水杨酸对干旱胁迫下柑橘生理生化特性的影响
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摘要
水杨酸(Salicylic acid，SA)是广泛分布于植物体内的一种小分子酚类化合物，被认为是一种新的植物激素，参与调节植物的许多生理过程。近年来SA被认为是一种信号传递分子。目前的研究主要集中在SA对植株抗病性方面，即诱导植物体内病程相关蛋白基因表达以及产生系统获得抗病性。SA对植物抗逆境方面的影响虽有不少研究，但有关SA对柑橘的抗旱性的系统研究在国内外尚未见报道。
本试验以红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis cv．Cara cara)、‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑(C．unshiucv．Guoqing No．4)和枳(Poncirus trifoliata)盆栽幼树为试材，采用3个SA水平(0.1、0.5和2.5mmol／L)叶面喷施并结合根部灌溉后进行干旱处理，探讨外源SA对干旱胁迫下柑橘生理生化特性的影响，以为SA在柑橘抗旱性方面的应用提供参考。其主要研究结果如下：
1．干旱胁迫下，柑橘叶片和根系的细胞膜透性增大，MDA含量增多，Pro和H_2O_2的积累增加，叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量减少，SOD，POD，CAT保护酶活性变化显著，有少量干旱蛋白被诱导表达。
2．SA处理对柑橘根系细胞膜透性的影响不显著，但在一定程度上降低了叶片细胞膜透性，且降低的程度与SA浓度、试验材料以及处理时间有关。其中0.1 mmol／LSA处理使红肉脐橙叶片细胞膜透性在处理9 d时降低了23.63％，0.5 mmol／L SA处理使‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑叶片细胞膜透性在处理7 d降低了15.81％，2.5 mmol／L SA处理使枳叶片细胞膜透性在处理7 d降低了20.06％。同时，SA处理增强了柑橘叶片和根系渗透调节物质Pro的积累。不同材料根系中Pro含量均以0.5mmol／L SA处理最高，而在红肉脐橙和‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑叶片中Pro含量在干旱胁迫9 d时也以0.5mmol／LSA处理最高。
3．在干旱胁迫期间，不同浓度SA处理均降低了柑橘叶片和根系MDA含量。其中红肉脐橙与‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑的叶片和根系MDA含量在不同浓度之间无显著差异，而枳叶片和根系中MDA含量在不同处理间存在显著差异；另一方面，SA处理在一定程度上减少柑橘叶片H_2O_2含量，但在根系上得到了相反的结果；此外，SA处理能缓解干旱胁迫下柑橘叶片相对含水量和叶绿素下降速率。
4．SA处理增加了干旱胁迫下柑橘叶片和根系SOD，POD活性，同时也能增加柑橘叶片CAT活性，但降低根系CAT活性；经SDS-PAGE电泳图蛋白质组分分析，发现SA处理后，有新蛋白带出现和原有蛋白带加深，而这些特异蛋白的产生，可能增强了柑橘抗旱能力及适应性。
Salicylic acid (SA) belongs to a group of phenolics widely distributed in plants and is now considered a hormone-like substance, which plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. In the recent years, It has received particular attention to be a signal molecule in acquired resistance to pathogens in several species, its is can be used toinduced both the synthesis of certain pathogenesis related proteins and systemic acquired resistance. Several studies also supported a major role of SA in modulating the plants response to several abiotic stresses. There has no systemic study on drought resistance of citrus treated with SA in and abroad.
Potted experiment materials in greenhouse were Cara cara navel and Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin grafted as trifoliate stocks and trifoliate. They were treated with three levels concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mmol/L) SA hydroponic solution by spraying onto leaves and irrigating to roots, and then were treated drought stress. This research studied the effects of physiology and biochemistry of Citrus streatment with exogenous SA under drought stress, and provide a reference to SA application in resistance of Citrus to drought.
The main results in the present study are as follows:
1. Under drought stress, cell membrane permeability and the content of MDA, Pro and H_2O_2 in citrus leaf and root increased. However, the relative water and chlorophyll content in leaf decreast with drough stress. At the same time, the changes of SOD, POD and CAT activity were significant and some drought protein expression was induced under drought stress.
2. SA treatment had no significant influence on cell membrane permeability in citrus root, whereas it could decrease cell membrane permeability in citrus leaf. Furthermore, the degree of decrease in leaf was relative to SA concentration, test material and treatment time. For example, the cell membrane permeability in Cara cara navel orange leaf which treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA decreased by 23.63% with drought stress on 9-day. With drought stress on 7-day, the cell membrane permeability in leaf of Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin with 0.5 mmol/L SA treated and trifoliate with 2.5 mmol/L SA treated decreased by 15.81% and 20.06%, respectively. At the same time, SA treatment promoted accumulating in Pro which has osmotic and adjustive ability. Pro in the all Citrus root was the highest when the concentration of SA was 0.5 mmol/L. In addition, the content of Pro in Cara cara navel orange and Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin leaf with 0.5 mmol/L SA treated was also higher than other treatment with drough stress on 9-day.
3. During the drough stress, SA treatment decreased the content of MDA in the Citrus leaf and root. But there was no significant difference between various SA concentrations in Cara cara navel orange leaf or root, respectively. The same status was found in Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin. However, various SA concentrations had a significant difference in trifoliate leaf or root, respectively. On the other hand, SA treatment decreased the content of H_2O_2 in Citrus leaf by SA application, and the opposition was present in Citrus root. In addition, SA treatment could solwer the rate of this decline of relative water content of leaves and chlorophyll content.
4. SA treatment increased the activity of SOD and POD in Citrus leaf and root. On the other hand, though the activity of CAT was increased in Citrus leaf by SA application, but decreased in Citrus root. By SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that some new protein band was found and the intrinsic protein band was enhanced, which could improve Citrus the resistance against drought stress.
本试验以红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis cv．Cara cara)、‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑(C．unshiucv．Guoqing No．4)和枳(Poncirus trifoliata)盆栽幼树为试材，采用3个SA水平(0.1、0.5和2.5mmol／L)叶面喷施并结合根部灌溉后进行干旱处理，探讨外源SA对干旱胁迫下柑橘生理生化特性的影响，以为SA在柑橘抗旱性方面的应用提供参考。其主要研究结果如下：
1．干旱胁迫下，柑橘叶片和根系的细胞膜透性增大，MDA含量增多，Pro和H_2O_2的积累增加，叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量减少，SOD，POD，CAT保护酶活性变化显著，有少量干旱蛋白被诱导表达。
2．SA处理对柑橘根系细胞膜透性的影响不显著，但在一定程度上降低了叶片细胞膜透性，且降低的程度与SA浓度、试验材料以及处理时间有关。其中0.1 mmol／LSA处理使红肉脐橙叶片细胞膜透性在处理9 d时降低了23.63％，0.5 mmol／L SA处理使‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑叶片细胞膜透性在处理7 d降低了15.81％，2.5 mmol／L SA处理使枳叶片细胞膜透性在处理7 d降低了20.06％。同时，SA处理增强了柑橘叶片和根系渗透调节物质Pro的积累。不同材料根系中Pro含量均以0.5mmol／L SA处理最高，而在红肉脐橙和‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑叶片中Pro含量在干旱胁迫9 d时也以0.5mmol／LSA处理最高。
3．在干旱胁迫期间，不同浓度SA处理均降低了柑橘叶片和根系MDA含量。其中红肉脐橙与‘国庆4号’温州蜜柑的叶片和根系MDA含量在不同浓度之间无显著差异，而枳叶片和根系中MDA含量在不同处理间存在显著差异；另一方面，SA处理在一定程度上减少柑橘叶片H_2O_2含量，但在根系上得到了相反的结果；此外，SA处理能缓解干旱胁迫下柑橘叶片相对含水量和叶绿素下降速率。
4．SA处理增加了干旱胁迫下柑橘叶片和根系SOD，POD活性，同时也能增加柑橘叶片CAT活性，但降低根系CAT活性；经SDS-PAGE电泳图蛋白质组分分析，发现SA处理后，有新蛋白带出现和原有蛋白带加深，而这些特异蛋白的产生，可能增强了柑橘抗旱能力及适应性。
Salicylic acid (SA) belongs to a group of phenolics widely distributed in plants and is now considered a hormone-like substance, which plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. In the recent years, It has received particular attention to be a signal molecule in acquired resistance to pathogens in several species, its is can be used toinduced both the synthesis of certain pathogenesis related proteins and systemic acquired resistance. Several studies also supported a major role of SA in modulating the plants response to several abiotic stresses. There has no systemic study on drought resistance of citrus treated with SA in and abroad.
Potted experiment materials in greenhouse were Cara cara navel and Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin grafted as trifoliate stocks and trifoliate. They were treated with three levels concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 mmol/L) SA hydroponic solution by spraying onto leaves and irrigating to roots, and then were treated drought stress. This research studied the effects of physiology and biochemistry of Citrus streatment with exogenous SA under drought stress, and provide a reference to SA application in resistance of Citrus to drought.
The main results in the present study are as follows:
1. Under drought stress, cell membrane permeability and the content of MDA, Pro and H_2O_2 in citrus leaf and root increased. However, the relative water and chlorophyll content in leaf decreast with drough stress. At the same time, the changes of SOD, POD and CAT activity were significant and some drought protein expression was induced under drought stress.
2. SA treatment had no significant influence on cell membrane permeability in citrus root, whereas it could decrease cell membrane permeability in citrus leaf. Furthermore, the degree of decrease in leaf was relative to SA concentration, test material and treatment time. For example, the cell membrane permeability in Cara cara navel orange leaf which treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA decreased by 23.63% with drought stress on 9-day. With drought stress on 7-day, the cell membrane permeability in leaf of Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin with 0.5 mmol/L SA treated and trifoliate with 2.5 mmol/L SA treated decreased by 15.81% and 20.06%, respectively. At the same time, SA treatment promoted accumulating in Pro which has osmotic and adjustive ability. Pro in the all Citrus root was the highest when the concentration of SA was 0.5 mmol/L. In addition, the content of Pro in Cara cara navel orange and Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin leaf with 0.5 mmol/L SA treated was also higher than other treatment with drough stress on 9-day.
3. During the drough stress, SA treatment decreased the content of MDA in the Citrus leaf and root. But there was no significant difference between various SA concentrations in Cara cara navel orange leaf or root, respectively. The same status was found in Guoqing No.4 satsuma mandarin. However, various SA concentrations had a significant difference in trifoliate leaf or root, respectively. On the other hand, SA treatment decreased the content of H_2O_2 in Citrus leaf by SA application, and the opposition was present in Citrus root. In addition, SA treatment could solwer the rate of this decline of relative water content of leaves and chlorophyll content.
4. SA treatment increased the activity of SOD and POD in Citrus leaf and root. On the other hand, though the activity of CAT was increased in Citrus leaf by SA application, but decreased in Citrus root. By SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that some new protein band was found and the intrinsic protein band was enhanced, which could improve Citrus the resistance against drought stress.
引文
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