草原类型自然保护区自然资本评估
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摘要
在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出了自然资本评估基于自然属性和基于社会属性的两个范式。生态系统服务价值评估属于基于自然属性的自然资本评估。通过整合生态学、经济学、社会学以及其他学科的研究成果,构建了由资本效益评估和资本经营评估两个模块构成的自然资本评估范式。资本效益评估模块包括收益能力评估、资本品质评估、衍生能力评估和市场预期评估。资本经营评估模块包括资本投资评估、资本流转评估和资本运营评估。基于社会属性的自然资本评估范式能够满足不同主体对自然保护区价值、经济效益、生态补偿、资本流转和投资可行性分析等需求。
基于社会属性的自然资本评估框架为本研究独创。首次进行了基于自然资本社会属性的评估范式研究,并将这种评估范式应用到自然保护区自然资本评估。
提出了“自然资本衍生品”的概念,并就自然资本的衍生能力进行了研究。自然资本的衍生能力基于衍生源。衍生源包括:植被景观、野生动植物、环境资源、历史、文化、科技和国际交流等。游客、当地居民和历史人物等相关者演绎、传承、缔造了绚丽多彩的衍生品。衍生品包括:对自然的美感、探险的愿望、回归自然的心态、对野生动植物的珍惜、对自然景观的好奇、对某种精神的崇尚、对往昔的追忆、图腾、信仰、保护自然的支付意愿等等。自然资本衍生能力价值通过对自然资本衍生品的经营来实现。
在自然资本评估中首次将利益相关者理论作为基本理论。在自然资本评估的方法方面,应用的方法包括:经济学、生态学、生物学、社会学等方法。经济学方法中包括经济学的分析方法和经济学的计算方法。针对草原类型自然保护区进行自然资本评估,将载畜量价值法作为自然资本评估的方法。
应用基于自然资本社会属性的自然资本评估理论和自然资本评估框架体系,对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区进行自然资本评估案例研究。研究结果:1、收益能力评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本价值为￥6.6亿元/年,自然资本5年期租赁价格为￥38.7亿元。2、资本品质评估:通过时间异质性分析,认为内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本品质状态稳定,与20世纪80年代相比,根据产草量、指示物种重要值、载畜量、羊单位需草地面积等指标比较,草场没有显著退化。3、衍生能力评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本衍生源丰富,衍生品经营较发达,衍生能力较强,衍生能力主要是通过旅游业经营来实现;衍生源中景观对旅游业贡献最大,占34.7%,历史和文化资源贡献占18.4%,说明保护区旅游开发水平较低,历史和文化资源旅游还有较大挖掘潜力。4、市场预期评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区旅游前景广阔,旅游收入年均增幅为30.15%;碳汇价值可观,若能够进行碳汇交易,可为保护区创收￥165元/公顷·年,共￥1.0亿元;农牧业受调控影响较大,近年不会有显著变化。5、资本投资评估:通过对京津风沙源治理工程在保护区实施的研究,总结出维持内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区资本品质现状水平每年需要生态工程投资￥19.5元/公顷,共￥1200万元。6、资本流转评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区功能区和范围调整使得保护区自然资本减持45.86万公顷,给保护区的生态补偿为￥399.49万元;在案例研究基础上提出了制定自然保护区征占补偿标准和建立自然保护区发展基金的建议。7、资本运营评估:对资本投资建设自然保护区进行了可行性分析;在考察内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区后,提出了资本运营可在保护区旅游业、草业、科技推广、绿色食品加工业、沙产业和现代畜牧业等项目领域内实施。
The thesis proposes two models of evaluation for natural capital on natural property and social property based on the former research.The evaluation on the value of ecosystem services belongs to the evaluation on natural capital in view of natural property.The purpose of this thesis is to set up an evaluation framework on natural capital composed of two models of evaluation on capital benefit and capital management by integrating the research findings of ecology,economics,sociology and other subjects.The benefit evaluation module on nature capital includes assessments on profit capacity, capital character,capital derivatives and market prospect.The management evaluation module on nature capital focuses on capital investment,capital circulation and capital running.The natural capital evaluation model,based on social property,can fulfill the demands of different stockholders on nature reserve value,economic benefit,ecological compensation calculation,capital circulation and feasibility on investment.
The evaluation framework of natural capital,based on social property,is an original creation of this thesis.It's the first time to study the evaluation model of natural capital and apply it in the evaluation on natural capital in nature reserve.
The thesis has put forward the concept of“derivatives of natural capital”and studied the derived capacity of natural capital,which is based on derived sources.The derived sources are composed of vegetation landscape,wild plant and life,environmental resources,history,culture,science and technology,international exchanges,and so on.Tourists,local residents and historic figures deduce, hand down and found gorgeous derivatives,including aesthetic feeling towards nature,desire to explore, mood of returning to nature,treasuring of wild plant and life,curiosity to natural landscape,advocating to some spirit,recalling the past,totem,belief,will of payment in nature protection,and so on.The value of derived capacity of natural capital is realized by running the derivatives of natural capital.
It's the first time to take Stakeholder theory as a basic theory in evaluation on natural capital.The ways been used include economics,ecology,biology,sociology,and so on.The economics methods are composed of analysis and calculation.The way on value of stocking capacity of grasslands is taken as the way of evaluation on natural capital for the first time for grassland nature reserve.
Case studies on natural capital in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve have been taken by applying the evaluation theory and framework on nature capital.The research findings:1. Evaluation on profit capacity:The value of Inner Mongolia XILINGUOLE National Nature Reserve(IMXNNR) is 660,611,581.2 yuan RMB per year,the price of 5 years tenancy is 3,866,698,737.45 yuan RMB.2.Evaluation of capital character:Through the analysis of time heterogeneity,the capital character of IMXNNR is stable,and compared with the targets in grass yield, the important value of species,stocking capacity of grasslands,carrying capacity per unit area for sheep, and so forth in 1980s,there's no obvious degeneration on grassland.3.Evaluation of capital derivatives: In I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve,derived capacity is achieved mainly through running tourism because of its rich derived source of natural capital,developed derivatives operating and strong derived capacity.In derived source,landscape is the biggest contribution,accounted for 34.7%;the contribution of history and culture resources accounts for 18.4%.This shows that the developed level is lower in the reserve,and the history and culture resources tourism has the potential used at large scale in practice.4.Evaluation of market prospect:There are bright prospects for tourism with the growth rate of 30.15%per year in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve.It will be expected that 99,451,288.5 yuan RMB per year may be harvested by carbon sequestrating. Changes will not be obvious on farming and animal husbandry in recent years affected heavily by regulation and control.5.Evaluation of capital investment:After studying the implementation of Treatment Project of Sandstorm Sources of Beijing and Tianjin in the reserve,summarize that it needs investment on ecological engineering 1.3 yuan RMB per Mu every year to maintain the status quo of capital quality in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve.6.Evaluation of capital circulation:The adjusting of function areas and range of I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve makes natural capital in the reserve reduce by 0.4586 million hactares and the ecological compensation calculation is 3.9949 yuan RMB.Requisition compensation standard and specialized foundation for nature reserve are proposed based on case studies.7.Evaluation of capital running:The necessity and feasibility to invest and construct nature reserve has been defined.Capital running can be achieved in the fields of tourism,prataculturae,science and technology extension,green food processing industry,sand industry and modern animal husbandry after study.
基于社会属性的自然资本评估框架为本研究独创。首次进行了基于自然资本社会属性的评估范式研究,并将这种评估范式应用到自然保护区自然资本评估。
提出了“自然资本衍生品”的概念,并就自然资本的衍生能力进行了研究。自然资本的衍生能力基于衍生源。衍生源包括:植被景观、野生动植物、环境资源、历史、文化、科技和国际交流等。游客、当地居民和历史人物等相关者演绎、传承、缔造了绚丽多彩的衍生品。衍生品包括:对自然的美感、探险的愿望、回归自然的心态、对野生动植物的珍惜、对自然景观的好奇、对某种精神的崇尚、对往昔的追忆、图腾、信仰、保护自然的支付意愿等等。自然资本衍生能力价值通过对自然资本衍生品的经营来实现。
在自然资本评估中首次将利益相关者理论作为基本理论。在自然资本评估的方法方面,应用的方法包括:经济学、生态学、生物学、社会学等方法。经济学方法中包括经济学的分析方法和经济学的计算方法。针对草原类型自然保护区进行自然资本评估,将载畜量价值法作为自然资本评估的方法。
应用基于自然资本社会属性的自然资本评估理论和自然资本评估框架体系,对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区进行自然资本评估案例研究。研究结果:1、收益能力评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本价值为￥6.6亿元/年,自然资本5年期租赁价格为￥38.7亿元。2、资本品质评估:通过时间异质性分析,认为内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本品质状态稳定,与20世纪80年代相比,根据产草量、指示物种重要值、载畜量、羊单位需草地面积等指标比较,草场没有显著退化。3、衍生能力评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区自然资本衍生源丰富,衍生品经营较发达,衍生能力较强,衍生能力主要是通过旅游业经营来实现;衍生源中景观对旅游业贡献最大,占34.7%,历史和文化资源贡献占18.4%,说明保护区旅游开发水平较低,历史和文化资源旅游还有较大挖掘潜力。4、市场预期评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区旅游前景广阔,旅游收入年均增幅为30.15%;碳汇价值可观,若能够进行碳汇交易,可为保护区创收￥165元/公顷·年,共￥1.0亿元;农牧业受调控影响较大,近年不会有显著变化。5、资本投资评估:通过对京津风沙源治理工程在保护区实施的研究,总结出维持内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区资本品质现状水平每年需要生态工程投资￥19.5元/公顷,共￥1200万元。6、资本流转评估:内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区功能区和范围调整使得保护区自然资本减持45.86万公顷,给保护区的生态补偿为￥399.49万元;在案例研究基础上提出了制定自然保护区征占补偿标准和建立自然保护区发展基金的建议。7、资本运营评估:对资本投资建设自然保护区进行了可行性分析;在考察内蒙古锡林郭勒草原国家级自然保护区后,提出了资本运营可在保护区旅游业、草业、科技推广、绿色食品加工业、沙产业和现代畜牧业等项目领域内实施。
The thesis proposes two models of evaluation for natural capital on natural property and social property based on the former research.The evaluation on the value of ecosystem services belongs to the evaluation on natural capital in view of natural property.The purpose of this thesis is to set up an evaluation framework on natural capital composed of two models of evaluation on capital benefit and capital management by integrating the research findings of ecology,economics,sociology and other subjects.The benefit evaluation module on nature capital includes assessments on profit capacity, capital character,capital derivatives and market prospect.The management evaluation module on nature capital focuses on capital investment,capital circulation and capital running.The natural capital evaluation model,based on social property,can fulfill the demands of different stockholders on nature reserve value,economic benefit,ecological compensation calculation,capital circulation and feasibility on investment.
The evaluation framework of natural capital,based on social property,is an original creation of this thesis.It's the first time to study the evaluation model of natural capital and apply it in the evaluation on natural capital in nature reserve.
The thesis has put forward the concept of“derivatives of natural capital”and studied the derived capacity of natural capital,which is based on derived sources.The derived sources are composed of vegetation landscape,wild plant and life,environmental resources,history,culture,science and technology,international exchanges,and so on.Tourists,local residents and historic figures deduce, hand down and found gorgeous derivatives,including aesthetic feeling towards nature,desire to explore, mood of returning to nature,treasuring of wild plant and life,curiosity to natural landscape,advocating to some spirit,recalling the past,totem,belief,will of payment in nature protection,and so on.The value of derived capacity of natural capital is realized by running the derivatives of natural capital.
It's the first time to take Stakeholder theory as a basic theory in evaluation on natural capital.The ways been used include economics,ecology,biology,sociology,and so on.The economics methods are composed of analysis and calculation.The way on value of stocking capacity of grasslands is taken as the way of evaluation on natural capital for the first time for grassland nature reserve.
Case studies on natural capital in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve have been taken by applying the evaluation theory and framework on nature capital.The research findings:1. Evaluation on profit capacity:The value of Inner Mongolia XILINGUOLE National Nature Reserve(IMXNNR) is 660,611,581.2 yuan RMB per year,the price of 5 years tenancy is 3,866,698,737.45 yuan RMB.2.Evaluation of capital character:Through the analysis of time heterogeneity,the capital character of IMXNNR is stable,and compared with the targets in grass yield, the important value of species,stocking capacity of grasslands,carrying capacity per unit area for sheep, and so forth in 1980s,there's no obvious degeneration on grassland.3.Evaluation of capital derivatives: In I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve,derived capacity is achieved mainly through running tourism because of its rich derived source of natural capital,developed derivatives operating and strong derived capacity.In derived source,landscape is the biggest contribution,accounted for 34.7%;the contribution of history and culture resources accounts for 18.4%.This shows that the developed level is lower in the reserve,and the history and culture resources tourism has the potential used at large scale in practice.4.Evaluation of market prospect:There are bright prospects for tourism with the growth rate of 30.15%per year in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve.It will be expected that 99,451,288.5 yuan RMB per year may be harvested by carbon sequestrating. Changes will not be obvious on farming and animal husbandry in recent years affected heavily by regulation and control.5.Evaluation of capital investment:After studying the implementation of Treatment Project of Sandstorm Sources of Beijing and Tianjin in the reserve,summarize that it needs investment on ecological engineering 1.3 yuan RMB per Mu every year to maintain the status quo of capital quality in I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve.6.Evaluation of capital circulation:The adjusting of function areas and range of I.M.XILINGUOLE Grassland National Nature Reserve makes natural capital in the reserve reduce by 0.4586 million hactares and the ecological compensation calculation is 3.9949 yuan RMB.Requisition compensation standard and specialized foundation for nature reserve are proposed based on case studies.7.Evaluation of capital running:The necessity and feasibility to invest and construct nature reserve has been defined.Capital running can be achieved in the fields of tourism,prataculturae,science and technology extension,green food processing industry,sand industry and modern animal husbandry after study.
引文
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