梨砧木休眠过程中多胺代谢及相关生理生化指标的研究
摘要
休眠是落叶果树长期形成的一种对季节性气候变化生物适应和驯化的结果。本试验于2005年11月至2007年3月在扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院进行,以梨树砧木滇梨(P.pseudopashia)、杜梨(P.betulaefolia)、豆梨(P.calleryana)为试验材料,主要研究了如下内容:(1)不同供试材料的萌芽率和需冷量的变化;(2)不同供试材料休眠期芽内源多胺种类、形态和含量变化;(3)不同供试材料根系年周期内源多胺种类、形态和含量变化;(4)破眠药剂处理后,豆梨的萌芽率,以及芽和根系内源多胺种类、形态和含量变化;(6)休眠期豆梨芽内赤霉素含量变化;(7)休眠期豆梨芽内苯丙氨酸解氨酶含量变化;(8)休眠期豆梨芽的脯氨酸含量变化。主要研究结果为:
1.利用三种植物需冷量估算模型对供试砧木种类芽的需冷量进行了计算,发现梨砧木种类不同,其需冷量亦不相同,需冷量顺序为:滇梨>杜梨>豆梨。通过对三种模型需冷量观察结果的比较,0-7.2℃模型和犹他模型的需冷量计算结果比较一致;
2.梨树三种砧木休眠芽内多胺含量为腐胺(put)最高,亚精胺(spd)其次,精胺(spm)相对较低,其中,腐胺(put)和亚精胺(spd)的含量随着需冷量不断得到满足而逐步升高,并且变化幅度较明显,表明芽内游离态和束缚态腐胺(put)和亚精胺(spd)的含量变化能够作为评价梨树砧木芽休眠深度变化的生理代谢指标;
3.梨树三种砧木根内源多胺测定表明:根中多胺含量明显低于芽,梨树砧木根内三种游离态和束缚态多胺含量在全年有2到3次高峰,表明多胺的存在与根系的生长有密切的关系;
4.应用20%CaCN2和2%H2CN2处理能有效打破豆梨的休眠,盆栽材料比离体材料萌芽率更整齐,2%H2CN2处理效果优于20%CaCN2处理,不同处理导致供试材料芽和根系内源多胺含量发生变化,特别是2%H2CN2处理后,根系内束缚态精胺含量的增加最为显著,表明供试材料的芽和根系内多胺代谢与芽的休眠进程有密切关系;
5.豆梨休眠期芽赤霉素、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、脯氨酸含量随需冷量满足而上升。
Deciduous fruit trees evolved into biomechanism of dormancy for a long time to adapt to the environmental and climatical changes in winter. This experiment was carried out from 2005 to 2007 in Yangzhou University with pear rootstocks P.pseudopashia、P.betulaefolia、P.calleryana as experimental materials. The chilling requirements in different test materials were investigated, and the contents and kinds of endogenous polyamines in the buds and roots of different test materials during dormancy and growth periods were analyzed. Also the effect of 20%CaCN2 and 2%H2CN2 which are usually used as breaking dormancy chemicals were studied on the sprouting rate and the changes of endogenous polyamines in the buds of pear rootstock P.calleryana. In the same time, the content changes of endogenous hormone GA3、Proline and the activity of PAL in the buds of pear rootstock P.calleryana during dormant period were analyzed. The main results were as follows:
1. Chilling requirements (CR) of pear rootstocks were studied, the results showed that P.calleryana CR was the lowest, P.pseudopashia CR was the highest. On evaluation of Chilling requirements(CR), 0-7.2℃model and Utah model were relatively similar.
2. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine, three kinds of endogenous polyamines were detected in the buds of test materials, the contents of free polyamines were higher than that of bound polyamines, and the contents of free putrescine and spermidine increased significantly as the chilling requirements were satisfied, it seemed that the content changes of free and bound putrescine and spermidine could be used as an index of physiological metabolism for estimating dormancy depth of buds of pear rootstocks.
3. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine, three kinds of endogenous polyamines were detected in the roots of pear rootstocks during the growth and dormant periods. The contents of polyamines on roots of pear rootstocks were significantly lower than that on buds, there are 2 to 3 peaks on the contents of polyamines of roots during the whole year. It could be seen that that the contents of polyamines had great influence on the growth of roots.
4. The dormancy of buds in pear rootstock P.calleryana could not only be broken, but also the contents of the free and bound polyamines could be raised in buds and roots by treating branches with 20%CaCN2 and 2%H2CN2 chemicals. And the contents of bound spermidine increased significantly in the roots when using the breaking dormancy chemical 2%H2CN2. The sprouting rates were higher in potted plants than that in vitro. It could be presumed that the dormant depth changes of buds were related to polyamine metabolism in the buds and roots of P.calleryana
5. The contents of Gibberellin acid (GA3)、proline and the activity of PAL increased significantly as the chilling requirements were satisfied.
1.利用三种植物需冷量估算模型对供试砧木种类芽的需冷量进行了计算,发现梨砧木种类不同,其需冷量亦不相同,需冷量顺序为:滇梨>杜梨>豆梨。通过对三种模型需冷量观察结果的比较,0-7.2℃模型和犹他模型的需冷量计算结果比较一致;
2.梨树三种砧木休眠芽内多胺含量为腐胺(put)最高,亚精胺(spd)其次,精胺(spm)相对较低,其中,腐胺(put)和亚精胺(spd)的含量随着需冷量不断得到满足而逐步升高,并且变化幅度较明显,表明芽内游离态和束缚态腐胺(put)和亚精胺(spd)的含量变化能够作为评价梨树砧木芽休眠深度变化的生理代谢指标;
3.梨树三种砧木根内源多胺测定表明:根中多胺含量明显低于芽,梨树砧木根内三种游离态和束缚态多胺含量在全年有2到3次高峰,表明多胺的存在与根系的生长有密切的关系;
4.应用20%CaCN2和2%H2CN2处理能有效打破豆梨的休眠,盆栽材料比离体材料萌芽率更整齐,2%H2CN2处理效果优于20%CaCN2处理,不同处理导致供试材料芽和根系内源多胺含量发生变化,特别是2%H2CN2处理后,根系内束缚态精胺含量的增加最为显著,表明供试材料的芽和根系内多胺代谢与芽的休眠进程有密切关系;
5.豆梨休眠期芽赤霉素、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、脯氨酸含量随需冷量满足而上升。
Deciduous fruit trees evolved into biomechanism of dormancy for a long time to adapt to the environmental and climatical changes in winter. This experiment was carried out from 2005 to 2007 in Yangzhou University with pear rootstocks P.pseudopashia、P.betulaefolia、P.calleryana as experimental materials. The chilling requirements in different test materials were investigated, and the contents and kinds of endogenous polyamines in the buds and roots of different test materials during dormancy and growth periods were analyzed. Also the effect of 20%CaCN2 and 2%H2CN2 which are usually used as breaking dormancy chemicals were studied on the sprouting rate and the changes of endogenous polyamines in the buds of pear rootstock P.calleryana. In the same time, the content changes of endogenous hormone GA3、Proline and the activity of PAL in the buds of pear rootstock P.calleryana during dormant period were analyzed. The main results were as follows:
1. Chilling requirements (CR) of pear rootstocks were studied, the results showed that P.calleryana CR was the lowest, P.pseudopashia CR was the highest. On evaluation of Chilling requirements(CR), 0-7.2℃model and Utah model were relatively similar.
2. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine, three kinds of endogenous polyamines were detected in the buds of test materials, the contents of free polyamines were higher than that of bound polyamines, and the contents of free putrescine and spermidine increased significantly as the chilling requirements were satisfied, it seemed that the content changes of free and bound putrescine and spermidine could be used as an index of physiological metabolism for estimating dormancy depth of buds of pear rootstocks.
3. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine, three kinds of endogenous polyamines were detected in the roots of pear rootstocks during the growth and dormant periods. The contents of polyamines on roots of pear rootstocks were significantly lower than that on buds, there are 2 to 3 peaks on the contents of polyamines of roots during the whole year. It could be seen that that the contents of polyamines had great influence on the growth of roots.
4. The dormancy of buds in pear rootstock P.calleryana could not only be broken, but also the contents of the free and bound polyamines could be raised in buds and roots by treating branches with 20%CaCN2 and 2%H2CN2 chemicals. And the contents of bound spermidine increased significantly in the roots when using the breaking dormancy chemical 2%H2CN2. The sprouting rates were higher in potted plants than that in vitro. It could be presumed that the dormant depth changes of buds were related to polyamine metabolism in the buds and roots of P.calleryana
5. The contents of Gibberellin acid (GA3)、proline and the activity of PAL increased significantly as the chilling requirements were satisfied.
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