特种DC/DC变换器的研究与应用
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摘要
本文根据DC/DC变换器技术的基本原理,结合抽油机变频群控系统公共直流母线的直流电压高、大幅度波动特点及整个系统对电压等级和路数的要求,选择合适的DC/DC变换器拓扑结构,设计了适用于这种特殊场合的开关电源。
首先,研究了单端反激式变换器拓扑结构,并采用此结构设计出适合于该场合下的开关电源。为了使电源的动态响应速度快,设计的闭环补偿网路参数达到最优,分析了各个环节的传递函数,并结合峰值电流控制与光耦小信号的精确模型,利用MATLAB确定补偿网路参数,同时给出反激式变压器的设计、RCD缓冲电路参数的选取流程及在PCB布线中减少电源对外围电路电磁干扰的具体措施。
其次,研究并设计了一种混合级联型拓扑结构,实现多路电压输出,基本思想是先稳压再变换。前级变换器采用Buck三电平变换器,它与Buck相比具有可减少滤波电感、电容的体积,纹波电压小的优点。为得到较好的控制效果,建立了状态空间模型,并利用MATLAB确定外围补偿网路的参数。后级电路采用了正激变换器结构,提出了一种有源箝位的方案,节省了单端正激式变压器的第三绕组,使变压器的绕制简单,启动电路采用直流继电接触控制配合开关电源自启动的设计方案,简单可行。
最后,研究了一种适用于特高压系统隔离的开关电源——基于公共高频交流电流母线的方案。在主电路中,恒流源产生电路采用双Buck电路,通过全桥逆变器及CL滤波网络得到高频正弦电流信号,将母线穿过高导磁环,副边侧通过整流滤波得到输出电压,并通过双闭环控制策略使输出电压稳定,为防止输出电压过高设计并采用过压保护电路。
本文研究并设计了适用于抽油机变频群控系统这种特殊场合的开关电源,进行了大量实验并设计出样机。实验结果表明,样机运行稳定可靠、各项测试指标符合实验要求,证明了选择方案的正确性和可行性。
Based on the principle of DC/DC converter technology, the characteristics of the public bus voltage of the pumping frequency group control system, and the demands for power rating and the number of loops from the whole system, a kind of switching power supply special for this occasion is researched and designed.
Firstly, the research is launched on the topological structure of the Flyback converter, and power supply suitable for this occasion is designed using this kind of structure. It determines the compensation network parameters to achieve optimal by analyzing the transfer function of each loop, considering the accurate model of the peak current control and light-coupler small signal, and using MATLAB, thus getting fast dynamic response. The design of the Flyback converter and the selection process of the RCD ground-clamp circuit parameters is given, as well as it gives the specific measures to reduce of the peripheral circuits electromagnetic interference from the power in the PCB layout.
Secondly, a kind of power supply, which has a mixed cascade topological structure and can realize multi-way voltage output is designed, whose basic thought is to convert the voltage after stabling it. The former level converter uses Buck TL circuit, which has many advantages comparing to the ordinary Buck circuit, for example, it can reduce filtering inductances and the capacitors’volume, and has small ripple voltage, etc. In order to achieve a better result, state space model is built and MATLAB is used to determine the outer circuit compensation network parameters. The later level circuit uses a forward converter structure, which adopts an active ground-clamp strategy, thus saving the third forward-type transformer windings. The whole system start circuit takes advantage of the DC circuit control relay contacts with the start circuit of the switching power supply, which is simple and feasible.
Finally, it study the isolated power supply for the special high-voltage system——based on public high-frequency alternating current bus program. The main circuit constants current source generating circuit which is a dual-Buck circuit, through the full-bridge inverter and the CL filter network, the high-frequency sinusoidal current, signal is got. The high-frequency current bus loops through the high magnetic ring through the secondary side rectification and filter the output voltage can be got, and through double-loop control strategy for the output voltage stability, in order to prevent high-voltage it designs the over-voltage protection circuit.
This study develops the switching power for the public bus voltage of the pumping frequency group control system and carries out a large number of experiments. Experimental results show that the prototype is running stable & reliable and the test targets meet the requirements to prove the correctness and feasibility of the formula.
首先,研究了单端反激式变换器拓扑结构,并采用此结构设计出适合于该场合下的开关电源。为了使电源的动态响应速度快,设计的闭环补偿网路参数达到最优,分析了各个环节的传递函数,并结合峰值电流控制与光耦小信号的精确模型,利用MATLAB确定补偿网路参数,同时给出反激式变压器的设计、RCD缓冲电路参数的选取流程及在PCB布线中减少电源对外围电路电磁干扰的具体措施。
其次,研究并设计了一种混合级联型拓扑结构,实现多路电压输出,基本思想是先稳压再变换。前级变换器采用Buck三电平变换器,它与Buck相比具有可减少滤波电感、电容的体积,纹波电压小的优点。为得到较好的控制效果,建立了状态空间模型,并利用MATLAB确定外围补偿网路的参数。后级电路采用了正激变换器结构,提出了一种有源箝位的方案,节省了单端正激式变压器的第三绕组,使变压器的绕制简单,启动电路采用直流继电接触控制配合开关电源自启动的设计方案,简单可行。
最后,研究了一种适用于特高压系统隔离的开关电源——基于公共高频交流电流母线的方案。在主电路中,恒流源产生电路采用双Buck电路,通过全桥逆变器及CL滤波网络得到高频正弦电流信号,将母线穿过高导磁环,副边侧通过整流滤波得到输出电压,并通过双闭环控制策略使输出电压稳定,为防止输出电压过高设计并采用过压保护电路。
本文研究并设计了适用于抽油机变频群控系统这种特殊场合的开关电源,进行了大量实验并设计出样机。实验结果表明,样机运行稳定可靠、各项测试指标符合实验要求,证明了选择方案的正确性和可行性。
Based on the principle of DC/DC converter technology, the characteristics of the public bus voltage of the pumping frequency group control system, and the demands for power rating and the number of loops from the whole system, a kind of switching power supply special for this occasion is researched and designed.
Firstly, the research is launched on the topological structure of the Flyback converter, and power supply suitable for this occasion is designed using this kind of structure. It determines the compensation network parameters to achieve optimal by analyzing the transfer function of each loop, considering the accurate model of the peak current control and light-coupler small signal, and using MATLAB, thus getting fast dynamic response. The design of the Flyback converter and the selection process of the RCD ground-clamp circuit parameters is given, as well as it gives the specific measures to reduce of the peripheral circuits electromagnetic interference from the power in the PCB layout.
Secondly, a kind of power supply, which has a mixed cascade topological structure and can realize multi-way voltage output is designed, whose basic thought is to convert the voltage after stabling it. The former level converter uses Buck TL circuit, which has many advantages comparing to the ordinary Buck circuit, for example, it can reduce filtering inductances and the capacitors’volume, and has small ripple voltage, etc. In order to achieve a better result, state space model is built and MATLAB is used to determine the outer circuit compensation network parameters. The later level circuit uses a forward converter structure, which adopts an active ground-clamp strategy, thus saving the third forward-type transformer windings. The whole system start circuit takes advantage of the DC circuit control relay contacts with the start circuit of the switching power supply, which is simple and feasible.
Finally, it study the isolated power supply for the special high-voltage system——based on public high-frequency alternating current bus program. The main circuit constants current source generating circuit which is a dual-Buck circuit, through the full-bridge inverter and the CL filter network, the high-frequency sinusoidal current, signal is got. The high-frequency current bus loops through the high magnetic ring through the secondary side rectification and filter the output voltage can be got, and through double-loop control strategy for the output voltage stability, in order to prevent high-voltage it designs the over-voltage protection circuit.
This study develops the switching power for the public bus voltage of the pumping frequency group control system and carries out a large number of experiments. Experimental results show that the prototype is running stable & reliable and the test targets meet the requirements to prove the correctness and feasibility of the formula.
引文
[1]张兴柱.通信用高频开关电源的现状和将来[J].全国电源技术年会论文集,第十一届,1996:69-75
[2]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用技术——设计与应用(第二版).北京:人民邮电出版社
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.科学出版社:2000
[5]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[J].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[6]王志勇,柯曾喜,王云.电流型控制开关变换器的分析与设计.微电子学与计算机,2007, 24 (2):96-98
[7]杨自力,蔡丽娟,许文香.单周期控制技术和PID调节相结合的控制方法研究[J].通信电源技术,2007,24 (5):25-28
[8]毛鸿,吴兆麟.一种基于线性二次最优控制的PID参数优化方法[J].电气传动,2000,5:8-10
[9]许峰,许殿国,柳玉秀.具有最优动态响应的PWM型DC/DC变换器非线性控制新策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(12):133-139
[10]李泰,魏金科,王奔.Boost变换器的滑模变结构控制方法研究.电气开关,2008.NO.3:14-17
[11]张加胜,冯兴田.高功率因数整流器的建模及控制算法研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,5(38):74-76
[12]梁锋.DC/DC变换器并联均流与交错控制研究[D].北京:清华大学,2004
[13]蔡宣三,龚昭文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993年5月
[14]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2006年1月
[15]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一) .电力电子,2006年第2期:47-50
[16]徐甫荣.变频器在抽油机上的若干问题探讨.电气传动自动化,2004,26(2):4-8
[17]赵智,鲍兵,赵中山.基于采油系统的公共直流母线变频器结构分析及应用.电气应用, 2008,27(14):24-26
[18]邢台,谭雪开,赵计山等.花土沟油田共用直流母线节电系统应用.石油工程建设,2007,33(6):66-68
[19] Robert W Erickson. Fundamentals of power electronics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
[20]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2005年11月
[21]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一) .电力电子,2006,2:47-50
[22]文亚凤.状态空间平均法在开关电源动态建模中的应用[J].电气应用,2006,27 (18)
[23]张占松,汪仁煌,谢丽萍.开关电源手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006年12月
[24]杨汝.峰值电流控制模式斜坡补偿电路的设计[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(3):35-88
[25]刘树林,刘健,钟久明.峰值电流控制变换器斜坡补偿电路的优化设计[J].电力电力电子技术,2005,39(5):78-81
[26]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(二).电力电子,2006,3:56-63
[27] Yuri Panov, Milan M. Jovanovic. Small-Signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies With Optocoupler Feedback[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 20, NO. 4, JULY 2005
[28] Chauwen Ji and Keyue M. Smedley“Cross Regulation in Flyback Converter:Analytic Model”,IEEE Power Electronics Conference,1999 Record.
[29]谢沐田.高低频变压器设计(第一版).台北:全华科技图书股份有限公司,1993
[30]刘振来,曹丰文,何湘宁.多路输出开关电源中变压器及电感设计[J].电气应用,2005,24(6):83-86
[31]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[32]黄剑峰,马皓.Buck与推挽级联式DC/DC变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(6):30-32
[33]任小永,阮新波.适用于高压输入低压输出的两级式变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(23):153-157
[34]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术.北京:科学出版社, 2006
[35]阮新波,危健,薛亚丽.输入输出共地的三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):18-20
[36]阮新波,张元媛.多电平直流变换器中飞跨电容电压的一种控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8):34-38
[37]钟小芬,吴捷.基于SG3525电压调节芯片的PWMBuck三电平变换器[J].电源应用技术,2004,7(7):411-415
[38]胡宗波,张波,方珂,刘洋海.三电平DC—DC变换器的统一建模研究[J].电路与系统学报,2005,10(1):64-69
[39]董锋斌,皇金锋.改进型Buck三电平直流变换器的建模研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(2):24-26
[40]王志强郑俊杰等.开关电源的设计与优化.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[41]陈强,杨旭,王兆安.基于高频电压交流母线多组输出直流电源的研制[J].电气电子教学学报,2003,25(2):47-50
[42]桂红云,吕征宇,姚文熙,金高先.新型多路直流输出高压隔离电源的研究[J].电源技术应用,2005,8(2):32-35
[43]陈刚,江道灼,蔡永华,吕征宇,吴兆麟.具有旁路电感的新型固态故障限流器的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,24(7):200-205
[44]夏凌辉,吕征宇,费万民.大功率装置用多路输出高压隔离新型开关电源的设计[J].电源应用技术,2003,12(6):35-39
[2]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源实用技术——设计与应用(第二版).北京:人民邮电出版社
[3]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.科学出版社:2000
[5]曲学基,王增福,曲敬铠.新编高频开关稳压电源[J].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[6]王志勇,柯曾喜,王云.电流型控制开关变换器的分析与设计.微电子学与计算机,2007, 24 (2):96-98
[7]杨自力,蔡丽娟,许文香.单周期控制技术和PID调节相结合的控制方法研究[J].通信电源技术,2007,24 (5):25-28
[8]毛鸿,吴兆麟.一种基于线性二次最优控制的PID参数优化方法[J].电气传动,2000,5:8-10
[9]许峰,许殿国,柳玉秀.具有最优动态响应的PWM型DC/DC变换器非线性控制新策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(12):133-139
[10]李泰,魏金科,王奔.Boost变换器的滑模变结构控制方法研究.电气开关,2008.NO.3:14-17
[11]张加胜,冯兴田.高功率因数整流器的建模及控制算法研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,5(38):74-76
[12]梁锋.DC/DC变换器并联均流与交错控制研究[D].北京:清华大学,2004
[13]蔡宣三,龚昭文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993年5月
[14]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2006年1月
[15]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一) .电力电子,2006年第2期:47-50
[16]徐甫荣.变频器在抽油机上的若干问题探讨.电气传动自动化,2004,26(2):4-8
[17]赵智,鲍兵,赵中山.基于采油系统的公共直流母线变频器结构分析及应用.电气应用, 2008,27(14):24-26
[18]邢台,谭雪开,赵计山等.花土沟油田共用直流母线节电系统应用.石油工程建设,2007,33(6):66-68
[19] Robert W Erickson. Fundamentals of power electronics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
[20]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2005年11月
[21]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(一) .电力电子,2006,2:47-50
[22]文亚凤.状态空间平均法在开关电源动态建模中的应用[J].电气应用,2006,27 (18)
[23]张占松,汪仁煌,谢丽萍.开关电源手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006年12月
[24]杨汝.峰值电流控制模式斜坡补偿电路的设计[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(3):35-88
[25]刘树林,刘健,钟久明.峰值电流控制变换器斜坡补偿电路的优化设计[J].电力电力电子技术,2005,39(5):78-81
[26]蔡宣三.PWM开关稳压电源的瞬态分析与综合(二).电力电子,2006,3:56-63
[27] Yuri Panov, Milan M. Jovanovic. Small-Signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies With Optocoupler Feedback[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 20, NO. 4, JULY 2005
[28] Chauwen Ji and Keyue M. Smedley“Cross Regulation in Flyback Converter:Analytic Model”,IEEE Power Electronics Conference,1999 Record.
[29]谢沐田.高低频变压器设计(第一版).台北:全华科技图书股份有限公司,1993
[30]刘振来,曹丰文,何湘宁.多路输出开关电源中变压器及电感设计[J].电气应用,2005,24(6):83-86
[31]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[32]黄剑峰,马皓.Buck与推挽级联式DC/DC变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(6):30-32
[33]任小永,阮新波.适用于高压输入低压输出的两级式变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(23):153-157
[34]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术.北京:科学出版社, 2006
[35]阮新波,危健,薛亚丽.输入输出共地的三电平变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):18-20
[36]阮新波,张元媛.多电平直流变换器中飞跨电容电压的一种控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8):34-38
[37]钟小芬,吴捷.基于SG3525电压调节芯片的PWMBuck三电平变换器[J].电源应用技术,2004,7(7):411-415
[38]胡宗波,张波,方珂,刘洋海.三电平DC—DC变换器的统一建模研究[J].电路与系统学报,2005,10(1):64-69
[39]董锋斌,皇金锋.改进型Buck三电平直流变换器的建模研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(2):24-26
[40]王志强郑俊杰等.开关电源的设计与优化.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[41]陈强,杨旭,王兆安.基于高频电压交流母线多组输出直流电源的研制[J].电气电子教学学报,2003,25(2):47-50
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