大型储罐地基基础设计方法研究
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摘要
大庆油田开发近五十年,每年都要新建一定量不同规格的储油(液)罐。储油罐地基基础在储罐单项工程造价中占有相当大的比重,地基基础也直接影响储油罐的安全可靠运行。
本文依据现行规范的基本原则,结合大庆油田近五十年建罐经验,分析目前设计计算方法的缺陷和不足,研究建立新的计算方法和模型,采用先进的数值计算方法,研制先进的大型有限元分析软件和计算机辅助设计软件,并用已建罐基础的沉降观测资料验证所提出的计算方法。本文完成的工作共分三个部分,相应取得如下成果:
第一部分以《石油化工企业钢储罐地基与基础设计规范》(SH3068-95)为钢储罐地基基础设计及计算的主要依据,开发了“大型储油罐地基基础的计算机辅助设计系统”。并用开发的“大型储油罐地基基础的计算机辅助设计系统”计算了南三油库的6座储油罐和南一油库的2座储油罐的地基沉降,总结出地基沉降计算的经验系数可取0.2～0.4。
第二部分首先进行了地基土工参数与土的本构模型选择与研究,结合土的本构模型最新研究成果,认为沈珠江双屈服面模型比较适合大庆地区的地质情况。与规范方法相比较,有限元分析方法采用的土体材料物理力学特性更加接近实际情况,同时也紧密结合近年来土工理论发展的实际,明确采用非线性本构模型是计算土体变形未来的发展方向。
第三部分主要以在大庆地区建造的大型立式金属储油罐基础沉降问题为基础及研究的出发点,假定地基土基本满足承载力要求,土的工程特性指标按规范要求测定,地基沉降按规范推荐法计算,重点是人工神经网络应用的适用性研究。研究结果表明利用BP网络可以建立计算大型储油罐的地基沉降主要参数之间的输入输出之间的关系,其结果可以用于位移预测。
Daqing oilfield has been explored for nearly 50 years, many steel storage tanks in different capacity are built every year. The subgrade treatment and foundation of storage tanks accounts for a great proportion in the storage tanks project cost. The safe operation of storage tanks depends on subgrade and foundation in very great degree. In this paper, the basic principles of present codes and the long-term experiences
of building steel storage tanks are unified to analysis the deficiency of present design and calculation methods. New computation methods and models are established, and advanced numerical methods are adopted to develop efficient finite element method programs. Then, the observation data of subgrade settlement of existing steel storage tanks are applied to validate the methods of this paper. The three parts in this paper as follows:
According to the Petro-Chemical enterprises design specification for steel storage tanks subgrade and foundation, the computer aided design system for large storage tanks is developed. The system is used to compute the subgrade settlement of six steel storage tanks in Nan San oil depot and two steel storage tanks in Nan Yi oil depot. The result shows that the experiential factor of subgrade settlement can be from 0.2 to 0.4.
The research of the soil parameters and constitutive relation of earth structure indicates Shen Zhujiang's elastoplastic model is suitable for DaQing. Compared with methods in related specifications, the computation result of finite element method is better on reality. At the same time, the recent development of soil theory shows the trend of calculating deformation of soil mass is the application of non-linear constitutive relation.
Based on subgrade settlement of the existing storage tanks in DaQing, and on the premise of that soil bearing capacity meets the design demand, and that the mensuration of soil parameters and calculation of subgrade settlement bases on related codes, the applicability of artificial neural network is researched. The study indicates the relation of input and output settlement parameters of large storage tanks subgrade can be established by BP network, and the displacement of subgrade can be forecasted by the result of BP network.
本文依据现行规范的基本原则,结合大庆油田近五十年建罐经验,分析目前设计计算方法的缺陷和不足,研究建立新的计算方法和模型,采用先进的数值计算方法,研制先进的大型有限元分析软件和计算机辅助设计软件,并用已建罐基础的沉降观测资料验证所提出的计算方法。本文完成的工作共分三个部分,相应取得如下成果:
第一部分以《石油化工企业钢储罐地基与基础设计规范》(SH3068-95)为钢储罐地基基础设计及计算的主要依据,开发了“大型储油罐地基基础的计算机辅助设计系统”。并用开发的“大型储油罐地基基础的计算机辅助设计系统”计算了南三油库的6座储油罐和南一油库的2座储油罐的地基沉降,总结出地基沉降计算的经验系数可取0.2～0.4。
第二部分首先进行了地基土工参数与土的本构模型选择与研究,结合土的本构模型最新研究成果,认为沈珠江双屈服面模型比较适合大庆地区的地质情况。与规范方法相比较,有限元分析方法采用的土体材料物理力学特性更加接近实际情况,同时也紧密结合近年来土工理论发展的实际,明确采用非线性本构模型是计算土体变形未来的发展方向。
第三部分主要以在大庆地区建造的大型立式金属储油罐基础沉降问题为基础及研究的出发点,假定地基土基本满足承载力要求,土的工程特性指标按规范要求测定,地基沉降按规范推荐法计算,重点是人工神经网络应用的适用性研究。研究结果表明利用BP网络可以建立计算大型储油罐的地基沉降主要参数之间的输入输出之间的关系,其结果可以用于位移预测。
Daqing oilfield has been explored for nearly 50 years, many steel storage tanks in different capacity are built every year. The subgrade treatment and foundation of storage tanks accounts for a great proportion in the storage tanks project cost. The safe operation of storage tanks depends on subgrade and foundation in very great degree. In this paper, the basic principles of present codes and the long-term experiences
of building steel storage tanks are unified to analysis the deficiency of present design and calculation methods. New computation methods and models are established, and advanced numerical methods are adopted to develop efficient finite element method programs. Then, the observation data of subgrade settlement of existing steel storage tanks are applied to validate the methods of this paper. The three parts in this paper as follows:
According to the Petro-Chemical enterprises design specification for steel storage tanks subgrade and foundation, the computer aided design system for large storage tanks is developed. The system is used to compute the subgrade settlement of six steel storage tanks in Nan San oil depot and two steel storage tanks in Nan Yi oil depot. The result shows that the experiential factor of subgrade settlement can be from 0.2 to 0.4.
The research of the soil parameters and constitutive relation of earth structure indicates Shen Zhujiang's elastoplastic model is suitable for DaQing. Compared with methods in related specifications, the computation result of finite element method is better on reality. At the same time, the recent development of soil theory shows the trend of calculating deformation of soil mass is the application of non-linear constitutive relation.
Based on subgrade settlement of the existing storage tanks in DaQing, and on the premise of that soil bearing capacity meets the design demand, and that the mensuration of soil parameters and calculation of subgrade settlement bases on related codes, the applicability of artificial neural network is researched. The study indicates the relation of input and output settlement parameters of large storage tanks subgrade can be established by BP network, and the displacement of subgrade can be forecasted by the result of BP network.
引文
[1]李广信:高等土力学,清华大学出版社,2004
[2]陈祥福:沉降计算理论及工程实例,科学出版社,2005
[3]SAP2000 土木工程分析实例手册,2003
[4]贾庆山:储罐基础工程手册,中国石化出版社,2002
[5]徐至钧,许朝铨,沈珠江:大型储罐基础设计与地基处理,中国石化出版社,1999
[6]肖仁成,俞晓:土力学,北京大学出版社,2006
[7]赵明华:土力学与基础工程,武汉工业大学出版社,2000
[8]徐孝凯:C++基础教程,清华大学出版社,2004
[9]吴文斗:Visaul Bisic 程序设计教程,湖南教育出版社,2005
[10]刘汝正,陈美莲:中文 WindowsXP 使用指南,冶金工业大学出版社,2002
[11]杨建刚:人工神经网络实用教程,浙江大学出版社,2001
[12]徐至均:大型储罐的设计选型及国产化条件,石油工程建设,1997(4)
[13]贾庆山:大型储罐软土地基变形控制标准的研究,石油工程建设,1996(4)
[14]王永兴:大型立式圆筒形储罐的设计,山西化工,2003 年 11 月第 23 卷第 4 期 Nov.2003Vol.23No.4
[15]徐至钧,许朝铨:大型储罐基础环向力计算及通用图编制,石油工业建设,1998(1)
[16]张继文:大型油罐基础选型探讨,炼油设计,2001(1)
[17]贾庆山:塑料排水板与碎石桩综合处理大型储罐软地基研究与应用,石油工业建设,1999(2)
[18]刘敏燕,李庆祥:大型原油储罐设计中主要安全问题及对策,中国安全科学学报,1999(5)
[19]李立昌,齐国英:大型液化石油气全冷式储罐基础设计,油气田地面工程,1999(2)
[20]Development&Structural Design of the bucket foundation for the EuropipeJacket-MortenBaerheim,Statoil,LarsHoberg,AkerEngineering,and Tor Inge Tjelta,Statoil,Norway
[21]Hoskins L M and Jacobsen L S.Water pressure in a tank caused?a simulated earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1934 24:I-32.Wright,B.Rognlien,Aker Engineering,T.I. tjelta,Statoil,Norway
[22]SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODEL FOR A SUCTION PILE PLATFORMJ.Lorin Rasmussen,Ramboll&Hhanneman A/B,Virum,Denmark,N.H.Christensen& F.Haahr,Danish Geotechnical Institute,Lyngby,Denmark
[23]刘宁,罗伯明:地基沉降的概率分析方法和可靠度计算,岩土工程学报,2000(22)
[24]杨军,宋二祥:饱和无限地基动力反应的有限元分析,清华大学学报,1999(39)
[25]孙大鹏,袁中立,朱其敏:滩海平台桶型基础模型承载力试验研究,石油工程建设,1999(2)
[26]吴天云:油罐应力分析的新方法及其计算验证,石油化工设备,1997(5)
[27]孙建刚,郝进锋:立式储液罐基础橡胶垫隔震控制分析,大庆石油学院学报,1998(4)
[28]陈树棕:钢储罐基础环墙的计算,特种结构,1997(1)
[29]张泽盛,王日新,孟昭寅:地震作用下石油储罐浮顶强度及稳定性分析,天津大学学报,2000
[30]贾庆山:大型油罐基础的设计选型,石油工程建设,2001(1)
[31]孙建刚,周丽,袁朝庆:立式钢制圆柱储罐的动提离控制,大庆石油学院学报,2001(3)
[32]孔凡君:大中型储油罐罐底及基础损坏修复技术,河南化工,2001(9)
[33]马玉红,邹军:大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算,炼油与化工,2002(3)
[34]傅强,陈志平,郑津洋:弹性基础上大型石油储罐的应力分析,化工机械,2002(4)
[35]荆少东:大型储罐充水预压过程中环墙基础沉降观测,岩土工程界,第7 卷,第 10 期
[36]赵家伟:大型油罐充水预压试验环墙基础不均匀沉降预测,岩土工程界,2001(1)
[37]张继文:大型储罐软土地基处理的几个问题探讨,石油工程建设,2002(10)
[38]Geddes, J.D., Stress in foundation soils due to vertical subsurface loading,Getechnique 16,No.3,231-255,1966.[39]Dav Johnson. Plate bending by a boundary point method. Computers&Structure, 1987, 26(4): 673-680.
[40]Housner G W. The dynamic behavior of water tanks. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ,1963 ,53(1)
[41]Phiilip L G. Geometric stiffness matrices for the finite element analysis of rotational shells. JStrut. Mech., 1977, 5(1): 87-105.
[42] Jia Qingshan, Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanks in Soft Clay Deposits&Other Environments,1986,P111~120
[43] Jia Qingshan. Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanksin Soft Clay Deposits Other Environment[J].PA.USA,1986.
[44] Jia Qingshan. Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanks in Soft Clay Deposits[C]. Proc Conf of International Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering&Earthquake Resistant Technology in Soft Soil Areas,1993.
[45] Bell Ray A Iwakiri,Jun, Settlement Comparison Used in Tank Failure Study Proc ASCE,1980, P153~169
[46] Penman,A.D.M.Soil-Structure Interaction and Daformation Problems with Large Oil Tanks,1977,P521~536
[2]陈祥福:沉降计算理论及工程实例,科学出版社,2005
[3]SAP2000 土木工程分析实例手册,2003
[4]贾庆山:储罐基础工程手册,中国石化出版社,2002
[5]徐至钧,许朝铨,沈珠江:大型储罐基础设计与地基处理,中国石化出版社,1999
[6]肖仁成,俞晓:土力学,北京大学出版社,2006
[7]赵明华:土力学与基础工程,武汉工业大学出版社,2000
[8]徐孝凯:C++基础教程,清华大学出版社,2004
[9]吴文斗:Visaul Bisic 程序设计教程,湖南教育出版社,2005
[10]刘汝正,陈美莲:中文 WindowsXP 使用指南,冶金工业大学出版社,2002
[11]杨建刚:人工神经网络实用教程,浙江大学出版社,2001
[12]徐至均:大型储罐的设计选型及国产化条件,石油工程建设,1997(4)
[13]贾庆山:大型储罐软土地基变形控制标准的研究,石油工程建设,1996(4)
[14]王永兴:大型立式圆筒形储罐的设计,山西化工,2003 年 11 月第 23 卷第 4 期 Nov.2003Vol.23No.4
[15]徐至钧,许朝铨:大型储罐基础环向力计算及通用图编制,石油工业建设,1998(1)
[16]张继文:大型油罐基础选型探讨,炼油设计,2001(1)
[17]贾庆山:塑料排水板与碎石桩综合处理大型储罐软地基研究与应用,石油工业建设,1999(2)
[18]刘敏燕,李庆祥:大型原油储罐设计中主要安全问题及对策,中国安全科学学报,1999(5)
[19]李立昌,齐国英:大型液化石油气全冷式储罐基础设计,油气田地面工程,1999(2)
[20]Development&Structural Design of the bucket foundation for the EuropipeJacket-MortenBaerheim,Statoil,LarsHoberg,AkerEngineering,and Tor Inge Tjelta,Statoil,Norway
[21]Hoskins L M and Jacobsen L S.Water pressure in a tank caused?a simulated earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1934 24:I-32.Wright,B.Rognlien,Aker Engineering,T.I. tjelta,Statoil,Norway
[22]SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODEL FOR A SUCTION PILE PLATFORMJ.Lorin Rasmussen,Ramboll&Hhanneman A/B,Virum,Denmark,N.H.Christensen& F.Haahr,Danish Geotechnical Institute,Lyngby,Denmark
[23]刘宁,罗伯明:地基沉降的概率分析方法和可靠度计算,岩土工程学报,2000(22)
[24]杨军,宋二祥:饱和无限地基动力反应的有限元分析,清华大学学报,1999(39)
[25]孙大鹏,袁中立,朱其敏:滩海平台桶型基础模型承载力试验研究,石油工程建设,1999(2)
[26]吴天云:油罐应力分析的新方法及其计算验证,石油化工设备,1997(5)
[27]孙建刚,郝进锋:立式储液罐基础橡胶垫隔震控制分析,大庆石油学院学报,1998(4)
[28]陈树棕:钢储罐基础环墙的计算,特种结构,1997(1)
[29]张泽盛,王日新,孟昭寅:地震作用下石油储罐浮顶强度及稳定性分析,天津大学学报,2000
[30]贾庆山:大型油罐基础的设计选型,石油工程建设,2001(1)
[31]孙建刚,周丽,袁朝庆:立式钢制圆柱储罐的动提离控制,大庆石油学院学报,2001(3)
[32]孔凡君:大中型储油罐罐底及基础损坏修复技术,河南化工,2001(9)
[33]马玉红,邹军:大型圆筒形储罐有限元设计计算,炼油与化工,2002(3)
[34]傅强,陈志平,郑津洋:弹性基础上大型石油储罐的应力分析,化工机械,2002(4)
[35]荆少东:大型储罐充水预压过程中环墙基础沉降观测,岩土工程界,第7 卷,第 10 期
[36]赵家伟:大型油罐充水预压试验环墙基础不均匀沉降预测,岩土工程界,2001(1)
[37]张继文:大型储罐软土地基处理的几个问题探讨,石油工程建设,2002(10)
[38]Geddes, J.D., Stress in foundation soils due to vertical subsurface loading,Getechnique 16,No.3,231-255,1966.[39]Dav Johnson. Plate bending by a boundary point method. Computers&Structure, 1987, 26(4): 673-680.
[40]Housner G W. The dynamic behavior of water tanks. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ,1963 ,53(1)
[41]Phiilip L G. Geometric stiffness matrices for the finite element analysis of rotational shells. JStrut. Mech., 1977, 5(1): 87-105.
[42] Jia Qingshan, Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanks in Soft Clay Deposits&Other Environments,1986,P111~120
[43] Jia Qingshan. Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanksin Soft Clay Deposits Other Environment[J].PA.USA,1986.
[44] Jia Qingshan. Stability Control of Large Petroleum Storage Tanks in Soft Clay Deposits[C]. Proc Conf of International Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering&Earthquake Resistant Technology in Soft Soil Areas,1993.
[45] Bell Ray A Iwakiri,Jun, Settlement Comparison Used in Tank Failure Study Proc ASCE,1980, P153~169
[46] Penman,A.D.M.Soil-Structure Interaction and Daformation Problems with Large Oil Tanks,1977,P521~536