中国柑橘疮痂病菌的种类和变异研究
|
摘要
柑橘疮痂病是柑橘上的重要真菌性病害,世界各地均有发生,国外研究表明引起柑橘疮痂病的病原有2个种,即由(?)(?)lsinoe fawcettii Bitancourt and Jenkins(无性态Sphaceloma fawcettii Jenkins)引起的普通疮痂病(Citrus Scab, CS)和由E.australis Bitancourt(无性态S. australis Bitancourt and Jenkins)引起的甜橙疮痂病(Sweet Orange Scab, SOS)。普通疮痂病可以危害各种宽皮柑橘,很少侵染甜橙；而甜橙疮痂病则主要侵染甜橙果实。
中国是世界最大的柑橘生产国,栽培柑橘的历史悠久,地域宽广,种类和品种繁多,疮痂病在常规栽培的橘类、柚类、柠檬类上普遍发生,但对其病原的种类以及种内的致病性分化缺乏任何研究,尤其是甜橙疮痂病,目前还没有资料表明我国存在甜橙疮痂病菌这个种。此外,对柚子疮痂病的病原国内外也尚未进行过鉴定。基于以上事实,本论文主要开展了如下几方面的工作：
1、从全国柑橘主产区主要柑橘种类上具有疮痂病和疑似疮痂病症状的果实和叶片上分离了83个柑橘疮痂病菌株,从中挑选了46个代表菌株,利用ITS序列来明确其种类,通过序列比对明确了我国的柑橘疮痂病病原均为普通疮痂病菌,甜橙疮痂病在我国尚未发现。
2、通过病菌的分离培养、形态学比较、致病性测定和分子比对,首次明确柚子疮痂病的病原为Elsinoe fawcettii。
3、通过对46个代表菌株的致病性测定和ISSR分析,明确我国柑橘疮痂病菌Elsinoe fawcettii存在丰富的种内变异,这46个菌株可分为11个致病型和10个ISSR组群。ISSR法所划分的遗传变异组群与致病型具有很好的相关性,说明所建立的ISSR体系可用于致病型的鉴定。
4、鉴于疮痂病的田间诊断易与其他病害症状相混淆,本研究还建立了柑橘疮痂病的实时荧光定量PCR诊断体系。通过此方法,可以在4个小时内完成对柑橘疮痂病的定量检测。
Two scab diseases are currently recognized on citrus:citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii Bitancourt and Jenkins (anamorph Sphaceloma fawcettii Jenkins), and sweet orange scab, caused by E. australis Bitancourt (anamorph S. australis Bitancourt and Jenkins). E. fawcettii mainly affects species of citrus such as tangerines and lemons, but raely affects stweet orange, while E. australis mainly affects fruits of sweet orange, but rarely affects tangerines.
China is the world's largest citrus producing countries with a long history of citrus-growing, and a large number of citrus species and varieties. Citrus scab is a common problem in the citrus industry, affecting tangerines, pomelos and lemons Although, scab disease is economically important in China, but experimental study on the species and intraspecific variation of the pathogenic fungi is lack. Especially, there is no information to show if sweet orange scab is present in China. In addition, the Elsinoe species causing pomelo (Citrus grandis) scab has not yet been identifiedabroad so far. Based on the above facts, the following works were carried out in this study:
1. Samples of citrus fruits and leaves with scab or scab-like symptoms were collected from cultivated Citrus species in the main citrus-producing areas of China. Eighty three Elsinoe strains were isolated from these samples and46representative strains were selected for ITS sequence analysis. The results indicated that Elsinoe fawcettii appears to be the sole species in our country and E. australis has not been discovered at present.
2. Based on the methods of morphological and molecular characteristics, we demonstrated for the first time that the causal agent of pomelo scab is also E. fawcetti.
3. Pathogenicity testing on9Citrus species and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis indicated that a rich intraspecific variation is present in E. fawcettii population. The46selected strains could be divided into11pathotypes and10ISSR groups. A high consistency is present between the genetic differentiation and pathogenicity differentiation, indicating ISSR could be used for the forcasting or intial identification of the pathotypes of E. fawcettii.
4. Symptoms of citrus scab are often indistinguishable from those caused by other pathogenic fungi, mechanical injuries or insects. In this study, a rapid and reliable real-time PCR technique for the diagnosis of citrus scab was established. By using this technique, a citrus scab-suspected sample could be diagnosed within four hours.
中国是世界最大的柑橘生产国,栽培柑橘的历史悠久,地域宽广,种类和品种繁多,疮痂病在常规栽培的橘类、柚类、柠檬类上普遍发生,但对其病原的种类以及种内的致病性分化缺乏任何研究,尤其是甜橙疮痂病,目前还没有资料表明我国存在甜橙疮痂病菌这个种。此外,对柚子疮痂病的病原国内外也尚未进行过鉴定。基于以上事实,本论文主要开展了如下几方面的工作：
1、从全国柑橘主产区主要柑橘种类上具有疮痂病和疑似疮痂病症状的果实和叶片上分离了83个柑橘疮痂病菌株,从中挑选了46个代表菌株,利用ITS序列来明确其种类,通过序列比对明确了我国的柑橘疮痂病病原均为普通疮痂病菌,甜橙疮痂病在我国尚未发现。
2、通过病菌的分离培养、形态学比较、致病性测定和分子比对,首次明确柚子疮痂病的病原为Elsinoe fawcettii。
3、通过对46个代表菌株的致病性测定和ISSR分析,明确我国柑橘疮痂病菌Elsinoe fawcettii存在丰富的种内变异,这46个菌株可分为11个致病型和10个ISSR组群。ISSR法所划分的遗传变异组群与致病型具有很好的相关性,说明所建立的ISSR体系可用于致病型的鉴定。
4、鉴于疮痂病的田间诊断易与其他病害症状相混淆,本研究还建立了柑橘疮痂病的实时荧光定量PCR诊断体系。通过此方法,可以在4个小时内完成对柑橘疮痂病的定量检测。
Two scab diseases are currently recognized on citrus:citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii Bitancourt and Jenkins (anamorph Sphaceloma fawcettii Jenkins), and sweet orange scab, caused by E. australis Bitancourt (anamorph S. australis Bitancourt and Jenkins). E. fawcettii mainly affects species of citrus such as tangerines and lemons, but raely affects stweet orange, while E. australis mainly affects fruits of sweet orange, but rarely affects tangerines.
China is the world's largest citrus producing countries with a long history of citrus-growing, and a large number of citrus species and varieties. Citrus scab is a common problem in the citrus industry, affecting tangerines, pomelos and lemons Although, scab disease is economically important in China, but experimental study on the species and intraspecific variation of the pathogenic fungi is lack. Especially, there is no information to show if sweet orange scab is present in China. In addition, the Elsinoe species causing pomelo (Citrus grandis) scab has not yet been identifiedabroad so far. Based on the above facts, the following works were carried out in this study:
1. Samples of citrus fruits and leaves with scab or scab-like symptoms were collected from cultivated Citrus species in the main citrus-producing areas of China. Eighty three Elsinoe strains were isolated from these samples and46representative strains were selected for ITS sequence analysis. The results indicated that Elsinoe fawcettii appears to be the sole species in our country and E. australis has not been discovered at present.
2. Based on the methods of morphological and molecular characteristics, we demonstrated for the first time that the causal agent of pomelo scab is also E. fawcetti.
3. Pathogenicity testing on9Citrus species and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis indicated that a rich intraspecific variation is present in E. fawcettii population. The46selected strains could be divided into11pathotypes and10ISSR groups. A high consistency is present between the genetic differentiation and pathogenicity differentiation, indicating ISSR could be used for the forcasting or intial identification of the pathotypes of E. fawcettii.
4. Symptoms of citrus scab are often indistinguishable from those caused by other pathogenic fungi, mechanical injuries or insects. In this study, a rapid and reliable real-time PCR technique for the diagnosis of citrus scab was established. By using this technique, a citrus scab-suspected sample could be diagnosed within four hours.
引文
Aaron, R., Anna, T., Maria, V. and Arunmozhi, B.S. (2011). Global population structure of Aspergillus terreus inferred by 1SSR typing reveals geographical subclustering. BMC Microbiology.11:1-25.
Alcorn, J., Grice, K.R. and Peterson, R. (1999). Mango scab in Australia caused by Denticularia mangifeae (Bitanc. & Jenkins) comb. nov. Australasian Plant Pathology.28(2):115-119.
Alvarez, E., Mejia, J.F. and Valle, T.L. (2003). Molecular and pathogenicity characterization of Sphaceloma manihoticola isolates from south-central Brazil. Plant Dis.87(11):1322-1328.
Alvarez, E. and Molina, M.L. (2000). Characterizing the Sphaceloma fungus, causal agent of superelongation disease in cassava. Plant Dis.84(4):423-428.
Bayraktar, H., Dolar, F. and Maden, S. (2008). Use of RAPD and 1SSR markers in detection of genetic variation and population structure among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolates on chickpea in Turkey. J Phytopathol.156(3):146-154.
Benny, G.L. (1995). Classical morphology in zygomycete taxonomy. Canadian journal of botany.73(S1): 725-730.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1936a). Elsinoe fawcettii, the perfect stage of the Citrus scab fungus. Phytopathology.26(4):393-395.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1936b). Perfect stage of the Sweet Orange fruit scab fungus. Mycologia. 28(5):489-492.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1937). Sweet orange fruit scab caused by Elsinoe australis. Journal of Agricultural Research(54):1-17.
Bornet, B. and Branchard, M. (2001). Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: reproducible and specific tools for genome fingerprinting. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 19(3):209-215.
Boyd, M., Carris, L. and Gray, P. (1998). Characterization of Tilletia goloskokovii and allied species. Mycologia:310-322.
Brunner, K., Kovalsky Paris, M.P., Paolino, G., Burstmayr, H., Lemmens, M., Berthiller, F., Schuhmacher, R., Krska, R. and Mach, R.L. (2009). A reference-gene-based quantitative PCR method as a tool to determine Fusarium resistance in wheat. Anal Bioanal Chem.395(5):1385-1394.
Bushong, P. and Timmer, L. (2000). Evaluation of postinfection control of citrus scab and melanose with benomyl, fenbuconazole, and azoxystrobin. Plant Dis.84(11):1246-1249.
Cao, T., Tewari, J. and Strelkov, S.E. (2007). Molecular detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot of crucifers, in plant and soil. Plant Dis.91(1):80-87.
Chung, K.R. (2011). Elsinoe fawcettii and Elsinoe australis:the fungal pathogens causing citrus scab. Mol Plant Pathol.12(2):123-135.
De Boer, S.H. and Lopez, M.M. (2012). New Grower-Friendly Methods for Plant Pathogen Monitoring*. Annu Rev Phytopathol.50:197-218.
Fang, D. and Roose, M. (1997). Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics.95(3):408-417.
Fawcett, G.L. (1920). La Verruga o "Scab" De Los Citrus. Rev Indus y Agr Tucuman 10:124-128.
Gabel, A. and Tiffany, L. (1987). Host-parasite relations and development of Elsinoe panici. Mycologia: 737-744.
Gardes, M. and Bruns, T. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol.2(2):113-118.
Glass, N.L. and Donaldson, G.C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol.61(4): 1323-1330.
Grossnbacher, J. (1916). sour scab OF citrus in Florida, and its prevention. Phytopathology.6(2):127-142.
Hadidi, A. and Yang, X. (1990). Detection of pome fruit viroids by enzymatic cDNA amplification. J Virol Methods.30(3):261-269.
Hamada, M., Yin, Y. and Ma, Z. (2012). DETECTION OF RH1ZOCTONIA CEREALIS IN WHEAT TISSUES BY A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY. J Plant Pathol.94(1):215-217.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1994). Ascomycete systematics(problems and perspectives in the nineties). NATO ASI series Series A:life sciences.
Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P., Sutton, B.C. and Pegler, D.N. (1996). Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.38(4):272-272.
Hazen, K.C. (1996). Methods for fungal identification in the clinical mycology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Newsl.18(18):137-141.
Hietala, A.M., Eikenes, M.. Kvaalen. H., Solheim, H. and Fossdal, C.G. (2003). Multiplex real-time PCR for monitoring Heterobasidion annosum colonization in Norway spruce clones that differ in disease resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol.69(8):4413-4420.
Hyun, J.W., Peres, N.A., Yi, S.Y., Timmer, L.W., Kim, K.S., Kwon, H.M. and Lim, H.C. (2007). Development of PCR Assays for the Identification of Species and Pathotypes of Elsinoe Causing Scab on Citrus. Plant Dis.91(7):865-870.
Hyun, J.W., Timmer, L., Lee, S.C., Yun, S.H., Ko, S.W. and Kim, K.S. (2001). Pathological characterization and molecular analysis of Elsinoe isolates causing scab diseases of citrus in Jeju island in Korea. Plant Dis.85(9):1013-1017.
Hyun, J.W., Yi, S.H., MacKenzie, S.J., Timmer, L.W.. Kim, K.S.. Kang, S.K., Kwon, H.M. and Lim, H.C. (2009). Pathotypes and Genetic Relationship of Worldwide Collections of Elsinoe spp. Causing Scab Diseases of Citrus. Phytopathology.99(6):721-728.
Jenkins, A.E. (1925). The Citrus scab fungus. Phytopathology.15(2):99-104.
Jenkins, A.E. (1931). Lima bean scab caused by Elsinoe. Journal of Agricultural Research(42):13-23.
Jenkins, A.E. (1933). A Sphaceloma attacking navel orange from Brazil. Phytopathology.23:538-545.
Jenkins, A.E. (1936). Australian citrus scab caused by Sphaceloma fawcettii scabiosa. Phytopathology.26: 195-197.
Jenkins, A.E. and Bitancourt, A. (1941). Revised descriptions of the genera Elsinoe and Sphaceloma. Mycologia.33(3):338-340.
Jenkins, A.E. and Bitancourt, A. A. (1942). Elsinoe in Uganda. Mycologia(34):318-321.
Kim, J., Takahashi, Y., Tanaka, R., Fukushima, K., Nishimura, K. and Miyaji, M. (2001). Identification and subtyping of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Mycoses. 44(5):157-165.
Kohn, L.M. (1992). Developing new characters for fungal systematics:an experimental approach for determining the rank of resolution. Mycologia:139-153.
Larkin, M., Blackshields, G.. Brown, N., Chenna, R., McGettigan. P., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I., Wilm, A. and Lopez, R. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics.23(21): 2947-2948.
Li, K., Rouse, D. and German, T. (1994). PCR primers that allow intergeneric differentiation of ascomycetes and their application to Verticillium spp. Appl Environ Microbiol.60(12): 4324-4331.
Lievens, B. and Thomma, B.P. (2005). Recent developments in pathogen detection arrays:implications for fungal plant pathogens and use in practice. Phytopathology.95(12):1374-1380.
Lihua, C., Shichang, X., Ruiming, L., Taiguo, L. and Wanquan, C. (2008). Early molecular diagnosis and detection of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Lett Appl Microbiol.46(5):501-506.
Maresca, B. and Kobayashi, G.S. (1994) Molecular biology of pathogenic fungi:a laboratory manual:Telos Pr.
Marmeisse, R., Debaud, J. and Casselton, L. (1992). DNA probes for species and strain identification in the ectomycorrhizal fungus< i> Hebeloma. Mycol Res.96(3):161-165.
Martins, M., Tenreiro, R. and Oliveira, M. (2003). Genetic relatedness of Portuguese almond cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers. Plant Cell Rep.22(1):71-78.
Menzies, J., Bakkeren, G., Matheson, F., Procunier, J. and Woods, S. (2003). Use of inter-simple sequence repeats and amplified fragment length polymorphisms to analyze genetic relationships among small grain-infecting species of Ustilago. Phytopathology.93(2):167-175.
Miller, J.H. and Jenkins, A.E. (1955). A new species of Elsinoe on southern magnolia. Mycologia.47(1): 104-108.
Mostafa, N., Omar, H., Tan, S.G. and Napis, S. (2011). Studies on the Genetic Variation of the Green Unicellular Alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) Obtained from Different Geographical Locations Using ISSR and RAPD Molecular Marker. Molecules.16(3):2599-2608.
Nelson, R.J., Baraoidan, M.R., Cruz, C.M.V., Yap, I.V., Leach, J.E., Mew, T.W. and Leung, H. (1994). Relationship between phylogeny and pathotype for the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Appl Environ Microbiol.60(9):3275-3283.
Prevost, A. and Wilkinson, M. (1999). A new system of comparing PCR primers applied to ISSR fingerprinting of potato cultivars. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics.98(1):107-112.
Prihastuti, H., Cai, L., Chen, H., McKenzie, E. and Hyde, K. (2009). Characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with coffee berries in northern Thailand. Fungal Diversity.39:89.
Qi, M. and Yang, Y. (2002). Quantification of Magnaporthe grisea during infection of rice plants using real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot/phosphoimaging analyses. Phytopathology. 92(8):870-876.
Raciborski, M. (1900) Parasitische Algen und Pilze Java's:Botanisches Institut, Buitenzorg.
Reinking, O.A. (1919). Diseases of economic plants in southern China. Philipp Agric.8:105-135.
Reinking, O.A. (1921). Citrus diseases of the Philippines, southern China, Indo China and Siam. Philipp Agric.9:121-179.
Ridley, G. and Ramsfield, T. (2005). Elsinoe takoropuku sp. nov. infects twigs of Pittosporum tenuifolium in New Zealand. Mycologia.97(6):1362-1364.
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). Ntsys-Pc Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.1. Exeter Software, Setauket, NY [Links].
Sawada, K. (1919).台湾产菌类调查报告第一篇.台湾总督府农事试验场特别报告第19号：1-695.
Sawada, K. (1959) Descriptive Catalogue of Taiwan Fungi:College of Agriculture, Nat. Taiwan Univ.
Scarano, M.-T., Abbate, L., Ferrante, S., Lucretti, S. and Tusa, N. (2002). ISSR-PCR technique:a useful method for characterizing new allotetraploid somatic hybrids of mandarin. Plant Cell Rep.20(12): 1162-1166.
Schoch, C.L., Shoemaker, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Hambleton, S., Spatafora, J.W. and Crous, P.W. (2006). A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. Mycologia.98(6): 1041-1052.
Schubert, R., Bahnweg, G., Nechwatal, J., Jung, T., Cooke, D., Duncan, J., Muller-Starck, G., Langebartels, C. and Oβwald, W. (2008). Detection and quantification of Phytophthora species which are associated with root-rot diseases in European deciduous forests by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Eur J For Pathol.29(3):169-188.
Scribner, F.L. (1886). Notes on the orange leaf scab. BulTorrey Bot. Club 13:181-183.
Sharma, T. and Tewari, J. (1998). RAPD analysis of three< i> Alternaria species pathogenic to crucifers. Mycol Res.102(7):807-814.
Sivanesan, A. and Sutton, B. (1985). Microfungi on< i> Xanthorrhoea. Transactions of the British Mycological Society.85(2):239-255:
Spatafora, J.W. (1995). Ascomal evolution of filamentous ascomycetes:evidence from molecular data. Canadian journal of botany.73(S1):811-815.
Spiers, A. and Hopcroft, D. (1992). Some electron microscope observations of conidium ontogeny of Sphaceloma murrayae on Salix. N Z J Bot.30(3):353-358.
Swart, L., Crous, P.W., Kang, J.-C., Mchau, G.R., Pascoe, I. and Palm, M.E. (2001). Differentiation of species of Elsinoe' associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology, symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny. Mycologia:366-379.
Swingle, W.T. and Webber, H.J. (1896) The principal diseases of citrous fruits in Florida:GPO.
Swofford, D.L. and Documentation, B. (1989). Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. and Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol.24(8):1596-1599.
Tan, M., Timmer, L., Broadbent, P., Priest, M. and Cain, P. (1996). Differentiation by molecular analysis of Elsinoe spp. causing scab diseases of citrus and its epidemiological implications. Phytopathology. 86(10):1039-1044.
Tiffany, L.H. and Mathre, J.H. (1961). A new species of Elsinoe on Panicum virgatum. Mycologia: 600-604.
Timmer, L., Priest, M., Broadbent, P. and Tan, M. (1996). Morphological and pathological characterization of species of Elsinoe causing scab diseases of citrus. Phytopathology.86(10):1032-1038.
Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (2000) Compendium of citrus diseases:American Phytopathological Society (APS Press).
van Burik, J.-A.H., Schreckhise, R.W., White, T.C., Bowden, R.A. and Myerson, D. (1998). Comparison of six extraction techniques for isolation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Med Mycol.36(5): 299-303.
Vilgalys, R. (1988). Genetic relatedness among anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia as measured by DNA/DNA hybridization. Phytopathology.78(6):698.
Volossiouk, T., Robb, E.J. and Nazar, R.N. (1995). Direct DNA extraction for PCR-mediated assays of soil organisms. Appl Environ Microbiol.61(11):3972-3976.
Wawer, C., Ruggeberg, H., Meyer, G. and Muyzer, G. (1995). A simple and rapid electrophoresis method to detect sequence variation in PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res.23(23):4928.
White, T.J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications.
Whiteside, J. (1975). Biological characteristics of Elsinoe fawcettii pertaining to the epidemiology of sour orange scab. Phytopathology.65:1170-1175.
Whiteside, J. (1978). Pathogenicity of two biotypes of Elsinoe fawcettii to sweet orange and some other cultivars. Phytopathology.68:1128-1131.
Yin, Y., Ding, L., Liu, X., Yang, J. and Ma, Z. (2009). Detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Planta by a Real-time PCR Assay. J Phytopathol.157(7-8):465-469.
Zeigler, R. and Lozano, J. (1983). The relationship of some Elsinoe and Sphaceloma species pathogenic on cassava and other Euphorbiaceae in Central and South America. Phytopathology.73(2):293-300.
Zhang, X.G., Han, T., He, Z.G., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, L., Rahman, K. and Qin, L.P. (2011). Genetic diversity of Centella asiatica in China analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: combination analysis with chemical diversity. Journal of Natural Medicines:1-7.
Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A. and Labuda, D. (1994). Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics.20(2):176-183.
中国柑橘学会(2008)中国柑橘品种：中国农业出版社.
中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室收藏标本(1970).
中国农业科学院果树研究所和中国农业科学院柑桔研究所(1994)中国果树病虫志(第二版)：中国农业出版社.
方中达(1998)植病研究方法(第三版)：中国农业出版社.
毛岚,宋培玲and杨家荣(2009).陕西关中棉花黄萎病菌遗传多样性的ISSR分析.西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版(5)：149-154.
牛永春(1995).真菌系统分类与鉴定中的新方法.北京林业大学学报.17(2)：93-98.
王金利,秦国夫,贺伟,赵俊and宋玉双(2003).葡萄座腔菌属及其相关真菌的系统学研究进展.中国森林病虫.22(3).
王建明,李蕊倩,畅引东,何瑞,李新风,徐玉梅and高俊明(2011).尖孢镰刀菌及芬芳镰刀菌遗传多样性的ISSR分析.植物病理学报.41(4)：337-344.
王清和(1940-1947)福建栽培植物病害名录.
石鹏阜和伍晚霞(1986).柑桔疮痂病流行原因浅析及新农药防治试验.湖北农业科学(4)：21-22.
刑来君and李明春.普通真菌学[Mj.北京：高等敦台f.
匡治州和许杨(2004).核糖体rDNA ITS序列在真菌学研究中的应用.生命的化学.24(2)：120-122.
朱有勇(2007)遗传多样性与作物病害持续控制Genetic diversity for crops diseases'sustainable management科学出版社.
朱凤美(1933).民国24年秋考察冀、鲁、苏、皖铁路沿线各地植病见闻录.农报.2：1233-1304.
汀西省农业厅植保植检处和江西农学院昆虫病理教研组(1960)江西农业病虫害志：江西人民出版社.
何予卿,张宇,孙梅,何光存,王松文and朱英国(2001).利用ISSR分子标记研究栽培稻和野生稻亲缘关系.农业生物技术学报.9(2)：123-127.
何婧(2010)玉米茎腐病病原菌分离鉴定与镰孢菌群体遗传多样性研究：新疆农业大学.
李海莲(2005)茄子黄萎病病原菌鉴定及其ISSR分子指纹分析[D]：南京：南京农业大学.
李蕊倩,何瑞,张跃兵,徐玉梅and王建明(2009).镰刀菌ISSR标记体系的建立及遗传多样性分析.中国农业科学.42(9)：3139-3146.
李红叶(2011)柑橘病害发生与防治.中国北京：中国农业出版社.
沈浩和刘登义(2001).遗传多样性概述.生物学杂志.18(003)：5-7.
谷守芹,范永山,李坡and董金皋(2009).玉米大斑病菌ISSR反应体系的优化和遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报.35(5)：427-432.
邢来君和李明春(1999)普通真菌学：高等教育出版社，
邢红梅,丁平,周晓云and王克荣(2008).红掌胶胞炭疽菌的分子检测.植物病理学报.38(2)：113-119.
周家炽和Jenkins, A.E. (1945). Elsinoe and sphaceloma diseases in Yunnan, China, Particularly hyacinth bean scab and scab of castor bean. Phytopathology.35:339-352.
林亮东(1937).中国真菌名录第一辑.中华农学会报：9-86.
林海龙(2003)利用SSCP研究大青杨和香杨的种间及种内群体遗传多样性：哈尔滨：东北林业大学.
邱华生(1994).经济有效防治柑桔疮痂病的措施.中国柑桔.23(1)：43.
宣继萍和章镇(2002).苹果品种ISSR指纹图谱构建.果树学报.19(6)：421-423.
段会军,张彩英,李喜焕,郭小敏and马峙英(2008).基于RAPD, ISSR和AFLP对西瓜枯萎病菌遗传多样性的评价.菌物学报.27(2)：267-276.
段硕和周常勇(2012).柑桔疮痂病研究进展.中国南方果树.41(5)：28-42.
凌立(1948)Host index of the parasitic fungi of szechwan, China. Disease Rep 173:1-38.
徐志(2010)我国部分麦区小麦白粉菌群体遗传多样性分析：福建农林大学.
曾勉之(1936).福建柑桔之观察.园艺.2(3)：420-444.
湖北省农业厅(1964)湖北省农作物主要病虫及其防治：湖北人民出版社.
葛永奇,邱英雄,丁炳扬and傅承新(2003).孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析.生物多样性.11(4)：276-287.
裘维蕃(1941).福建经济植物病害志.新农季刊.1：70-75,161-166,209-229.
廖洋生(1994).1994年柑桔疮痴病的流行原因和几点建议.江西柑桔科技(3)：24-25.
廖洋生(1995).对防治柑桔疮痂病的几点看法.中国柑桔.24(1)：48.
福建省农业厅植物保护处(1963)福建省农作物主要病虫害及其防治：福建人民出版社.
穆立蔷,刘赢男,冯富娟and杨国亭(2006).紫椴ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化.林业科学.42(6)：26-31.
戴芳澜(1941).云南经济之物之初步调查报告.清华大学农业研究所汇报第6号：1-36.
戴芳澜,相望年and郑儒永(1958)中国经济植物病原目录：科学出版社.
戴富明,刘少华,任小杰,陆金萍,倪秀红and徐敬友(2006).西瓜蔓枯病分子诊断技术研究.植物病理学报.36(5)：439-445.
魏景超和黄淑炜(1941)A check-list of fungi deposited in the mycological herbarium of the university of Nanking. Nanking J.9:329-372.
冯夏莲,何承忠,张志毅,安新民and王冬梅(2006).植物遗传多样性研究方法概述.西南林学院学报.26(001)：69-74.
涂治(1932)Notes on diseases of economic Plants in South China. Lingnan Sci.11:489-504.
刘万勃and刘富中(2002).RAPD和ISSR标记对甜瓜种质遗传多样性的研究.农业生物技术学报.10(3)：231-236.
刘先宝,林春花,蔡吉苗,蔡志英,李超萍and黄贵修(2011).橡胶树尖孢炭疽菌分子检测及遗传多态性分析.热带作物学报.32(2)：273-277.
刘钢和周与良(1995).真菌分类技术的进展.微生物学通报.22(6)：362-365.
刘铮和祁春节(2011).中外柑橘产业组织比较研究.世界农业(10)：30-33.
单杨(2008).中国柑橘工业的现状,发展趋势与对策.中国食品学报.8(1)：1-8.
吴友三(1947).闽、赣、浙三省果树病虫害调查报告.农报.12(6)：43-47.
广西僮族自治区农业厅,广西僮族自治区农业科学院and广西农学院(1964)广西农作物病虫害名录：广西僮族自治区人民出版社.
广东省农业厅植物检疫站(1955)广东省粤东地区柑桔病虫害初步调查总结.
广东省农业厅植物检疫站(1958)广东省对内植物检疫对象、危险病、虫、杂草发生分布名单.
张太奇和罗铎华(1994).赣粤边山区相桔疮痴病的发生与防治.中国柑桔.23(4)：28.
张传博和苏晓庆(2006).几种基于基因组DNA的真菌分类技术研究进展.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版).24(1)：113-119.
杨新美和陈冠球(1941).宜山几种重要作物病害之调查.病虫知识.1：19-24.
罗清泽(1941).邵武城郊植物病害之初步调查研究.协大农报.3：357-369.
蒋盛岩和张志光(2002).真菌的分子生物学鉴定方法研究进展.生物学通报.37(10)：4-6.
许利强,李涛and王克荣(2008).利用ISSR分析栗疫病菌群体遗传多样性.农业生物技术学报. 16(4)：701-705.
许志刚(2003)普通植物病理学(第三版)：中国农业出版社.
贾少锋,段霞瑜,周益林,鲁国东and王宗华(2008).小麦白粉菌ISSR分子标记体系构建及其分离菌株的多样性分析.植物保护学报.34(5)：493-499.
赵谦,杜虹and庄东红(2007)ISSR分子标记及其在植物研究中的应用.分子植物育种.5(F11)：123-129.
陈正坤(2010)我国柑橘出口比较优势及其可持续性研究：华中农业大学.
陈长卿,康振生,王晓杰,黄丽丽and左豫虎(2005).大豆疫霉的分子检测.西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版.33(008)：73-77.
韩加军,林英任,刘艳兵,于红梅and项艳(2008).散斑壳属ISSR-PCR反应条件的优化.微生物学杂志.28(1)：20-20.
黄亮(1943).广西柑橘类之病害.广西农讯.4：27-61.
Alcorn, J., Grice, K.R. and Peterson, R. (1999). Mango scab in Australia caused by Denticularia mangifeae (Bitanc. & Jenkins) comb. nov. Australasian Plant Pathology.28(2):115-119.
Alvarez, E., Mejia, J.F. and Valle, T.L. (2003). Molecular and pathogenicity characterization of Sphaceloma manihoticola isolates from south-central Brazil. Plant Dis.87(11):1322-1328.
Alvarez, E. and Molina, M.L. (2000). Characterizing the Sphaceloma fungus, causal agent of superelongation disease in cassava. Plant Dis.84(4):423-428.
Bayraktar, H., Dolar, F. and Maden, S. (2008). Use of RAPD and 1SSR markers in detection of genetic variation and population structure among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolates on chickpea in Turkey. J Phytopathol.156(3):146-154.
Benny, G.L. (1995). Classical morphology in zygomycete taxonomy. Canadian journal of botany.73(S1): 725-730.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1936a). Elsinoe fawcettii, the perfect stage of the Citrus scab fungus. Phytopathology.26(4):393-395.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1936b). Perfect stage of the Sweet Orange fruit scab fungus. Mycologia. 28(5):489-492.
Bitancourt, A.A. and Jenkins, A.E. (1937). Sweet orange fruit scab caused by Elsinoe australis. Journal of Agricultural Research(54):1-17.
Bornet, B. and Branchard, M. (2001). Nonanchored inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: reproducible and specific tools for genome fingerprinting. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 19(3):209-215.
Boyd, M., Carris, L. and Gray, P. (1998). Characterization of Tilletia goloskokovii and allied species. Mycologia:310-322.
Brunner, K., Kovalsky Paris, M.P., Paolino, G., Burstmayr, H., Lemmens, M., Berthiller, F., Schuhmacher, R., Krska, R. and Mach, R.L. (2009). A reference-gene-based quantitative PCR method as a tool to determine Fusarium resistance in wheat. Anal Bioanal Chem.395(5):1385-1394.
Bushong, P. and Timmer, L. (2000). Evaluation of postinfection control of citrus scab and melanose with benomyl, fenbuconazole, and azoxystrobin. Plant Dis.84(11):1246-1249.
Cao, T., Tewari, J. and Strelkov, S.E. (2007). Molecular detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot of crucifers, in plant and soil. Plant Dis.91(1):80-87.
Chung, K.R. (2011). Elsinoe fawcettii and Elsinoe australis:the fungal pathogens causing citrus scab. Mol Plant Pathol.12(2):123-135.
De Boer, S.H. and Lopez, M.M. (2012). New Grower-Friendly Methods for Plant Pathogen Monitoring*. Annu Rev Phytopathol.50:197-218.
Fang, D. and Roose, M. (1997). Identification of closely related citrus cultivars with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics.95(3):408-417.
Fawcett, G.L. (1920). La Verruga o "Scab" De Los Citrus. Rev Indus y Agr Tucuman 10:124-128.
Gabel, A. and Tiffany, L. (1987). Host-parasite relations and development of Elsinoe panici. Mycologia: 737-744.
Gardes, M. and Bruns, T. (1993). ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol.2(2):113-118.
Glass, N.L. and Donaldson, G.C. (1995). Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Appl Environ Microbiol.61(4): 1323-1330.
Grossnbacher, J. (1916). sour scab OF citrus in Florida, and its prevention. Phytopathology.6(2):127-142.
Hadidi, A. and Yang, X. (1990). Detection of pome fruit viroids by enzymatic cDNA amplification. J Virol Methods.30(3):261-269.
Hamada, M., Yin, Y. and Ma, Z. (2012). DETECTION OF RH1ZOCTONIA CEREALIS IN WHEAT TISSUES BY A REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY. J Plant Pathol.94(1):215-217.
Hawksworth, D.L. (1994). Ascomycete systematics(problems and perspectives in the nineties). NATO ASI series Series A:life sciences.
Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P., Sutton, B.C. and Pegler, D.N. (1996). Ainsworth & Bisby's dictionary of the fungi. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo.38(4):272-272.
Hazen, K.C. (1996). Methods for fungal identification in the clinical mycology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Newsl.18(18):137-141.
Hietala, A.M., Eikenes, M.. Kvaalen. H., Solheim, H. and Fossdal, C.G. (2003). Multiplex real-time PCR for monitoring Heterobasidion annosum colonization in Norway spruce clones that differ in disease resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol.69(8):4413-4420.
Hyun, J.W., Peres, N.A., Yi, S.Y., Timmer, L.W., Kim, K.S., Kwon, H.M. and Lim, H.C. (2007). Development of PCR Assays for the Identification of Species and Pathotypes of Elsinoe Causing Scab on Citrus. Plant Dis.91(7):865-870.
Hyun, J.W., Timmer, L., Lee, S.C., Yun, S.H., Ko, S.W. and Kim, K.S. (2001). Pathological characterization and molecular analysis of Elsinoe isolates causing scab diseases of citrus in Jeju island in Korea. Plant Dis.85(9):1013-1017.
Hyun, J.W., Yi, S.H., MacKenzie, S.J., Timmer, L.W.. Kim, K.S.. Kang, S.K., Kwon, H.M. and Lim, H.C. (2009). Pathotypes and Genetic Relationship of Worldwide Collections of Elsinoe spp. Causing Scab Diseases of Citrus. Phytopathology.99(6):721-728.
Jenkins, A.E. (1925). The Citrus scab fungus. Phytopathology.15(2):99-104.
Jenkins, A.E. (1931). Lima bean scab caused by Elsinoe. Journal of Agricultural Research(42):13-23.
Jenkins, A.E. (1933). A Sphaceloma attacking navel orange from Brazil. Phytopathology.23:538-545.
Jenkins, A.E. (1936). Australian citrus scab caused by Sphaceloma fawcettii scabiosa. Phytopathology.26: 195-197.
Jenkins, A.E. and Bitancourt, A. (1941). Revised descriptions of the genera Elsinoe and Sphaceloma. Mycologia.33(3):338-340.
Jenkins, A.E. and Bitancourt, A. A. (1942). Elsinoe in Uganda. Mycologia(34):318-321.
Kim, J., Takahashi, Y., Tanaka, R., Fukushima, K., Nishimura, K. and Miyaji, M. (2001). Identification and subtyping of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Mycoses. 44(5):157-165.
Kohn, L.M. (1992). Developing new characters for fungal systematics:an experimental approach for determining the rank of resolution. Mycologia:139-153.
Larkin, M., Blackshields, G.. Brown, N., Chenna, R., McGettigan. P., McWilliam, H., Valentin, F., Wallace, I., Wilm, A. and Lopez, R. (2007). Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics.23(21): 2947-2948.
Li, K., Rouse, D. and German, T. (1994). PCR primers that allow intergeneric differentiation of ascomycetes and their application to Verticillium spp. Appl Environ Microbiol.60(12): 4324-4331.
Lievens, B. and Thomma, B.P. (2005). Recent developments in pathogen detection arrays:implications for fungal plant pathogens and use in practice. Phytopathology.95(12):1374-1380.
Lihua, C., Shichang, X., Ruiming, L., Taiguo, L. and Wanquan, C. (2008). Early molecular diagnosis and detection of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Lett Appl Microbiol.46(5):501-506.
Maresca, B. and Kobayashi, G.S. (1994) Molecular biology of pathogenic fungi:a laboratory manual:Telos Pr.
Marmeisse, R., Debaud, J. and Casselton, L. (1992). DNA probes for species and strain identification in the ectomycorrhizal fungus< i> Hebeloma. Mycol Res.96(3):161-165.
Martins, M., Tenreiro, R. and Oliveira, M. (2003). Genetic relatedness of Portuguese almond cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers. Plant Cell Rep.22(1):71-78.
Menzies, J., Bakkeren, G., Matheson, F., Procunier, J. and Woods, S. (2003). Use of inter-simple sequence repeats and amplified fragment length polymorphisms to analyze genetic relationships among small grain-infecting species of Ustilago. Phytopathology.93(2):167-175.
Miller, J.H. and Jenkins, A.E. (1955). A new species of Elsinoe on southern magnolia. Mycologia.47(1): 104-108.
Mostafa, N., Omar, H., Tan, S.G. and Napis, S. (2011). Studies on the Genetic Variation of the Green Unicellular Alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) Obtained from Different Geographical Locations Using ISSR and RAPD Molecular Marker. Molecules.16(3):2599-2608.
Nelson, R.J., Baraoidan, M.R., Cruz, C.M.V., Yap, I.V., Leach, J.E., Mew, T.W. and Leung, H. (1994). Relationship between phylogeny and pathotype for the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Appl Environ Microbiol.60(9):3275-3283.
Prevost, A. and Wilkinson, M. (1999). A new system of comparing PCR primers applied to ISSR fingerprinting of potato cultivars. TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics.98(1):107-112.
Prihastuti, H., Cai, L., Chen, H., McKenzie, E. and Hyde, K. (2009). Characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with coffee berries in northern Thailand. Fungal Diversity.39:89.
Qi, M. and Yang, Y. (2002). Quantification of Magnaporthe grisea during infection of rice plants using real-time polymerase chain reaction and northern blot/phosphoimaging analyses. Phytopathology. 92(8):870-876.
Raciborski, M. (1900) Parasitische Algen und Pilze Java's:Botanisches Institut, Buitenzorg.
Reinking, O.A. (1919). Diseases of economic plants in southern China. Philipp Agric.8:105-135.
Reinking, O.A. (1921). Citrus diseases of the Philippines, southern China, Indo China and Siam. Philipp Agric.9:121-179.
Ridley, G. and Ramsfield, T. (2005). Elsinoe takoropuku sp. nov. infects twigs of Pittosporum tenuifolium in New Zealand. Mycologia.97(6):1362-1364.
Rohlf, F.J. (2000). Ntsys-Pc Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system version 2.1. Exeter Software, Setauket, NY [Links].
Sawada, K. (1919).台湾产菌类调查报告第一篇.台湾总督府农事试验场特别报告第19号：1-695.
Sawada, K. (1959) Descriptive Catalogue of Taiwan Fungi:College of Agriculture, Nat. Taiwan Univ.
Scarano, M.-T., Abbate, L., Ferrante, S., Lucretti, S. and Tusa, N. (2002). ISSR-PCR technique:a useful method for characterizing new allotetraploid somatic hybrids of mandarin. Plant Cell Rep.20(12): 1162-1166.
Schoch, C.L., Shoemaker, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Hambleton, S., Spatafora, J.W. and Crous, P.W. (2006). A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. Mycologia.98(6): 1041-1052.
Schubert, R., Bahnweg, G., Nechwatal, J., Jung, T., Cooke, D., Duncan, J., Muller-Starck, G., Langebartels, C. and Oβwald, W. (2008). Detection and quantification of Phytophthora species which are associated with root-rot diseases in European deciduous forests by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Eur J For Pathol.29(3):169-188.
Scribner, F.L. (1886). Notes on the orange leaf scab. BulTorrey Bot. Club 13:181-183.
Sharma, T. and Tewari, J. (1998). RAPD analysis of three< i> Alternaria species pathogenic to crucifers. Mycol Res.102(7):807-814.
Sivanesan, A. and Sutton, B. (1985). Microfungi on< i> Xanthorrhoea. Transactions of the British Mycological Society.85(2):239-255:
Spatafora, J.W. (1995). Ascomal evolution of filamentous ascomycetes:evidence from molecular data. Canadian journal of botany.73(S1):811-815.
Spiers, A. and Hopcroft, D. (1992). Some electron microscope observations of conidium ontogeny of Sphaceloma murrayae on Salix. N Z J Bot.30(3):353-358.
Swart, L., Crous, P.W., Kang, J.-C., Mchau, G.R., Pascoe, I. and Palm, M.E. (2001). Differentiation of species of Elsinoe' associated with scab disease of Proteaceae based on morphology, symptomatology, and ITS sequence phylogeny. Mycologia:366-379.
Swingle, W.T. and Webber, H.J. (1896) The principal diseases of citrous fruits in Florida:GPO.
Swofford, D.L. and Documentation, B. (1989). Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. and Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol.24(8):1596-1599.
Tan, M., Timmer, L., Broadbent, P., Priest, M. and Cain, P. (1996). Differentiation by molecular analysis of Elsinoe spp. causing scab diseases of citrus and its epidemiological implications. Phytopathology. 86(10):1039-1044.
Tiffany, L.H. and Mathre, J.H. (1961). A new species of Elsinoe on Panicum virgatum. Mycologia: 600-604.
Timmer, L., Priest, M., Broadbent, P. and Tan, M. (1996). Morphological and pathological characterization of species of Elsinoe causing scab diseases of citrus. Phytopathology.86(10):1032-1038.
Timmer, L.W., Garnsey, S.M. and Graham, J.H. (2000) Compendium of citrus diseases:American Phytopathological Society (APS Press).
van Burik, J.-A.H., Schreckhise, R.W., White, T.C., Bowden, R.A. and Myerson, D. (1998). Comparison of six extraction techniques for isolation of DNA from filamentous fungi. Med Mycol.36(5): 299-303.
Vilgalys, R. (1988). Genetic relatedness among anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia as measured by DNA/DNA hybridization. Phytopathology.78(6):698.
Volossiouk, T., Robb, E.J. and Nazar, R.N. (1995). Direct DNA extraction for PCR-mediated assays of soil organisms. Appl Environ Microbiol.61(11):3972-3976.
Wawer, C., Ruggeberg, H., Meyer, G. and Muyzer, G. (1995). A simple and rapid electrophoresis method to detect sequence variation in PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res.23(23):4928.
White, T.J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications.
Whiteside, J. (1975). Biological characteristics of Elsinoe fawcettii pertaining to the epidemiology of sour orange scab. Phytopathology.65:1170-1175.
Whiteside, J. (1978). Pathogenicity of two biotypes of Elsinoe fawcettii to sweet orange and some other cultivars. Phytopathology.68:1128-1131.
Yin, Y., Ding, L., Liu, X., Yang, J. and Ma, Z. (2009). Detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Planta by a Real-time PCR Assay. J Phytopathol.157(7-8):465-469.
Zeigler, R. and Lozano, J. (1983). The relationship of some Elsinoe and Sphaceloma species pathogenic on cassava and other Euphorbiaceae in Central and South America. Phytopathology.73(2):293-300.
Zhang, X.G., Han, T., He, Z.G., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, L., Rahman, K. and Qin, L.P. (2011). Genetic diversity of Centella asiatica in China analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers: combination analysis with chemical diversity. Journal of Natural Medicines:1-7.
Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A. and Labuda, D. (1994). Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics.20(2):176-183.
中国柑橘学会(2008)中国柑橘品种：中国农业出版社.
中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室收藏标本(1970).
中国农业科学院果树研究所和中国农业科学院柑桔研究所(1994)中国果树病虫志(第二版)：中国农业出版社.
方中达(1998)植病研究方法(第三版)：中国农业出版社.
毛岚,宋培玲and杨家荣(2009).陕西关中棉花黄萎病菌遗传多样性的ISSR分析.西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版(5)：149-154.
牛永春(1995).真菌系统分类与鉴定中的新方法.北京林业大学学报.17(2)：93-98.
王金利,秦国夫,贺伟,赵俊and宋玉双(2003).葡萄座腔菌属及其相关真菌的系统学研究进展.中国森林病虫.22(3).
王建明,李蕊倩,畅引东,何瑞,李新风,徐玉梅and高俊明(2011).尖孢镰刀菌及芬芳镰刀菌遗传多样性的ISSR分析.植物病理学报.41(4)：337-344.
王清和(1940-1947)福建栽培植物病害名录.
石鹏阜和伍晚霞(1986).柑桔疮痂病流行原因浅析及新农药防治试验.湖北农业科学(4)：21-22.
刑来君and李明春.普通真菌学[Mj.北京：高等敦台f.
匡治州和许杨(2004).核糖体rDNA ITS序列在真菌学研究中的应用.生命的化学.24(2)：120-122.
朱有勇(2007)遗传多样性与作物病害持续控制Genetic diversity for crops diseases'sustainable management科学出版社.
朱凤美(1933).民国24年秋考察冀、鲁、苏、皖铁路沿线各地植病见闻录.农报.2：1233-1304.
汀西省农业厅植保植检处和江西农学院昆虫病理教研组(1960)江西农业病虫害志：江西人民出版社.
何予卿,张宇,孙梅,何光存,王松文and朱英国(2001).利用ISSR分子标记研究栽培稻和野生稻亲缘关系.农业生物技术学报.9(2)：123-127.
何婧(2010)玉米茎腐病病原菌分离鉴定与镰孢菌群体遗传多样性研究：新疆农业大学.
李海莲(2005)茄子黄萎病病原菌鉴定及其ISSR分子指纹分析[D]：南京：南京农业大学.
李蕊倩,何瑞,张跃兵,徐玉梅and王建明(2009).镰刀菌ISSR标记体系的建立及遗传多样性分析.中国农业科学.42(9)：3139-3146.
李红叶(2011)柑橘病害发生与防治.中国北京：中国农业出版社.
沈浩和刘登义(2001).遗传多样性概述.生物学杂志.18(003)：5-7.
谷守芹,范永山,李坡and董金皋(2009).玉米大斑病菌ISSR反应体系的优化和遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报.35(5)：427-432.
邢来君和李明春(1999)普通真菌学：高等教育出版社，
邢红梅,丁平,周晓云and王克荣(2008).红掌胶胞炭疽菌的分子检测.植物病理学报.38(2)：113-119.
周家炽和Jenkins, A.E. (1945). Elsinoe and sphaceloma diseases in Yunnan, China, Particularly hyacinth bean scab and scab of castor bean. Phytopathology.35:339-352.
林亮东(1937).中国真菌名录第一辑.中华农学会报：9-86.
林海龙(2003)利用SSCP研究大青杨和香杨的种间及种内群体遗传多样性：哈尔滨：东北林业大学.
邱华生(1994).经济有效防治柑桔疮痂病的措施.中国柑桔.23(1)：43.
宣继萍和章镇(2002).苹果品种ISSR指纹图谱构建.果树学报.19(6)：421-423.
段会军,张彩英,李喜焕,郭小敏and马峙英(2008).基于RAPD, ISSR和AFLP对西瓜枯萎病菌遗传多样性的评价.菌物学报.27(2)：267-276.
段硕和周常勇(2012).柑桔疮痂病研究进展.中国南方果树.41(5)：28-42.
凌立(1948)Host index of the parasitic fungi of szechwan, China. Disease Rep 173:1-38.
徐志(2010)我国部分麦区小麦白粉菌群体遗传多样性分析：福建农林大学.
曾勉之(1936).福建柑桔之观察.园艺.2(3)：420-444.
湖北省农业厅(1964)湖北省农作物主要病虫及其防治：湖北人民出版社.
葛永奇,邱英雄,丁炳扬and傅承新(2003).孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析.生物多样性.11(4)：276-287.
裘维蕃(1941).福建经济植物病害志.新农季刊.1：70-75,161-166,209-229.
廖洋生(1994).1994年柑桔疮痴病的流行原因和几点建议.江西柑桔科技(3)：24-25.
廖洋生(1995).对防治柑桔疮痂病的几点看法.中国柑桔.24(1)：48.
福建省农业厅植物保护处(1963)福建省农作物主要病虫害及其防治：福建人民出版社.
穆立蔷,刘赢男,冯富娟and杨国亭(2006).紫椴ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化.林业科学.42(6)：26-31.
戴芳澜(1941).云南经济之物之初步调查报告.清华大学农业研究所汇报第6号：1-36.
戴芳澜,相望年and郑儒永(1958)中国经济植物病原目录：科学出版社.
戴富明,刘少华,任小杰,陆金萍,倪秀红and徐敬友(2006).西瓜蔓枯病分子诊断技术研究.植物病理学报.36(5)：439-445.
魏景超和黄淑炜(1941)A check-list of fungi deposited in the mycological herbarium of the university of Nanking. Nanking J.9:329-372.
冯夏莲,何承忠,张志毅,安新民and王冬梅(2006).植物遗传多样性研究方法概述.西南林学院学报.26(001)：69-74.
涂治(1932)Notes on diseases of economic Plants in South China. Lingnan Sci.11:489-504.
刘万勃and刘富中(2002).RAPD和ISSR标记对甜瓜种质遗传多样性的研究.农业生物技术学报.10(3)：231-236.
刘先宝,林春花,蔡吉苗,蔡志英,李超萍and黄贵修(2011).橡胶树尖孢炭疽菌分子检测及遗传多态性分析.热带作物学报.32(2)：273-277.
刘钢和周与良(1995).真菌分类技术的进展.微生物学通报.22(6)：362-365.
刘铮和祁春节(2011).中外柑橘产业组织比较研究.世界农业(10)：30-33.
单杨(2008).中国柑橘工业的现状,发展趋势与对策.中国食品学报.8(1)：1-8.
吴友三(1947).闽、赣、浙三省果树病虫害调查报告.农报.12(6)：43-47.
广西僮族自治区农业厅,广西僮族自治区农业科学院and广西农学院(1964)广西农作物病虫害名录：广西僮族自治区人民出版社.
广东省农业厅植物检疫站(1955)广东省粤东地区柑桔病虫害初步调查总结.
广东省农业厅植物检疫站(1958)广东省对内植物检疫对象、危险病、虫、杂草发生分布名单.
张太奇和罗铎华(1994).赣粤边山区相桔疮痴病的发生与防治.中国柑桔.23(4)：28.
张传博和苏晓庆(2006).几种基于基因组DNA的真菌分类技术研究进展.贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版).24(1)：113-119.
杨新美和陈冠球(1941).宜山几种重要作物病害之调查.病虫知识.1：19-24.
罗清泽(1941).邵武城郊植物病害之初步调查研究.协大农报.3：357-369.
蒋盛岩和张志光(2002).真菌的分子生物学鉴定方法研究进展.生物学通报.37(10)：4-6.
许利强,李涛and王克荣(2008).利用ISSR分析栗疫病菌群体遗传多样性.农业生物技术学报. 16(4)：701-705.
许志刚(2003)普通植物病理学(第三版)：中国农业出版社.
贾少锋,段霞瑜,周益林,鲁国东and王宗华(2008).小麦白粉菌ISSR分子标记体系构建及其分离菌株的多样性分析.植物保护学报.34(5)：493-499.
赵谦,杜虹and庄东红(2007)ISSR分子标记及其在植物研究中的应用.分子植物育种.5(F11)：123-129.
陈正坤(2010)我国柑橘出口比较优势及其可持续性研究：华中农业大学.
陈长卿,康振生,王晓杰,黄丽丽and左豫虎(2005).大豆疫霉的分子检测.西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版.33(008)：73-77.
韩加军,林英任,刘艳兵,于红梅and项艳(2008).散斑壳属ISSR-PCR反应条件的优化.微生物学杂志.28(1)：20-20.
黄亮(1943).广西柑橘类之病害.广西农讯.4：27-61.