落石冲击对隧道明洞结构的影响研究
|
摘要
随着我国西部大开发的深入推进,高速铁路、公路隧道向山区不断延伸,隧道洞口段落石灾害问题日益突出,成为影响列车安全运行的主要因素之一。因此开展落石冲击对隧道明洞结构的影响研究具有重要的工程意义和价值。
本文以高速铁路或公路隧道上运用较多的明洞结构作为研究对象,通过分析落石的运动特征和冲击荷载的计算方法,采用数值模拟和模型试验两种方法,系统地分析了落石形状、质量、下落高度、坡度等因素对落石冲击力、冲击能量、速度和试验模型结构的影响,并结合具体的工程项目进行模拟分析,为防落石明洞结构的设计提供参考依据。
首先,根据落石和坡面系统结构特征进行简化,将落石简化成由多个小球组成的立方体,坡面简化成单面坡,运用三维离散元方法进行建模,通过与国内外现场和室内试验所得的落石自由落体运动冲击力计算方法对比分析确定模型的有关计算参数。然后,根据确定的计算参数,用PFC3D离散元方法建模分析了坡度、落石形状、下落高度和质量的变化对立方体落石冲击隧道明洞结构的动力影响特点,主要包括冲击力、冲击速度、冲击能量的变化规律。最后,结合实际工程,运用三维离散元方法分析了隧道出口仰坡危岩落石冲击对隧道明洞结构影响。
采用室内模型试验方法,分析了在不同落石形状、质量、下落高度、坡面形式、坡度条件下,落石冲击引起隧道结构应变、加速度、拱顶位移的变化,并进行全面的分析,总结出落石冲击对明洞结构的影响规律。
With the development of the west regions in China advancing exquisitely, the tunnels on high speed railway or on highway are continuously constructed in mountain areas, and the problem of rockfall at the tunnel portal section is becoming prominent, which becomes one of the main factors affecting the safe operation of trains. Therefore, it is of great meaning and value to study the impact of rockfall on the open cut tunnel structure.
This thesis aims to research on the open cut tunnel structure widely used on high speed railway or highway.Through the analysis of the motion characteristics of falling rock and the calculation methods of impact load, using the method of numerical simulation and model test.the influences of the shape, quality, drop height and slope of rockfall on the impact force, force energy, speed and the structure of model are systematically studied. And the simulation analysis is conducted for the specific engineering project, which provides the reference for the design of open cut tunnel to prevent rockfall.
First, according to the structural characteristics of falling rock and slope system, the falling rock is simplified as a cube composed of a host of balls, while the slope is simplified as a one-sided slope. The related calculation parameters are determined by modeling the rockfall with three dimensional discrete element method compared to the calculation method for the impact force from the motion of a free falling body of falling rock obtained by in-situ test or laboratory test at home and abroad. On this basis, the dynamic effects of the changing slope and the varying shapes, falling heights and qualities of falling rock on the open cut tunnel structure, including the change rule of impact force, impact velocity and impact energy are analyzed by means of PFC3D discrete element method. Also in combination with the actual project, the influence of the crag and rockfall on the slope of tunnel exit on the open cut tunnel structure.
Based on the laboratory model tests, it is suggested that the impact of falling rock with different shapes and masses of falling rock, falling heights, slope patterns and slope conditions leads to the variations of the strain, acceleration, vault displacement of the tunnel structure. And the effect law of rockfall on the open cut tunnel structure is summarized through rounded analysis.
本文以高速铁路或公路隧道上运用较多的明洞结构作为研究对象,通过分析落石的运动特征和冲击荷载的计算方法,采用数值模拟和模型试验两种方法,系统地分析了落石形状、质量、下落高度、坡度等因素对落石冲击力、冲击能量、速度和试验模型结构的影响,并结合具体的工程项目进行模拟分析,为防落石明洞结构的设计提供参考依据。
首先,根据落石和坡面系统结构特征进行简化,将落石简化成由多个小球组成的立方体,坡面简化成单面坡,运用三维离散元方法进行建模,通过与国内外现场和室内试验所得的落石自由落体运动冲击力计算方法对比分析确定模型的有关计算参数。然后,根据确定的计算参数,用PFC3D离散元方法建模分析了坡度、落石形状、下落高度和质量的变化对立方体落石冲击隧道明洞结构的动力影响特点,主要包括冲击力、冲击速度、冲击能量的变化规律。最后,结合实际工程,运用三维离散元方法分析了隧道出口仰坡危岩落石冲击对隧道明洞结构影响。
采用室内模型试验方法,分析了在不同落石形状、质量、下落高度、坡面形式、坡度条件下,落石冲击引起隧道结构应变、加速度、拱顶位移的变化,并进行全面的分析,总结出落石冲击对明洞结构的影响规律。
With the development of the west regions in China advancing exquisitely, the tunnels on high speed railway or on highway are continuously constructed in mountain areas, and the problem of rockfall at the tunnel portal section is becoming prominent, which becomes one of the main factors affecting the safe operation of trains. Therefore, it is of great meaning and value to study the impact of rockfall on the open cut tunnel structure.
This thesis aims to research on the open cut tunnel structure widely used on high speed railway or highway.Through the analysis of the motion characteristics of falling rock and the calculation methods of impact load, using the method of numerical simulation and model test.the influences of the shape, quality, drop height and slope of rockfall on the impact force, force energy, speed and the structure of model are systematically studied. And the simulation analysis is conducted for the specific engineering project, which provides the reference for the design of open cut tunnel to prevent rockfall.
First, according to the structural characteristics of falling rock and slope system, the falling rock is simplified as a cube composed of a host of balls, while the slope is simplified as a one-sided slope. The related calculation parameters are determined by modeling the rockfall with three dimensional discrete element method compared to the calculation method for the impact force from the motion of a free falling body of falling rock obtained by in-situ test or laboratory test at home and abroad. On this basis, the dynamic effects of the changing slope and the varying shapes, falling heights and qualities of falling rock on the open cut tunnel structure, including the change rule of impact force, impact velocity and impact energy are analyzed by means of PFC3D discrete element method. Also in combination with the actual project, the influence of the crag and rockfall on the slope of tunnel exit on the open cut tunnel structure.
Based on the laboratory model tests, it is suggested that the impact of falling rock with different shapes and masses of falling rock, falling heights, slope patterns and slope conditions leads to the variations of the strain, acceleration, vault displacement of the tunnel structure. And the effect law of rockfall on the open cut tunnel structure is summarized through rounded analysis.
引文
[1]向欣.边坡落石运动特性及碰撞冲击作用研究[D],中国地质大学,2010.
[2]何川,佘健.高速公路隧道维修与加固[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[3]Richards J.A, Inspection. maintenance and repair of tunnels:international lessons and practice[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(4):369-375.
[4]关宝树.隧道维修管理要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2004.
[5]Toshihiro Asakura, Yoshiyuki Kojima. Tunnel maintenance in Japan[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2003,18(2):161-169.
[6]杨新安,黄宏伟.隧道病害与防治]M].上海：同济大学出版社,2003.
[7]叶四桥.隧道洞口段落石灾害研究与防治[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[8]孟晖,胡海涛.我国主要人类工程活动引起的滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害[J].工程地质学报.1996,4(4)：69-74.
[9]孟祥连.宝成铁路109隧道震灾特征及抢险整治措施[J].铁道工程学报,2009,6：91-94.
[10]李现宾.拱桥一框架棚洞在落石病害整治中的应用[J].西部探矿工程.2004,10：198-199.
[11]杨国强,袁忠堂.赣东北队多招并用铁路危岩牢牢锁住[N].地质勘查导报2版.2006.6.24.
[12]王夙志.宜万铁路巴东段高阳寨隧道岩崩[N],三峡日报,2007-11-21.
[13]杨梦蛟.汶川大地震既有铁路桥隧建筑物震害情况与思考[J].中国铁道学会2008年度优秀学术论文评选一等奖论文,2009-04-01：118-132.
[14]李乔,赵世春等.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.
[15]史先伟.客运专线高陡边坡洞门及缓冲结构设计[J].铁道建筑技术,2012
[16]张剑.山区高速铁路隧道间桥隧连接结构探讨[J].铁道工程学报.2011(8)：62-68.
[17]王玉锁.柔性棚洞落石冲击计算[R].成都：西南交通大学,2011.
[18]中华人民共和国行业标准.京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定.中华人民共和国铁道部,2003
[19]王玉锁.高速铁路洞口段危岩落石运动轨迹及冲击特性研究[J].学术动态,2011
[20]石锐华,李伟.高速铁路的灾害防护设计[J].铁道工程学报,2008,117(6)：6-10.
[21]赵鹏.我国高速铁路安全保障系统研究[J].铁道学报,1996,18(增)：114-117
[22]铁道第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999.
[23]荆宏远.落石冲击下浅埋管道动力学响应分析与模拟[D].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[24]罗群.危岩崩塌冲击作用下埋地钢质管道响应研究[D].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉),2009.
[25]Kawahara S, Muro T. Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43(3):329-340.
[26]杨其新,关宝树.落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究[J]。铁道学报,1996(01)：101-106.
[27]Pichler B, Hellmich C, Mang H. Determination of the indentation resistance of gravel as the basis for safety prognoses of gravel-buried steel pipelines subjected to rockfall[J].2005.
[28]Labiouse V, Heidenreich B. Half-scale experimental study of rockfall impacts on sandy slopes[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences.2009(9):1981-1993.
[29]Plassiard J, Donze F. Rockfall impact parameters on embankments:A discrete element method analysis[J]. Structural Engineering International.2009,19(3):333-341.
[30]邓学晶,薛世峰,全兴华.崩滑岩体对埋地管线横向冲击作用的数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报.2009,33(6)：111-116.
[31]张海,刘蕊,王秀存等.坠落物体产生的冲击荷载对海底管线的损伤分析[J].海洋技术.2008,27(1)：77-80.
[32]叶四桥,陈洪凯,唐红梅.落石冲击力的计算方法[J].中国铁道科学。2010,37(2)：59-64.
[33]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG D70-2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[34]铁道第二勘察设计院.TB1003-2005铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2005.
[35]Labiouse V, Descoeudres F, Montani S. Experimental study of rock sheds impacted by rock blocks[J]. Struct. Eng. Int,1996,3(1):171-175.
[36]Pichler B, Hellmich C, Mang H A. Impact of rocks onto Gravel Design and evaluation of experiments[J]. International journal of impact engineering,2005,31 (5):559-578.
137] Mougin, Perrotin, Monmmessin, et al. Rock fall impact on reinforced concrete slab:an experimental approach [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(2):169-18.
[38]Delhomme F, Mommessinm M, Mougin J P, et al. Behavior of a structurally dissipating rock-shed: experimental analysis and study of punching effects [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005,42(14):4204-4219.
[39]Roncoc,Oggeric, Peilad. Design of reinforced ground embankments used for rockfall protection [J]. Natural Hazards Earth System Science,2009,9(4):1189-1199.
[40]Kishin, Konnoh,Ikedak. et al. Prototype impact tests on ultimate impact resistance of PC rock-sheds [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2002,27(9):969-985.
[41]何思明,吴永,李新坡.滚石冲击碰撞恢复系数研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3)：623-627.
[42]何思明,吴永,杨雪莲.滚石坡面冲击回弹规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,7(增刊1)：2793--2798.
[43]何思明.滚石冲击荷载作用下土体初始屈服特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,7(增刊1)：2973-2977.
[44]何思明.滚石对防护结构的冲击压力计算[J].工程力学,2010,27(9)：175-180.
[45]何思明,沈均,吴永.滚石冲击荷载下棚洞结构动力响应.岩土力学,第32卷第3期,2011年3期：781-788.
[46]Wang Yusuo, Zhang Keyue, Tang Jianhui, Liang Dong. Model test research of the influences of rock-fall impaction on accelerations of the cut-and-cover tunnel structure[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 117-119, p 206-211,2012, Materials and Computational Mechanics.
[47]Wang Yusuo, Tang Jianhui, Yan Tao, Zhao Jumei. Model test investigation of rock-fall impaction to cut-and-cover tunnel arch structure[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 90-93, p 2492-2499,2011, Advances in Civil Engineering.
[48]Wang Yusuo, Zhao Jumei, Tang Jianhui, Li Guoqing. Model test research of the influences of rock-fall impaction on deformation of the cut-and-cover tunnel structure[J]. Advanced Materials Research, v 368-373, p 2716-2721,2012, Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture Innovation.
[49]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院.公路路基设计规范[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[50]郑智能,张永兴,董强,凌天清.边坡落石灾害的颗粒流模拟方法,中国地质灾害与防治学报[J],2008.
[2]何川,佘健.高速公路隧道维修与加固[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[3]Richards J.A, Inspection. maintenance and repair of tunnels:international lessons and practice[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(4):369-375.
[4]关宝树.隧道维修管理要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2004.
[5]Toshihiro Asakura, Yoshiyuki Kojima. Tunnel maintenance in Japan[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2003,18(2):161-169.
[6]杨新安,黄宏伟.隧道病害与防治]M].上海：同济大学出版社,2003.
[7]叶四桥.隧道洞口段落石灾害研究与防治[D].西南交通大学,2008.
[8]孟晖,胡海涛.我国主要人类工程活动引起的滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害[J].工程地质学报.1996,4(4)：69-74.
[9]孟祥连.宝成铁路109隧道震灾特征及抢险整治措施[J].铁道工程学报,2009,6：91-94.
[10]李现宾.拱桥一框架棚洞在落石病害整治中的应用[J].西部探矿工程.2004,10：198-199.
[11]杨国强,袁忠堂.赣东北队多招并用铁路危岩牢牢锁住[N].地质勘查导报2版.2006.6.24.
[12]王夙志.宜万铁路巴东段高阳寨隧道岩崩[N],三峡日报,2007-11-21.
[13]杨梦蛟.汶川大地震既有铁路桥隧建筑物震害情况与思考[J].中国铁道学会2008年度优秀学术论文评选一等奖论文,2009-04-01：118-132.
[14]李乔,赵世春等.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.
[15]史先伟.客运专线高陡边坡洞门及缓冲结构设计[J].铁道建筑技术,2012
[16]张剑.山区高速铁路隧道间桥隧连接结构探讨[J].铁道工程学报.2011(8)：62-68.
[17]王玉锁.柔性棚洞落石冲击计算[R].成都：西南交通大学,2011.
[18]中华人民共和国行业标准.京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定.中华人民共和国铁道部,2003
[19]王玉锁.高速铁路洞口段危岩落石运动轨迹及冲击特性研究[J].学术动态,2011
[20]石锐华,李伟.高速铁路的灾害防护设计[J].铁道工程学报,2008,117(6)：6-10.
[21]赵鹏.我国高速铁路安全保障系统研究[J].铁道学报,1996,18(增)：114-117
[22]铁道第二勘测设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999.
[23]荆宏远.落石冲击下浅埋管道动力学响应分析与模拟[D].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉),2007.
[24]罗群.危岩崩塌冲击作用下埋地钢质管道响应研究[D].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉),2009.
[25]Kawahara S, Muro T. Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2006,43(3):329-340.
[26]杨其新,关宝树.落石冲击力计算方法的试验研究[J]。铁道学报,1996(01)：101-106.
[27]Pichler B, Hellmich C, Mang H. Determination of the indentation resistance of gravel as the basis for safety prognoses of gravel-buried steel pipelines subjected to rockfall[J].2005.
[28]Labiouse V, Heidenreich B. Half-scale experimental study of rockfall impacts on sandy slopes[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences.2009(9):1981-1993.
[29]Plassiard J, Donze F. Rockfall impact parameters on embankments:A discrete element method analysis[J]. Structural Engineering International.2009,19(3):333-341.
[30]邓学晶,薛世峰,全兴华.崩滑岩体对埋地管线横向冲击作用的数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报.2009,33(6)：111-116.
[31]张海,刘蕊,王秀存等.坠落物体产生的冲击荷载对海底管线的损伤分析[J].海洋技术.2008,27(1)：77-80.
[32]叶四桥,陈洪凯,唐红梅.落石冲击力的计算方法[J].中国铁道科学。2010,37(2)：59-64.
[33]重庆交通科研设计院.JTG D70-2004公路隧道设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[34]铁道第二勘察设计院.TB1003-2005铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2005.
[35]Labiouse V, Descoeudres F, Montani S. Experimental study of rock sheds impacted by rock blocks[J]. Struct. Eng. Int,1996,3(1):171-175.
[36]Pichler B, Hellmich C, Mang H A. Impact of rocks onto Gravel Design and evaluation of experiments[J]. International journal of impact engineering,2005,31 (5):559-578.
137] Mougin, Perrotin, Monmmessin, et al. Rock fall impact on reinforced concrete slab:an experimental approach [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2005,31(2):169-18.
[38]Delhomme F, Mommessinm M, Mougin J P, et al. Behavior of a structurally dissipating rock-shed: experimental analysis and study of punching effects [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005,42(14):4204-4219.
[39]Roncoc,Oggeric, Peilad. Design of reinforced ground embankments used for rockfall protection [J]. Natural Hazards Earth System Science,2009,9(4):1189-1199.
[40]Kishin, Konnoh,Ikedak. et al. Prototype impact tests on ultimate impact resistance of PC rock-sheds [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2002,27(9):969-985.
[41]何思明,吴永,李新坡.滚石冲击碰撞恢复系数研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3)：623-627.
[42]何思明,吴永,杨雪莲.滚石坡面冲击回弹规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,7(增刊1)：2793--2798.
[43]何思明.滚石冲击荷载作用下土体初始屈服特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,7(增刊1)：2973-2977.
[44]何思明.滚石对防护结构的冲击压力计算[J].工程力学,2010,27(9)：175-180.
[45]何思明,沈均,吴永.滚石冲击荷载下棚洞结构动力响应.岩土力学,第32卷第3期,2011年3期：781-788.
[46]Wang Yusuo, Zhang Keyue, Tang Jianhui, Liang Dong. Model test research of the influences of rock-fall impaction on accelerations of the cut-and-cover tunnel structure[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 117-119, p 206-211,2012, Materials and Computational Mechanics.
[47]Wang Yusuo, Tang Jianhui, Yan Tao, Zhao Jumei. Model test investigation of rock-fall impaction to cut-and-cover tunnel arch structure[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 90-93, p 2492-2499,2011, Advances in Civil Engineering.
[48]Wang Yusuo, Zhao Jumei, Tang Jianhui, Li Guoqing. Model test research of the influences of rock-fall impaction on deformation of the cut-and-cover tunnel structure[J]. Advanced Materials Research, v 368-373, p 2716-2721,2012, Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture Innovation.
[49]中交第二公路勘察设计研究院.公路路基设计规范[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[50]郑智能,张永兴,董强,凌天清.边坡落石灾害的颗粒流模拟方法,中国地质灾害与防治学报[J],2008.