工业管理体制比较研究
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摘要
工业管理体制是指在一定社会制度下,一国或地区政府管理和调控工业发展的制度、方法、手段等的总称,它是一国或地区工业经济有效运行的制度保障。实现工业化,必须建立和完善与之相适应的工业管理体制。西方发达国家和新兴工业化国家的工业发展历史显示,工业管理体制是否科学合理,直接影响着一个国家或地区工业化的进程。我国改革开放前后的工业发展进程同样揭示,工业化进程快慢很大程度上取决于工业管理体制与其适应程度。比较研究不同国家工业管理体制及其对工业的促进作用,总结中国工业管理体制的历史演进及其存在的局限性,研究探索适合中国国情、能够积极推进工业化快速、协调、持续发展的工业管理体制,将促进和加快中国新型工业化的进程和步伐,同时也有助于丰富工业发展管理理论。
本文以科学发展观为指导,以发展经济学理论、政府规制理论等为理论依据,运用制度分析方法,比较研究不同国家的工业管理体制的特征及效率,探索适合中国国情、推动中国新型工业化步伐的工业管理体制模式和实现路径。首先,论文界定了工业管理体制的内涵,明确了工业管理体制的主体与客体,分析了工业管理体制的作用,尤其是工业管理体制与新型工业化的关系;研究了政府管理工业的三种途径,即宏观调控、政府规制及日常行政管理。其次,论文研究了工业管理体制的理论基础,探讨了西方各种经济流派与国家干预经济方式选择,分析了各种政府管制理论。再次,论文系统比较了部分西方发达国家和新兴工业化国家的工业化进程及其特征,从政府管理机构、民间管理组织、政府管理机制等方面,比较分析了各个国家的工业管理体制,寻找可资借鉴之处。然后,论文回顾了建国以来中国工业管理体制的模式及其变迁,总结了政府工业管理结构的几次重大调整和职能转换,描述了工业行业协会的成长与发展,分析了七次大的宏观调控及成效,探讨了中国现行工业管理体制及其存在的问题。在上述研究工作的基础上,论文提出了创新和完善中国工业管理体制的政策建议。最后,论文以汽车工业为例,总结了新中国成立后的历次工业管理体制变革及其对中国汽车工业的促进作用,分析了制约中国汽车工业发展的体制性因素,提出了完善汽车工业管理体制、促进汽车产业快速发展的对策。
本文的主要研究工作和创新点如下:
1.系统研究了英、美、日等西方发达国家和韩、印等新兴工业化国家的工业化历程及工业管理体制特征,总结其成功经验和失败教训,即:正确处理政府干预与市场调节的关系,坚持政府主导;正确处理发展轻工业和重化工业的关系,坚持协调发展;强化产业政策,推动产业结构调整;高度重视行业协会作用,实行同业民主自治;坚持科技为本,教育为先;坚持自主创新,推动技术进步等。
2.回顾了建国以来中国工业管理体制的历史变迁,分析其存在的问题,即:政府工业管理主体职责存在错位,政企不分依然存在;宏观调控过于青睐行政手段,调控政策缺乏前瞻性;行业协会行政色彩浓厚,职能定位不清;政府管制法规滞后,规制方式不尽合理等。在此基础上,论文提出了完善和创新工业管理体制的思路:(1)准确进行政府功能定位,合理设置政府工业管理部门;(2)正确处理公平与效率、经济增长与可持续发展、扩大内需与增加外需、货币政策和财政政策等四大关系,创新宏观调控机制,促进经济持续、稳定、快速增长:(3)完善工业行业协会,改进行业管理;(4)健全规制法规,统一规制机构,强化社会性规制,实施激励性规制,纠正市场失灵等。
3.以汽车工业行业为例,研究了工业管理体制的变革及其对汽车工业的影响,提出了加快中国汽车工业发展的政策建议,即:推进汽车产业战略重组,提高规模经济;加大政策扶植力度,提高民族汽车工业的竞争力;加快开拓与培育国内汽车消费市场,扩大汽车内需。
Industry management system refers to all the systems, methods and instruments used by a country or its local government to manage, adjust, and control domestic industrial development, which guarantees the effective running of the industrial economy. To realize the industrialization, it is necessary to establish and perfect the corresponding industry management system. The economic development histories of highly developed countries and newly industrializing countries show that the scientificity and rationality of industry management system can poduce a direct impact on industrialized historical process of a country or region. China industrialization also reveals that the speed of industrialization depends on the cohesion between industry and industry management system significantly. In order to promote and speed up the courses and steps of China new industrialization, we compare and study industry management systems of highly developed countries and their relevant effects promoting industrialization; summarize the historical evolution of industry management system of China and its existing limitations; explore new industry management system suitable for China and also able to push the rapid and harmonious and continuous industrialization. The research is helpful to enrich managerial theories of industrial development.
This dissertation makes a comparative study of connotations, characteristics, and efficiencies of industry management system of different countries, and explores new industry management system pattern and approach suitable for China and able to promote industrialization steps under the guidance of scientific development philosophy, and the theory of development economics , government regulation theory, and the method of system analysis. This dissertation first defines the connotation of industry management system; specifies the subject and object of industry management system; analyzes the effect of industry management system and the relationship between industry management system and new industrialization in particular; studies the methods of managing the industry by the governments: macro-control, government regulation and daily administration management. Second, this dissertation studies the basics of industry management system; discusses the choices of the western economic schools and national management policies; analyzes various theories of government regulations. Third, the dissertation systematically compares the industrialization and characteristics of some highly developed countries and newly industrializing countries; compares and analyzes the industry management systems of each country from the perspectives of government management organization, civil management organization and government management mechanism in order to seek references. Forth, the dissertation reviews the pattern and evolution of industry management system since the foundation of PRChina; summarizes the strategic adjustments and functional transformation of industrial management structure of governments; describes the growth and development of Industrial Trade Association; analyzes the seven big macro-controls and their corresponding effects; discusses the existing industry management system and its problems. Based on the research, the dissertation proposes the policies and suggestions to innovate and perfect industry management system of China. Finally, the dissertation takes the auto-industry as an example, summarizes the improvement effects of all innovations of industry management system on the auto-industry since the foundation of PR. China; analyzes the system-factors of restricting the auto-industry development; proposes the countermeasures to perfect the auto-industry management system and to improve rapid development of the auto-industry.
The research and innovations of the dissertation are as follows:
1. To study and analyze systematically industrialization processes and characteristics of industry management system of highly developed countries such as Britain, America, Japan, and newly industrializing countries like Korea, and India; and to summarize their experience and lessons: to correctly deal with the relationship between government intervention and market adjustment, and to insist on government leading; to coordinate the relationship between light industry and heavy chemical industry, and stick to the coordinated development; to strengthen the industry policies and to promote industrial structure adjustment; to stress the effect of trade association and to practice the democratic autonomy; to insist on the concept of giving top priority to science and technology, and education; to persist in independent innovation and to improve technological progress.
2. To review evolution of industry management system since the foundation of P R. China; to analyze the following problems: the dislocation of government management duties, the existing combination of enterprise management with government administration; the heavily dependence of macro-control on administration, the control policy lacks of perspective, the significant administrative characteristics of the trade association, and its ambiguity of government functional positioning, the lag of government regulations and laws, and the unreasonable method of government regulation Based on the above analysis, the dissertation come up with the new thoughts to perfect and reform industry management system: (1) to accurately define the government functions and to properly set up administrative departments; (2) to correctly handle the four relationships between fairness and efficiency, between economic growth and sustainable development, between expanding domestic demands and enlarging foreign demands, between monetary policy and fiscal policy; to innovate the mechanism of macro-control to improve the continuous and stable and rapid economic growth; (3) to perfect Industrial Trade Association and better industrial management; (4) to strengthen regulations and laws, to unify the regulations and frameworks, to consolidate social regulation, to exert the incentive regulations, to rectify the market failures.
3. To study the evolution of auto-industry management system of China and corresponding impact by taking the auto-industry as an example; to propose the policies and suggestions to accelerate China national auto-industry development; to promote the strategic reorganization of auto-industry to enhance scale economy; tostrengthen policy supporting and to augment the competitiveness of China national auto-industry; to speed up the exploiting and fostering of China consumer market of auto-industry to expand domestic demands.
本文以科学发展观为指导,以发展经济学理论、政府规制理论等为理论依据,运用制度分析方法,比较研究不同国家的工业管理体制的特征及效率,探索适合中国国情、推动中国新型工业化步伐的工业管理体制模式和实现路径。首先,论文界定了工业管理体制的内涵,明确了工业管理体制的主体与客体,分析了工业管理体制的作用,尤其是工业管理体制与新型工业化的关系;研究了政府管理工业的三种途径,即宏观调控、政府规制及日常行政管理。其次,论文研究了工业管理体制的理论基础,探讨了西方各种经济流派与国家干预经济方式选择,分析了各种政府管制理论。再次,论文系统比较了部分西方发达国家和新兴工业化国家的工业化进程及其特征,从政府管理机构、民间管理组织、政府管理机制等方面,比较分析了各个国家的工业管理体制,寻找可资借鉴之处。然后,论文回顾了建国以来中国工业管理体制的模式及其变迁,总结了政府工业管理结构的几次重大调整和职能转换,描述了工业行业协会的成长与发展,分析了七次大的宏观调控及成效,探讨了中国现行工业管理体制及其存在的问题。在上述研究工作的基础上,论文提出了创新和完善中国工业管理体制的政策建议。最后,论文以汽车工业为例,总结了新中国成立后的历次工业管理体制变革及其对中国汽车工业的促进作用,分析了制约中国汽车工业发展的体制性因素,提出了完善汽车工业管理体制、促进汽车产业快速发展的对策。
本文的主要研究工作和创新点如下:
1.系统研究了英、美、日等西方发达国家和韩、印等新兴工业化国家的工业化历程及工业管理体制特征,总结其成功经验和失败教训,即:正确处理政府干预与市场调节的关系,坚持政府主导;正确处理发展轻工业和重化工业的关系,坚持协调发展;强化产业政策,推动产业结构调整;高度重视行业协会作用,实行同业民主自治;坚持科技为本,教育为先;坚持自主创新,推动技术进步等。
2.回顾了建国以来中国工业管理体制的历史变迁,分析其存在的问题,即:政府工业管理主体职责存在错位,政企不分依然存在;宏观调控过于青睐行政手段,调控政策缺乏前瞻性;行业协会行政色彩浓厚,职能定位不清;政府管制法规滞后,规制方式不尽合理等。在此基础上,论文提出了完善和创新工业管理体制的思路:(1)准确进行政府功能定位,合理设置政府工业管理部门;(2)正确处理公平与效率、经济增长与可持续发展、扩大内需与增加外需、货币政策和财政政策等四大关系,创新宏观调控机制,促进经济持续、稳定、快速增长:(3)完善工业行业协会,改进行业管理;(4)健全规制法规,统一规制机构,强化社会性规制,实施激励性规制,纠正市场失灵等。
3.以汽车工业行业为例,研究了工业管理体制的变革及其对汽车工业的影响,提出了加快中国汽车工业发展的政策建议,即:推进汽车产业战略重组,提高规模经济;加大政策扶植力度,提高民族汽车工业的竞争力;加快开拓与培育国内汽车消费市场,扩大汽车内需。
Industry management system refers to all the systems, methods and instruments used by a country or its local government to manage, adjust, and control domestic industrial development, which guarantees the effective running of the industrial economy. To realize the industrialization, it is necessary to establish and perfect the corresponding industry management system. The economic development histories of highly developed countries and newly industrializing countries show that the scientificity and rationality of industry management system can poduce a direct impact on industrialized historical process of a country or region. China industrialization also reveals that the speed of industrialization depends on the cohesion between industry and industry management system significantly. In order to promote and speed up the courses and steps of China new industrialization, we compare and study industry management systems of highly developed countries and their relevant effects promoting industrialization; summarize the historical evolution of industry management system of China and its existing limitations; explore new industry management system suitable for China and also able to push the rapid and harmonious and continuous industrialization. The research is helpful to enrich managerial theories of industrial development.
This dissertation makes a comparative study of connotations, characteristics, and efficiencies of industry management system of different countries, and explores new industry management system pattern and approach suitable for China and able to promote industrialization steps under the guidance of scientific development philosophy, and the theory of development economics , government regulation theory, and the method of system analysis. This dissertation first defines the connotation of industry management system; specifies the subject and object of industry management system; analyzes the effect of industry management system and the relationship between industry management system and new industrialization in particular; studies the methods of managing the industry by the governments: macro-control, government regulation and daily administration management. Second, this dissertation studies the basics of industry management system; discusses the choices of the western economic schools and national management policies; analyzes various theories of government regulations. Third, the dissertation systematically compares the industrialization and characteristics of some highly developed countries and newly industrializing countries; compares and analyzes the industry management systems of each country from the perspectives of government management organization, civil management organization and government management mechanism in order to seek references. Forth, the dissertation reviews the pattern and evolution of industry management system since the foundation of PRChina; summarizes the strategic adjustments and functional transformation of industrial management structure of governments; describes the growth and development of Industrial Trade Association; analyzes the seven big macro-controls and their corresponding effects; discusses the existing industry management system and its problems. Based on the research, the dissertation proposes the policies and suggestions to innovate and perfect industry management system of China. Finally, the dissertation takes the auto-industry as an example, summarizes the improvement effects of all innovations of industry management system on the auto-industry since the foundation of PR. China; analyzes the system-factors of restricting the auto-industry development; proposes the countermeasures to perfect the auto-industry management system and to improve rapid development of the auto-industry.
The research and innovations of the dissertation are as follows:
1. To study and analyze systematically industrialization processes and characteristics of industry management system of highly developed countries such as Britain, America, Japan, and newly industrializing countries like Korea, and India; and to summarize their experience and lessons: to correctly deal with the relationship between government intervention and market adjustment, and to insist on government leading; to coordinate the relationship between light industry and heavy chemical industry, and stick to the coordinated development; to strengthen the industry policies and to promote industrial structure adjustment; to stress the effect of trade association and to practice the democratic autonomy; to insist on the concept of giving top priority to science and technology, and education; to persist in independent innovation and to improve technological progress.
2. To review evolution of industry management system since the foundation of P R. China; to analyze the following problems: the dislocation of government management duties, the existing combination of enterprise management with government administration; the heavily dependence of macro-control on administration, the control policy lacks of perspective, the significant administrative characteristics of the trade association, and its ambiguity of government functional positioning, the lag of government regulations and laws, and the unreasonable method of government regulation Based on the above analysis, the dissertation come up with the new thoughts to perfect and reform industry management system: (1) to accurately define the government functions and to properly set up administrative departments; (2) to correctly handle the four relationships between fairness and efficiency, between economic growth and sustainable development, between expanding domestic demands and enlarging foreign demands, between monetary policy and fiscal policy; to innovate the mechanism of macro-control to improve the continuous and stable and rapid economic growth; (3) to perfect Industrial Trade Association and better industrial management; (4) to strengthen regulations and laws, to unify the regulations and frameworks, to consolidate social regulation, to exert the incentive regulations, to rectify the market failures.
3. To study the evolution of auto-industry management system of China and corresponding impact by taking the auto-industry as an example; to propose the policies and suggestions to accelerate China national auto-industry development; to promote the strategic reorganization of auto-industry to enhance scale economy; tostrengthen policy supporting and to augment the competitiveness of China national auto-industry; to speed up the exploiting and fostering of China consumer market of auto-industry to expand domestic demands.
引文
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