基于模糊PID的花椒烘房温度自动控制系统的研究
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摘要
干燥是农副产品加工和储藏的重要手段,也是农副产品生产中应用极为广泛的操作方法。目前,我国农村花椒干燥的主要方法仍采用自然晾晒法。由于自然晾晒花椒所需时间太长,容易受到不同天气的影响,不利于花椒的采收和储藏,而农村现有的花椒烘房完全依靠人工控制的方式,存在干燥不均匀,干燥速率相对较慢,能耗损失较大等问题。
本文首次系统地将模糊PID温度自动控制技术应用在花椒烘房的自动干燥上,研究对比了PID技术、模糊控制技术、模糊PID控制技术在自动控制系统中的功能特点,并结合32位ARM处理器和GPRS技术实现花椒烘房的自动控制和远程报警提示,有利于解决目前农村地区自动控制设备通讯难的问题,能为我国农村花椒干燥自动化应用寻求一条新的出路。
在控制方法的理论设计上,本文首先深入研究了花椒干燥过程中的不同物理现象和现有的国内外研究成果,进行了温度控制系统实时数据采集与控制的大量试验,在此基础上以花椒烘房内的温度为被控对象,分析了模糊PID控制器的不同参数控制规则,利用MATLAB7.1版本软件在计算机上建立了烘房两阶段的仿真模型结构,并对模糊控制器、PID控制器和模糊PID控制器的控制性能和抗干扰能力分别进行了仿真研究。仿真结果显示:模糊PID控制器性能优于模糊控制器和PID控制器,具有调节时间短、超调量小、鲁棒性好、稳态误差在±0.2℃内的控制精度、对干扰信号有很强的抑制能力。
在硬件电路设计上,本文采用了先进的32位ARM技术,系统的主芯片为ST公司生产的微处理器芯片STM32F103CB。硬件电路设计了数字信号采集电路、数据显示电路、键盘控制电路、抽风排湿控制电路、调温控制电路等;在系统安全性设计上,设计了过压控制电路、过流保护电路、GPRS远程无线报警提示电路;为了尽量减少各单元电路被信号干扰的可能性,分别设计了各单元电路的干扰信号抑制电路。
在软件设计上,本文以嵌入式实时操作系统UCOS/II为温度控制系统的管理方案。它主要是控制其它程序运行,管理系统资源并为用户提供操作界面的系统软件的集合。它可以对每个不同任务量的系统在软件进程上进行有条理的管理。通过在UCOS/II基础上建立FAT16文件管理系统,并且驱动系统底层驱动函数库(API)和不同子任务的功能子函数。整个温度控制系统软件程序主要完成:系统初始化、温度采集、数据处理、温度曲线显示、打开关闭执行机构、超温保护及超限报警等功能任务的软件调度与系统管理。
The drying is an important method of processing and preserving agricultural and sideline products, and it is widely applied in the agricultural and sideline products processing field. Presently, the main method of drying zanthoxylum is air-curing drying in rural areas, the air-curing drying is easily affected by the weather, so it goes against zanthoxylum harvest and zanthoxylum storage. However, the rural drying house has some disadvantages of completely manual way, slow drying rate, high energy consumption, non-automatic control and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to apply advanced automatic control technology in drying zanthoxylum.
In this paper, the fuzzy-PID automatic control technology is first applied systematically in the zanthoxylum drying house, this paper compares the functional characteristics of PID technology, fuzzy control technology, fuzzy PID control technology, and combines both 32-bit ARM processor and GPRS technology to realize automatic control and remote alarm. It is beneficial to solve the communication difficulty problem of automatic control equipment, and seeks a new outlet for zanthoxylum drying in rural areas.
In control method theory design, this paper deeply studies different physical phenomenons of zanthoxylum drying, collects many research results at home and abroad, and makes a lot of experiments on real-time data acquisition and control of a temperature control system. On this basis, using the temperature of zanthoxylum drying house as a controlled object, the paper analyses control rules of different parameters of fuzzy PID controller, establishes the simulation model of two stages drying, and simulates the control performance and anti-interference ability of fuzzy controller, PID controller and fuzzy PID controller by using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy PID controller is better than the fuzzy controller and PID controller, and it has the advantages of short adjusting time, small overshoot, good robustness and so on.
In the hardware circuit design, an advanced 32-bit arm technology is used, and the STM32103CB microprocessor chip is taken as the key chip. In this system, the hardware circuit consists of digital signal acquisition circuit, data display circuit, keyboard control circuit, ventilation and dehumidification control circuit, attemperation control circuit. In the system security design, the system consists of overvoltage control circuit, overcurrent protection circuit, GPRS remote wireless alarm circuit. Furthermore, in order to reduce the signal interference of various unit circuits, the system designs the interference signal suppression circuit for each unit circuit.
In the software design, this system utilizes embedded UCOS/II system as the real-time operating system, its main functions are to control program running, manage system resources, provide users with the system software of operation interface. Meanwhile, it can orderly manage different task loads in software process. On the basis of UCOS/II system, by establishing the FAT16 document management system, driving API function library and performance function of different task, the software programs of whole temperature control system can achieve many functions, such as system initialization, temperature acquisition, data processing, temperature curve display, opening and closing actuator, overtemperature protection, overrun alarm and so on.
本文首次系统地将模糊PID温度自动控制技术应用在花椒烘房的自动干燥上,研究对比了PID技术、模糊控制技术、模糊PID控制技术在自动控制系统中的功能特点,并结合32位ARM处理器和GPRS技术实现花椒烘房的自动控制和远程报警提示,有利于解决目前农村地区自动控制设备通讯难的问题,能为我国农村花椒干燥自动化应用寻求一条新的出路。
在控制方法的理论设计上,本文首先深入研究了花椒干燥过程中的不同物理现象和现有的国内外研究成果,进行了温度控制系统实时数据采集与控制的大量试验,在此基础上以花椒烘房内的温度为被控对象,分析了模糊PID控制器的不同参数控制规则,利用MATLAB7.1版本软件在计算机上建立了烘房两阶段的仿真模型结构,并对模糊控制器、PID控制器和模糊PID控制器的控制性能和抗干扰能力分别进行了仿真研究。仿真结果显示:模糊PID控制器性能优于模糊控制器和PID控制器,具有调节时间短、超调量小、鲁棒性好、稳态误差在±0.2℃内的控制精度、对干扰信号有很强的抑制能力。
在硬件电路设计上,本文采用了先进的32位ARM技术,系统的主芯片为ST公司生产的微处理器芯片STM32F103CB。硬件电路设计了数字信号采集电路、数据显示电路、键盘控制电路、抽风排湿控制电路、调温控制电路等;在系统安全性设计上,设计了过压控制电路、过流保护电路、GPRS远程无线报警提示电路;为了尽量减少各单元电路被信号干扰的可能性,分别设计了各单元电路的干扰信号抑制电路。
在软件设计上,本文以嵌入式实时操作系统UCOS/II为温度控制系统的管理方案。它主要是控制其它程序运行,管理系统资源并为用户提供操作界面的系统软件的集合。它可以对每个不同任务量的系统在软件进程上进行有条理的管理。通过在UCOS/II基础上建立FAT16文件管理系统,并且驱动系统底层驱动函数库(API)和不同子任务的功能子函数。整个温度控制系统软件程序主要完成:系统初始化、温度采集、数据处理、温度曲线显示、打开关闭执行机构、超温保护及超限报警等功能任务的软件调度与系统管理。
The drying is an important method of processing and preserving agricultural and sideline products, and it is widely applied in the agricultural and sideline products processing field. Presently, the main method of drying zanthoxylum is air-curing drying in rural areas, the air-curing drying is easily affected by the weather, so it goes against zanthoxylum harvest and zanthoxylum storage. However, the rural drying house has some disadvantages of completely manual way, slow drying rate, high energy consumption, non-automatic control and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to apply advanced automatic control technology in drying zanthoxylum.
In this paper, the fuzzy-PID automatic control technology is first applied systematically in the zanthoxylum drying house, this paper compares the functional characteristics of PID technology, fuzzy control technology, fuzzy PID control technology, and combines both 32-bit ARM processor and GPRS technology to realize automatic control and remote alarm. It is beneficial to solve the communication difficulty problem of automatic control equipment, and seeks a new outlet for zanthoxylum drying in rural areas.
In control method theory design, this paper deeply studies different physical phenomenons of zanthoxylum drying, collects many research results at home and abroad, and makes a lot of experiments on real-time data acquisition and control of a temperature control system. On this basis, using the temperature of zanthoxylum drying house as a controlled object, the paper analyses control rules of different parameters of fuzzy PID controller, establishes the simulation model of two stages drying, and simulates the control performance and anti-interference ability of fuzzy controller, PID controller and fuzzy PID controller by using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy PID controller is better than the fuzzy controller and PID controller, and it has the advantages of short adjusting time, small overshoot, good robustness and so on.
In the hardware circuit design, an advanced 32-bit arm technology is used, and the STM32103CB microprocessor chip is taken as the key chip. In this system, the hardware circuit consists of digital signal acquisition circuit, data display circuit, keyboard control circuit, ventilation and dehumidification control circuit, attemperation control circuit. In the system security design, the system consists of overvoltage control circuit, overcurrent protection circuit, GPRS remote wireless alarm circuit. Furthermore, in order to reduce the signal interference of various unit circuits, the system designs the interference signal suppression circuit for each unit circuit.
In the software design, this system utilizes embedded UCOS/II system as the real-time operating system, its main functions are to control program running, manage system resources, provide users with the system software of operation interface. Meanwhile, it can orderly manage different task loads in software process. On the basis of UCOS/II system, by establishing the FAT16 document management system, driving API function library and performance function of different task, the software programs of whole temperature control system can achieve many functions, such as system initialization, temperature acquisition, data processing, temperature curve display, opening and closing actuator, overtemperature protection, overrun alarm and so on.
引文
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