褐飞虱para钠离子、NlSC1离子通道基因及三个保幼激素合成代谢中关键基因的研究
摘要
稻飞虱是亚洲地区主要的水稻害虫,通过吸食水稻汁液和传播水稻病毒造成水稻大面积死亡和减产,给世界粮食安全造成巨大的威胁。近几十年来,化学杀虫剂在控制稻飞虱中起着重要的作用,但是在世界各地区相继报道了稻飞虱对各种农药产生了抗性,为了理解道稻飞虱对农药产生抗性的分子机制,也为了针对现有靶标筛选新的化合物,或寻找新的农药靶标,我们对除虫菊酯类农药的靶标一钠离子通道基因、一种新的离子通道——DSC1同源基因和保幼激素合成与代谢途径中三种关键基因进行了研究。
DSC1是一种在结构上与电压门控钠离子通道基因相似,但功能上又不同的阳离子通道基因。用DSC1作为搜索序列对GenBank中所有基因组进行分析,结果表明其同源基因在节肢动物、软体动物、刺胞动物、半索动物和棘皮动物中均有存在,但主要在节肢动物(昆虫纲和甲壳动物)中,但没有在脊椎动物中发现。我们根据褐飞虱和家蚕的基因组序列,分别克隆了DSC1同源基因,被分别命名为NISC1和BmSC1,它们分别编码2122和2225个氨基酸,与DSC1蛋白的同源性达到50%左右,主要在褐飞虱和家蚕的头部和触角表达。多序列比对和蛋白质疏水性分析表明该类蛋白质除了具有与电压门控钠离子和钙离子通道蛋白同样的模块结构以外,在四个结构域的成空区有独特的DEEA模体,在第三与第四结构域之间的环状区还有一独特保守的MFL模体。系统进化分析也进一步证明这类基因没有和钠离子通道或钙离子通道聚集在一个分支上,而是形成了一个独立的分支。鉴于该类离子通道没有在脊椎动物中发现,那么针对该类型离子通道的化合物或农药将对脊椎动物没有危害,所以我们认为该类离子通道可能是一个理想的农药靶标。昆虫的钠离子通道基因是DTT,除虫菊酯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的靶标基因。用果蝇Para钠离子蛋白序列在褐飞虱基因组中进行搜索,发现一个同源基因,用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆出来褐飞虱para钠离子通道基因,对其ORF扩增,获得10种类型,其中最长的ORF长6215bp,编码2084个氨基酸。序列比对发现6个RNA可变剪切位点和10个RNA编辑位点。褐飞虱Para蛋白中包含35个PKA磷酸化位点、47个PKC磷酸化位点和8个N-糖基化位点。实时定量PCR结果显示褐飞虱para钠离子基因主要在触角和头部表达。现在已经有5种克隆正在进行电生理试验,其结果将对于理解这些RNA可变剪切和RNA编辑的功能提供帮助。
保幼激素在昆虫的生长、发育、变态和繁殖等过程中起着关键作用,为了理解稻飞虱保幼激素合成与代谢途径,方便针对保幼激素合成与代谢途径中的酶筛选和合成抑制剂用于农药领域,根据褐飞虱转录组序列,我们RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了保幼激素环氧水解酶、保幼激素酸甲基转移酶和法呢基焦磷酸合成酶等三个关键基因,它们的cDNA全长分别为2114bp,1144bp和2214bp,编码454、279和393个氨基酸。在昆虫细胞中对这三个基因进行真核表达,试验表明它们分别表达52、32和45kDa的蛋白,这与预期分子大小一致。实时定量PCR结果表明：保幼激素环氧水解酶在褐飞虱蜕皮和羽化前一天达到顶峰,当蜕皮或羽化后则达到了最低；保幼激素酸甲基转移酶在第四龄期间没有发生大的变化,但在羽化前一天出现一个尖锐的高峰,羽化后的表达量则又发生较快增加；法呢基焦磷酸合成酶在第四龄期中期表达稍高,在羽化前一天则达到一个最高峰,羽化后有保持在一定的水平。用SWISS-MODEL对保幼激素环氧水解酶、保幼激素酸甲基转移酶和法呢基焦磷酸合成酶三种蛋白进行了同源建模,得到了可靠性较高的结果,这为筛选其特异的抑制剂提供了结构基础。
Rice planthopper, a primary pest in Asia, brought severe reduction of rice production, and endangers the food security by sucks fluid from rice or spreading rice viruses. In recent decades, insecticides have been playing an important role in rice planthopper control, but there are some successive reports about the insecticides resistance from rice planthopper. In order to understand the mechanisms of insecticides resistance, and to screen new chemicals for old targets or to explore new targets, voltage-gated sodium channel, DSC1ortholog-a new cation ion channel, and three key genes on the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of juvenile hormone(JH) in brown planthopper were studied.
DSC1is a voltage-gated cation channel with close structural and evolutionary relationship to voltage-gated sodium channel, but has different function. It was used as query sequence for searching its orthologs from all genomes published in GenBank, the result showed that its orthologs distributed in a few phylum, including Arthropoda, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Hemichordata and Echinodermata, and most of them are from Arthropoda, but none in vertebrates. Two orthologs from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and the silkworm (Bombyx mori) were cloned and sequenced, named NISC1and BmSCl, respectively, their cDNA have lots of conserved exons and several unique optional exons. NlSC1and BmSC1have about50%identity with DSC1, and their transcripts were most abundant in the heads and antennae in adults. Hydropathy profile analysis indicated that all DSC1orthologs contain an unique and conserved DEEA motif which is critical for ion selectivity in the pore regions except a few poorly annotated sequences, instead of the EEEE or EEDD motif in classical calcium channels or the DEKA motif in sodium channels. They also have an unique and conserved MFL motif in the loop linking domains III and IV. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that DSC1and its orthologs form a separate group from the classical voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. These results fully confirm that DSC1and its orthologs do constitute a distinct family of cation channels. The absence in vertebrates implies that the DSC1/BSC1-family channels might be good targets for the development of new insect-specific cation channel blockers for pest control.
Insect sodium channels are targets for DTT, pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Para protein from Drosophila melanogaster was used for searching its ortholog in the brown planthopper genome, a ortholog was found, and was cloned through RT-PCR and RACE. The longest para full-length cDNA is6215bp encoding2084amino acid. Sequence alignments indicated that6RNA alternative splicing sites and10RNA editing sites were found in its ORF,35potential phosphorylation sites for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and47phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C(PKC) were predicted, and eight potential N-linked glycosylation sites predict from its proteins sequence. The results from qPCR showed that para from brown planthopper is abundant in its antenna and head. Now, five types of para ORF are testing for studying its electrophysiology, the result will be helpful for understand the function of the RNA alternative splicing sites and RNA editing sites.
JHs play important roles in the growth, development, metamorphosis and reproduction of insects, in order to understand the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of juvenile hormone in brown planthopper, and screen inhibitors for these enzymes as insecticides, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS)were cloned by RT-PCR and RACE based the transcriptome, their full-length cDNA are2114bp,1144bp and2114bp encoding454,279and393amino acid, respectively. The three genes were expressed in insect cells, the results from SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting revealed that they expressed the right size protein with approximate52,32and45kDa. The analysis from qPCR indicated:the relative expression of JHEH reaches its peak one day before molting or eclosion, and reaches its lowest level; that of JHAMT has no significant change, but reach its highest one day before eclosion, after eclosion, it is increasing gradually; that of FPPS is reach moderate level, and reach its highest one day before eclosion, and maintain moderate level. Homologies modeling of the three proteins were performed by using SWISS-MODEL, the results provide structural base for screen their specific inhibitors.
DSC1是一种在结构上与电压门控钠离子通道基因相似,但功能上又不同的阳离子通道基因。用DSC1作为搜索序列对GenBank中所有基因组进行分析,结果表明其同源基因在节肢动物、软体动物、刺胞动物、半索动物和棘皮动物中均有存在,但主要在节肢动物(昆虫纲和甲壳动物)中,但没有在脊椎动物中发现。我们根据褐飞虱和家蚕的基因组序列,分别克隆了DSC1同源基因,被分别命名为NISC1和BmSC1,它们分别编码2122和2225个氨基酸,与DSC1蛋白的同源性达到50%左右,主要在褐飞虱和家蚕的头部和触角表达。多序列比对和蛋白质疏水性分析表明该类蛋白质除了具有与电压门控钠离子和钙离子通道蛋白同样的模块结构以外,在四个结构域的成空区有独特的DEEA模体,在第三与第四结构域之间的环状区还有一独特保守的MFL模体。系统进化分析也进一步证明这类基因没有和钠离子通道或钙离子通道聚集在一个分支上,而是形成了一个独立的分支。鉴于该类离子通道没有在脊椎动物中发现,那么针对该类型离子通道的化合物或农药将对脊椎动物没有危害,所以我们认为该类离子通道可能是一个理想的农药靶标。昆虫的钠离子通道基因是DTT,除虫菊酯和拟除虫菊酯类农药的靶标基因。用果蝇Para钠离子蛋白序列在褐飞虱基因组中进行搜索,发现一个同源基因,用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆出来褐飞虱para钠离子通道基因,对其ORF扩增,获得10种类型,其中最长的ORF长6215bp,编码2084个氨基酸。序列比对发现6个RNA可变剪切位点和10个RNA编辑位点。褐飞虱Para蛋白中包含35个PKA磷酸化位点、47个PKC磷酸化位点和8个N-糖基化位点。实时定量PCR结果显示褐飞虱para钠离子基因主要在触角和头部表达。现在已经有5种克隆正在进行电生理试验,其结果将对于理解这些RNA可变剪切和RNA编辑的功能提供帮助。
保幼激素在昆虫的生长、发育、变态和繁殖等过程中起着关键作用,为了理解稻飞虱保幼激素合成与代谢途径,方便针对保幼激素合成与代谢途径中的酶筛选和合成抑制剂用于农药领域,根据褐飞虱转录组序列,我们RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了保幼激素环氧水解酶、保幼激素酸甲基转移酶和法呢基焦磷酸合成酶等三个关键基因,它们的cDNA全长分别为2114bp,1144bp和2214bp,编码454、279和393个氨基酸。在昆虫细胞中对这三个基因进行真核表达,试验表明它们分别表达52、32和45kDa的蛋白,这与预期分子大小一致。实时定量PCR结果表明：保幼激素环氧水解酶在褐飞虱蜕皮和羽化前一天达到顶峰,当蜕皮或羽化后则达到了最低；保幼激素酸甲基转移酶在第四龄期间没有发生大的变化,但在羽化前一天出现一个尖锐的高峰,羽化后的表达量则又发生较快增加；法呢基焦磷酸合成酶在第四龄期中期表达稍高,在羽化前一天则达到一个最高峰,羽化后有保持在一定的水平。用SWISS-MODEL对保幼激素环氧水解酶、保幼激素酸甲基转移酶和法呢基焦磷酸合成酶三种蛋白进行了同源建模,得到了可靠性较高的结果,这为筛选其特异的抑制剂提供了结构基础。
Rice planthopper, a primary pest in Asia, brought severe reduction of rice production, and endangers the food security by sucks fluid from rice or spreading rice viruses. In recent decades, insecticides have been playing an important role in rice planthopper control, but there are some successive reports about the insecticides resistance from rice planthopper. In order to understand the mechanisms of insecticides resistance, and to screen new chemicals for old targets or to explore new targets, voltage-gated sodium channel, DSC1ortholog-a new cation ion channel, and three key genes on the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of juvenile hormone(JH) in brown planthopper were studied.
DSC1is a voltage-gated cation channel with close structural and evolutionary relationship to voltage-gated sodium channel, but has different function. It was used as query sequence for searching its orthologs from all genomes published in GenBank, the result showed that its orthologs distributed in a few phylum, including Arthropoda, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Hemichordata and Echinodermata, and most of them are from Arthropoda, but none in vertebrates. Two orthologs from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and the silkworm (Bombyx mori) were cloned and sequenced, named NISC1and BmSCl, respectively, their cDNA have lots of conserved exons and several unique optional exons. NlSC1and BmSC1have about50%identity with DSC1, and their transcripts were most abundant in the heads and antennae in adults. Hydropathy profile analysis indicated that all DSC1orthologs contain an unique and conserved DEEA motif which is critical for ion selectivity in the pore regions except a few poorly annotated sequences, instead of the EEEE or EEDD motif in classical calcium channels or the DEKA motif in sodium channels. They also have an unique and conserved MFL motif in the loop linking domains III and IV. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that DSC1and its orthologs form a separate group from the classical voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. These results fully confirm that DSC1and its orthologs do constitute a distinct family of cation channels. The absence in vertebrates implies that the DSC1/BSC1-family channels might be good targets for the development of new insect-specific cation channel blockers for pest control.
Insect sodium channels are targets for DTT, pyrethrins and pyrethroids. Para protein from Drosophila melanogaster was used for searching its ortholog in the brown planthopper genome, a ortholog was found, and was cloned through RT-PCR and RACE. The longest para full-length cDNA is6215bp encoding2084amino acid. Sequence alignments indicated that6RNA alternative splicing sites and10RNA editing sites were found in its ORF,35potential phosphorylation sites for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and47phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C(PKC) were predicted, and eight potential N-linked glycosylation sites predict from its proteins sequence. The results from qPCR showed that para from brown planthopper is abundant in its antenna and head. Now, five types of para ORF are testing for studying its electrophysiology, the result will be helpful for understand the function of the RNA alternative splicing sites and RNA editing sites.
JHs play important roles in the growth, development, metamorphosis and reproduction of insects, in order to understand the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of juvenile hormone in brown planthopper, and screen inhibitors for these enzymes as insecticides, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS)were cloned by RT-PCR and RACE based the transcriptome, their full-length cDNA are2114bp,1144bp and2114bp encoding454,279and393amino acid, respectively. The three genes were expressed in insect cells, the results from SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting revealed that they expressed the right size protein with approximate52,32and45kDa. The analysis from qPCR indicated:the relative expression of JHEH reaches its peak one day before molting or eclosion, and reaches its lowest level; that of JHAMT has no significant change, but reach its highest one day before eclosion, after eclosion, it is increasing gradually; that of FPPS is reach moderate level, and reach its highest one day before eclosion, and maintain moderate level. Homologies modeling of the three proteins were performed by using SWISS-MODEL, the results provide structural base for screen their specific inhibitors.
引文
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