstitial atoml and trace elements on the property of materials. Currently, there are few methods that used to test the state of interstitial and trace element in materials, but it is effective method to measure internal friction curves of metallic materials.
Experiments, including low frequency internal friction inverted torsion pendulum measurement, metallographic examination and energy dispersive spectrometer detection, were carried out to study the state of free carbon atoms existing in MR T-2.5 tinplate when rolled and the state of Zirconium atoms existing in Al-Zr alloys after annealed or quenched.
Carbon atoms were dissolved in the interval of ferrite lattice in the continuous hot rolling state. The increase of dislocation density in the process of cold rolling attracted the carbon atoms to form Cottrell atmosphere at lattice dislocation. The carbon atoms were dissolved to form Fe3C in the process of annealing. The precipitation of carbon was intensified when leveled.
After different heat treatment conditions, six different types internal friction peak were observed in Al-0.03wt%-Zr, Al-0.05wt%-Zr and Al-0.10wt%-Zr alloys: a grain boundary internal friction peak which was caused by solid solution of Zirconium at lower temperature, a grain boundary internal friction peak was caused by special arrangement of grain and a grain boundary internal friction due to precipitate of second phase; a diffusion internal friction peak was observed, caused by the diffusion of Zirconium at high temperature side of P1 peak; between the temperature where P1 peak and P2 peak located another internal friction peak caused by phase transformation was observed; at higher temperature a bamboo grain boundary internal friction peak was observed.
By comparing the effect of Zirconium content on P1 peak, an important law was found. For the grain boundary internal friction, the content of 0.06wt% is the turning point. The grain boundary internal friction is mainly due to solid solution grain boundary internal when Zr content is less than 0.06wt%, and the grain boundary internal friction may come from the precipitate grain boundary internal friction based when Zr content is more than 0.06wt%. Besides, the effect of Zr on high temperature background was studied. The result is that with annealing temperature increasing Zr addition will give rise to a decrease of background.
引文
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[3]班必俊,孙震.连退镀锡板的抗时效生产技术.上海金属,2007.29(5):196-198.
[4] Takahashi M,Okamoto A,Ino S.Effect of Nitrogen Content on Deep Draw ability of Rimmed Low Carbon Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet.Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn,1979.19(3):144-151.
[5]胡宗余.镀锡原板连续退火技术.上海金属,1994.16(1):40-44.
[6]金蕾,王利,张丕军.罩式炉退火工艺及平整对低碳铝镇静钢板抗时效性能的影响.宝钢技术,2003.(5):48-52
[7]邓玉平.铝合金激光焊接工艺与接头性能研究.武汉:华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.10-24
[8] N.RYUM. PreciPitation and recrystallization in an Al-0.5wt%Zr-alloy. Acta Metallurgica,1969.17(3):269-278
[9] S.RYSTAD,N.RYUM.A metallographical investigation of the precipita tion and recrystallization process in an Al-Zr-alloy.Alumin um,1977.53(3): 193-195
[10] E.NES.Precipitation of the metastable cubic Al3Zr-phase in subperi tectic Al-Zr alloys.Acta Metallurgica,1972.20(4):499-506
[11] E.NES. Hot deformation behavior of Particle-stabilized structure in Zr bearing Al alloys.Metal Science,1979.13(3):211-215
[12]谢优华,杨守杰,戴圣龙,等.含锆超高强铝合金的研究及发展概况.材料导报, 2002.16(5):8-10
[13]谢优华,杨守杰,戴圣龙,等.锆元素在铝合金中的应用.航空材料学报,2002. 22(4):56-60
[14] J Murray The AI-Zr(Aluminum-Zirconium)System. Journal of Phase Equilibria,1992.13(3):279-291
[15] Mondolfo L F.铝合金的组织与性能.张振录译.第一版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1988.25-32
[16]谢优华.锆对新型超高强铝合金组织及性能的影响.北京:北京航空材料研究院硕士学位论文,2001.4-7
[17]В·И·Елагин.关于锆在铝合金中的作用.吴仁产译.轻合金加工技术,1980.6 (4):29-35
[18]葛庭燧.固体内耗理论基础:晶界弛豫与晶界结构.第一版.北京:科学出版社,2000.1
[19]胡宁,李宁,齐敦杰,等.Fe-12Cr-2Al-3Mo合金减振性能的研究.热加工工艺, 2010.10(8):27-30
[20]葛庭燧.固体内耗与超声衰减.物理,1987.16(9):547-551
[21]葛庭燧.我国内耗与固体缺陷研究的拼搏、奋起和腾飞.大自然探索,1990. 9(33):1-6
[22]葛庭燧.内耗与固体缺陷研究.现代物理知识,1990.(4):89-90
[23]冯端,王业宁,沈惠敏.金属力学性质.第一版.北京:科学出版社,1999.1-3
[24]王华馥,吴自勤.固体物理实验方法.第一版.北京:高等教育出版社,1990. 150-170
[25] Snoek J L.magnetic after effect and chemical constitution.Physica, 1939.6(2):161-170
[26] Snoek J L.Effect of small quantities of carbon and nitrogen on the elastic and plastic properties of iron.Physic,1941.7(8):711-732.
[27] Dijkstra L J. Elastic Relaxation and Some Other Properties of the Solid Solutions of Carbon and Nitrogen in Iron.Philips Res, 1947. 2:357
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