四川茂县维城乡前、后山地质灾害危险性分析
|
摘要
汶川特大地震产生的震害历史罕见,尤其是沿着地表破裂带,房屋成带倒塌,由断层错动带来的地质灾害也随处可见。随着灾后重建进程的不断推进,地表破裂带附近的农居重建以及当地人们重要大型工程建设,都需要从地震地表破裂带及其附近震害调查入手,详细了解地震以地表破裂带附近地质灾害的特点。所以为保证当地居民人身财产和建筑物安全,研究维城地区地质灾害的变形破坏机理及发展趋则是很必要的,对防止次生灾害发生和灾区重建有重要意义。
另外,随着人类社会的不断发展,地质灾害时常威胁人们生活,例如滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害日益突出,威胁人们的生命财产安全。尤其是近几年来,随着西部大开发的进行,影响地质灾害的自然和人为因素也不断加剧,为此,国家拨出了大量的专款来治理地质灾害。在这样的背景下,对茂县维城乡前、后山地质灾害危险性进行分析就显得非常迫切和重要。
本文通过大比例尺工程地质测绘,分析危岩体结构、变形与河谷演化耦合关系后认为:
(1)前山危岩体变形是在软硬相间的层状反倾坡在河谷下切过程炭质千枚岩发生塑性变形导致上覆变质砂岩发生倾倒变形、在地震力作用下发生松动,形成平行临空面的长大拉裂缝,加之岩体破碎,震后危岩体逐渐崩塌解体正是在这种背景下产生的;分析前山危岩体结构、变形与河谷演化耦合关系后认为:前山危岩体变形是在软硬相间的层状反倾坡在河谷下切过程炭质千枚岩发生塑性变形导致上覆变质砂岩发生倾倒变形、在地震力作用下发生松动,形成平行临空面的长大拉裂缝,加之岩体破碎,震后危岩体逐渐崩塌解体正是在这种背景下产生的。
(2)对维城乡后山危岩体及堆积体结构进行了系统调查,认为后山堆积体为一古滑坡。滑坡形成前为一变质砂岩和千枚岩构成的顺向坡且顺坡面走向陡倾长大结构面发育,峡谷期河流的快速下蚀作用使斜坡前缘形成陡立临空面,重力作用下,坡体后缘顺层滑移拉裂并最终整体滑动形成古滑坡,本文运用理正软件搜索古滑坡潜在不稳定滑面,并对其稳定性进行计算和评价,认为其局部复活但整体处于稳定状态。
The Wenchuan Earthquake caused an infrequent damage in history,especially along the surface rupture zone,a large number of collapsed structures and geological disasters can be seen everywhere caused by surface permanent displacement.With the process of post-disaster reconstruction advancing,near the surface rupture zone,farmer-house reconstruction,as well as large industrial facilities, which are needed start from the field investigation of the Wenchuan rthquake surface rupture and the damage surrounding it,some aracteristics of seismic damaged buildings nearby the earthquake surface pture zone were described in detail.especially to avoid permanent displacement caused by seismic faults.So reasonable analysis of seismic hazard caused by surface permanent displacement is necessary.
With continuous development of human being society,people's life is threatened by geologic hazards. For example:landslide,devolution,debis flow,ground slit etc of geologic hazard have being increasingly take place and intimidate people's life.Especially recent years,with rapid progress of westward opening up,geologic hazards more and more pick up which are influenced by facters of nature and human being.In this background,it is very important that fatalness of geologic hazards of WeiCheng Town, Mao County are estimated.
Through large-scale engineering geological mapping, analysis of rock structure deformation coupled with the evolution of the relationship between valley. Such a conclusion can be drawn:
(1) plastic deformation of carbonaceous phyllite lead to dumping of deformation of overlying strata in alternating hard and soft slope of the layered anti-dumping during the valley downcutting and took place loose in the earthquake. Parallel overhead surface tensile cracks formed, plus rock breaking, physical disintegration of rock collapse occurred gradually in this context after the earthquake.
(2) Based on with emergency exporation after Wenchuan earthquake,by large-scale engineering geological mapping and drilling, the authors systematically investigated the accumulation body of Houshan in Weicheng town, considering that the accumulation body is an ancient landslide. The convest left bank in Weicheng used to be a consequent slope composed of metasandstone and phyllite before ancient landslide forming,under the role of the rapid river erosion in deep valley stage,the front part of the slope was cut into a steeply free face,under the action of the slope gravity,posterior edge of slope rupture and bedding slip,finally an ancient landslide happened. In this paper, Lizheng software was used to search for potential instability slip surface in the ancient landslide,calculation and evaluation on its stability show that the ancient landslide is active partly, but whole slope is stable.
另外,随着人类社会的不断发展,地质灾害时常威胁人们生活,例如滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害日益突出,威胁人们的生命财产安全。尤其是近几年来,随着西部大开发的进行,影响地质灾害的自然和人为因素也不断加剧,为此,国家拨出了大量的专款来治理地质灾害。在这样的背景下,对茂县维城乡前、后山地质灾害危险性进行分析就显得非常迫切和重要。
本文通过大比例尺工程地质测绘,分析危岩体结构、变形与河谷演化耦合关系后认为:
(1)前山危岩体变形是在软硬相间的层状反倾坡在河谷下切过程炭质千枚岩发生塑性变形导致上覆变质砂岩发生倾倒变形、在地震力作用下发生松动,形成平行临空面的长大拉裂缝,加之岩体破碎,震后危岩体逐渐崩塌解体正是在这种背景下产生的;分析前山危岩体结构、变形与河谷演化耦合关系后认为:前山危岩体变形是在软硬相间的层状反倾坡在河谷下切过程炭质千枚岩发生塑性变形导致上覆变质砂岩发生倾倒变形、在地震力作用下发生松动,形成平行临空面的长大拉裂缝,加之岩体破碎,震后危岩体逐渐崩塌解体正是在这种背景下产生的。
(2)对维城乡后山危岩体及堆积体结构进行了系统调查,认为后山堆积体为一古滑坡。滑坡形成前为一变质砂岩和千枚岩构成的顺向坡且顺坡面走向陡倾长大结构面发育,峡谷期河流的快速下蚀作用使斜坡前缘形成陡立临空面,重力作用下,坡体后缘顺层滑移拉裂并最终整体滑动形成古滑坡,本文运用理正软件搜索古滑坡潜在不稳定滑面,并对其稳定性进行计算和评价,认为其局部复活但整体处于稳定状态。
The Wenchuan Earthquake caused an infrequent damage in history,especially along the surface rupture zone,a large number of collapsed structures and geological disasters can be seen everywhere caused by surface permanent displacement.With the process of post-disaster reconstruction advancing,near the surface rupture zone,farmer-house reconstruction,as well as large industrial facilities, which are needed start from the field investigation of the Wenchuan rthquake surface rupture and the damage surrounding it,some aracteristics of seismic damaged buildings nearby the earthquake surface pture zone were described in detail.especially to avoid permanent displacement caused by seismic faults.So reasonable analysis of seismic hazard caused by surface permanent displacement is necessary.
With continuous development of human being society,people's life is threatened by geologic hazards. For example:landslide,devolution,debis flow,ground slit etc of geologic hazard have being increasingly take place and intimidate people's life.Especially recent years,with rapid progress of westward opening up,geologic hazards more and more pick up which are influenced by facters of nature and human being.In this background,it is very important that fatalness of geologic hazards of WeiCheng Town, Mao County are estimated.
Through large-scale engineering geological mapping, analysis of rock structure deformation coupled with the evolution of the relationship between valley. Such a conclusion can be drawn:
(1) plastic deformation of carbonaceous phyllite lead to dumping of deformation of overlying strata in alternating hard and soft slope of the layered anti-dumping during the valley downcutting and took place loose in the earthquake. Parallel overhead surface tensile cracks formed, plus rock breaking, physical disintegration of rock collapse occurred gradually in this context after the earthquake.
(2) Based on with emergency exporation after Wenchuan earthquake,by large-scale engineering geological mapping and drilling, the authors systematically investigated the accumulation body of Houshan in Weicheng town, considering that the accumulation body is an ancient landslide. The convest left bank in Weicheng used to be a consequent slope composed of metasandstone and phyllite before ancient landslide forming,under the role of the rapid river erosion in deep valley stage,the front part of the slope was cut into a steeply free face,under the action of the slope gravity,posterior edge of slope rupture and bedding slip,finally an ancient landslide happened. In this paper, Lizheng software was used to search for potential instability slip surface in the ancient landslide,calculation and evaluation on its stability show that the ancient landslide is active partly, but whole slope is stable.
引文
[1]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[2]骆银辉,胡斌,朱荣华,等.崩塌的形成机理与防治方法[J].西部探矿工程,2008,(12):1-3.
[3]张业成.中国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害基本特征与防治途径[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1993,4(1):11-18.
[4]王运生,罗永红,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报, 2008,16(6):759-763.
[5]《滑坡防治工程勘查规范》(DZ/T0218-2006) [S].中国标准出版社,2006-01-01出版.
[6]《滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规范》(中华人民共和国国土资源部行业标准,DZ/T0219-2006) [S].中国标准出版社,2006-01-01出版.
[7]《工程地质手册》(第4版)-2007 [S].《工程地质手册》编委会编,中国建筑工业出版社,2007-2-1出版.
[8]赵纪生,魏景芝.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术,2008,(4):379-383.
[9]李玉倩,李渝生,杨晓芳.某水电站边坡倾倒变形破坏模式及形成机制探讨[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2008,(3):39-46.
[10] R.B.Attewell and I.W.Farmer《principles of Engineering Geology)),John WiIey and Sons,Inc.,NewYork,1976.
[11] E.Hoek and J.W.Bray《RockSlopeEngineering》The institution of Mining and Metallurgy,London,1977.
[12]黄润秋,许强等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M]。北京:科学出版社.2008。
[13]肖进,许强,曾裕平.文家梁古滑坡形成机制及稳定性分析。路基工程.2007年第期.
[14]罗超俊.公路边坡滑坡稳定性分析.中国科技信息.2005年第18期.
[15]梁利喜,许强,刘天翔,汤明高,范宣梅.四川某滑坡成因机制分析及稳定性评价研究.水土保持研究.2007年02期.
[16]赵纪生,魏景芝.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术.2008,(4):379-383.
[17]高雄鹰.浅析滑坡生成的地质条件.四川建筑.2004年03期.
[18]《建筑边坡工程技术规范》(GB-50330-2002)第8-9页.
[19]旷镇国,重庆市中区危岩崩塌特征、形成机制及防治研究明.中国地质灾害与防治学报.1995,9.
[20]张伟峰.危岩体危险性评价及防治对策研究.[D].成都:成都理工大学.2006.
[21]王立人,宋克强.崩塌的形成和危岩体稳定性分析[J].西北水利发电.1990,3.
[22]陈洪凯,唐红梅,王蓉.三峡库区危岩体稳定性计算方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2004,4.
[23]孙云志等.奉节李子娅危岩体稳定性研究[J].人民长江.1994,9.
[24]王卫华,李夕兵.离散元法及其在岩土工程中的应用综述[J].岩土工程技术.2005,8
[25] A.K.Pachauri , P.V.Gupta, R.Chander.Landslide zoning in a part of the Garhwal Himalayas.EnvironmentalGeology.1998,36(3-4).
[26]谢全敏,夏元友.危岩块体稳定性的综合评价方法分析[J].岩土力学.2002,12.
[27]夏元友等.用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡的安全系数[J].工程地质学报.1998,6.
[28]马寅生、张业成等.地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法[J].地质力学学报.2004,3.
[29]陈智强,李渝生.重庆市南川颤子岩危岩形成演化机制分析及防治措施探讨[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004.
[30]罗元华,张梁,张也成.地质灾害风险评估方法[M].北京:地质出版社.1998.
[31]朱正武,李红超.高陡危岩边坡的综合治理[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程,2001.
[32]张梁,张业成,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[Ml.北京:地质出版社.1998.
[33]殷坤龙,柳源.滑坡灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2000,11.
[34]莫健.地质灾害危险性评价研究综述[J].西部探矿工程,2005.
[35]陈洪凯等.三峡水库区危岩研究及防治新理念[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2004,7
[36].吴亚子.山区公路地质灾害危险性评估方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学硕士学位论文.2005
[37]陈洪凯,欧阳仲春.三峡库区危岩综合治理技术及应用[J].2002,6.
[38]唐红梅、易朋莹.危岩落石运动路径研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报.2003,2.
[39]亚南、王兰生、赵其华等.崩塌落石运动学的模拟研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996,6.
[40]赵旭、刘汉东.运动学在边坡落石计算中的应用[J].华北水利水电学院学报.2004,6.
[41]马永潮编著.滑坡整治及防治工程养护.铁道出版社,1996.
[42] United Nations,Department of Humanitarian Affairs Mitigating natural disasters:phenomen,effeets and options[A].AManual for plicy and planners [M]New Yord:United Nations:1991.1-164.
[43]张业成,张梁,论地质灾害风险评价.[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996.9. [44l]张梁,张业成,关于地质灾害涵义及其分类的探讨.[J].中国地质灾害与防治学.1994.10.
[45]罗元华.论自然灾害的基本属性与减灾基本原则.[J].中国地质灾害与防治报.1997.3.
[2]骆银辉,胡斌,朱荣华,等.崩塌的形成机理与防治方法[J].西部探矿工程,2008,(12):1-3.
[3]张业成.中国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害基本特征与防治途径[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1993,4(1):11-18.
[4]王运生,罗永红,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报, 2008,16(6):759-763.
[5]《滑坡防治工程勘查规范》(DZ/T0218-2006) [S].中国标准出版社,2006-01-01出版.
[6]《滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规范》(中华人民共和国国土资源部行业标准,DZ/T0219-2006) [S].中国标准出版社,2006-01-01出版.
[7]《工程地质手册》(第4版)-2007 [S].《工程地质手册》编委会编,中国建筑工业出版社,2007-2-1出版.
[8]赵纪生,魏景芝.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术,2008,(4):379-383.
[9]李玉倩,李渝生,杨晓芳.某水电站边坡倾倒变形破坏模式及形成机制探讨[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2008,(3):39-46.
[10] R.B.Attewell and I.W.Farmer《principles of Engineering Geology)),John WiIey and Sons,Inc.,NewYork,1976.
[11] E.Hoek and J.W.Bray《RockSlopeEngineering》The institution of Mining and Metallurgy,London,1977.
[12]黄润秋,许强等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M]。北京:科学出版社.2008。
[13]肖进,许强,曾裕平.文家梁古滑坡形成机制及稳定性分析。路基工程.2007年第期.
[14]罗超俊.公路边坡滑坡稳定性分析.中国科技信息.2005年第18期.
[15]梁利喜,许强,刘天翔,汤明高,范宣梅.四川某滑坡成因机制分析及稳定性评价研究.水土保持研究.2007年02期.
[16]赵纪生,魏景芝.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术.2008,(4):379-383.
[17]高雄鹰.浅析滑坡生成的地质条件.四川建筑.2004年03期.
[18]《建筑边坡工程技术规范》(GB-50330-2002)第8-9页.
[19]旷镇国,重庆市中区危岩崩塌特征、形成机制及防治研究明.中国地质灾害与防治学报.1995,9.
[20]张伟峰.危岩体危险性评价及防治对策研究.[D].成都:成都理工大学.2006.
[21]王立人,宋克强.崩塌的形成和危岩体稳定性分析[J].西北水利发电.1990,3.
[22]陈洪凯,唐红梅,王蓉.三峡库区危岩体稳定性计算方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2004,4.
[23]孙云志等.奉节李子娅危岩体稳定性研究[J].人民长江.1994,9.
[24]王卫华,李夕兵.离散元法及其在岩土工程中的应用综述[J].岩土工程技术.2005,8
[25] A.K.Pachauri , P.V.Gupta, R.Chander.Landslide zoning in a part of the Garhwal Himalayas.EnvironmentalGeology.1998,36(3-4).
[26]谢全敏,夏元友.危岩块体稳定性的综合评价方法分析[J].岩土力学.2002,12.
[27]夏元友等.用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡的安全系数[J].工程地质学报.1998,6.
[28]马寅生、张业成等.地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法[J].地质力学学报.2004,3.
[29]陈智强,李渝生.重庆市南川颤子岩危岩形成演化机制分析及防治措施探讨[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004.
[30]罗元华,张梁,张也成.地质灾害风险评估方法[M].北京:地质出版社.1998.
[31]朱正武,李红超.高陡危岩边坡的综合治理[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程,2001.
[32]张梁,张业成,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[Ml.北京:地质出版社.1998.
[33]殷坤龙,柳源.滑坡灾害区划系统研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2000,11.
[34]莫健.地质灾害危险性评价研究综述[J].西部探矿工程,2005.
[35]陈洪凯等.三峡水库区危岩研究及防治新理念[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报.2004,7
[36].吴亚子.山区公路地质灾害危险性评估方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学硕士学位论文.2005
[37]陈洪凯,欧阳仲春.三峡库区危岩综合治理技术及应用[J].2002,6.
[38]唐红梅、易朋莹.危岩落石运动路径研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报.2003,2.
[39]亚南、王兰生、赵其华等.崩塌落石运动学的模拟研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996,6.
[40]赵旭、刘汉东.运动学在边坡落石计算中的应用[J].华北水利水电学院学报.2004,6.
[41]马永潮编著.滑坡整治及防治工程养护.铁道出版社,1996.
[42] United Nations,Department of Humanitarian Affairs Mitigating natural disasters:phenomen,effeets and options[A].AManual for plicy and planners [M]New Yord:United Nations:1991.1-164.
[43]张业成,张梁,论地质灾害风险评价.[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996.9. [44l]张梁,张业成,关于地质灾害涵义及其分类的探讨.[J].中国地质灾害与防治学.1994.10.
[45]罗元华.论自然灾害的基本属性与减灾基本原则.[J].中国地质灾害与防治报.1997.3.