废旧家电管理中的消费者参与及回收模式研究
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摘要
随着信息技术的飞速发展,电子产品的更新换代越来越快,废旧家电的回收处理问题接踵而至。世界各国纷纷立法,在电子行业推行生产者责任延伸制,将产品责任延伸至产品废弃后的回收处理阶段。在资源、环境、国际竞争等多重压力下,我国政府和企业也开始重视废旧家电的回收管理。但是,由于经济、文化等多种因素的影响,我国的废旧家电回收管理工作开展并不顺利。为了解决这个问题,需要深入分析废旧家电回收管理体系的结构,识别我国现有体系存在的问题,寻找可行的解决办法,为我国政府和企业开展废旧家电的回收管理提供决策参考。基于此,本文在相关理论的指导下,对废旧家电管理中的消费者参与及回收模式进行了较为系统的研究。
首先,对废旧家电回收管理体系的结构进行剖析,通过对国内外现有回收管理体系的比较,识别我国废旧家电管理中急需解决的关键问题。废旧家电的回收管理研究起步较晚,但发达国家已经开展相关实践,并取得了较好的实践效果。通过对典型案例的研究,勾画出废旧家电回收管理体系的结构,进一步比较分析了各管理体系的优缺点。通过利益相关者分析初步探讨了各管理体系的适用条件,并在此基础上,通过分析我国现状及存在的问题,发现我国废旧家电管理的瓶颈问题,即消费者参与程度不够,从而导致废旧家电的回收率不高,进而影响企业的参与程度。
其次,基于管理体系利益相关者分析的结果,对我国消费者的废旧家电回收参与行为进行了深入研究。以成都市居民为样本的问卷调查结果表明:服务动机、行为态度、经济动机、主观规范、行为障碍是影响我国消费者参与的主要因素,且对参与行为意向的影响依次递减;环境知识对参与行为意向不产生直接影响,但是对行为态度的影响比较明显;情境因素中只有宣传信息的影响具有统计意义,法规政策的强制实施对改变消费者废旧家电处置行为的作用并不明显。研究结果可以为我国相关法规政策的制定和回收管理体系构建中涉及到的相关问题提供参考。
最后,在消费者参与行为意向研究的基础上,提出了三种废旧家电回收模式模型,为企业构建合适的回收管理体系提供决策参考。企业在废旧家电回收处理过程中,需要综合各方面因素的影响,选择有利于自身发展的回收管理模式。
本文采取定性与定量研究相结合的研究方法,对废旧家电管理体系,尤其是消费者参与及回收模式进行了系统的研究,为我国政府制定相关的法规政策、企业构建合理的回收管理体系提供了理论参考。
With the rapid development of information technology, electronic products have updated faster and faster, which brings problem how to recycle waste household electronic appliances (WHEA). Developed countries have promulgated legislations to implement extended producer responsibility (EPR) in electronic industry, which requires manufacturers to undertake tack-back responsibility of end-of-life (EOL) products. Under multiple pressures such as resource, environment and international competition, Chinese governments and enterprises also initiated WHEA tack-back management. However, due to economic and culture issues, the WHEA tack-back management is not promoted smoothly in China. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems and identifying problems of the current management systems in China are necessary in order to propose feasible solutions for governments and enterprises to carry out WHEA tack-back management. For these reasons, this dissertation systematically studies consumer participation and take-back models of WHEA management based on relevant theories.
Firstly, the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems is analyzed. In order to find out the key issues in the establishment of WHEA tack-back management systems in China, the management systems in the developed countries are compared with Chinese current management systems. The research on WHEA tack-back management is limited, but the practice related with WHEA tack-back management has been already carried out in developed countries and favorable performance has been obtained. The study of typical cases reveals the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various tack-back management systems. On the basis of the analysis on the current situation and existing problems of Chinese systems, the stakeholder analysis further confirms that one of bottleneck problems of WHEA tack-back management systems in China is that lack of consumer participation results in low return rate of waste household electronic appliances.
Secondly, based on the stakeholder analysis of management systems, the tack-back participation behavior of Chinese consumers is studied deeply. The investigation with the samples of Chengdu residents shows that, the key influence factors are service motivation, behavior attitude, economic motivation, subjective norm and perceived barriers, and the influence levels decline in turn; environment knowledge does not have a direct impact on participation behavior intention, but has a direct impact on behavior attitude; the influence of publicity information has statistic significance in situational factors, and the enforcement of legislations has less effect on changing consumers' disposal behavior. The results provide powerful foundation for the constitution of relative legislations and policies and the establishment of WHEA tack-back management systems in China.
Finally, based on the study of consumer participation behavior intention, three models are proposed, which can provide implications for enterprises to establish suitable WHEA tack-back management systems. In the process of WHEA tack-back, it is necessary for enterprises to comprehensively consider all kinds of factors and choose their own tack-back management model which is helpful to their development.
The combination of quantitative and qualitative research is adopted in this dissertation. The WHEA tack-back management systems are systemically studied, which provides theoretical basis to constitute the legislations and policies for governments and build appropriate WHEA tack-back management systems for enterprises.
首先,对废旧家电回收管理体系的结构进行剖析,通过对国内外现有回收管理体系的比较,识别我国废旧家电管理中急需解决的关键问题。废旧家电的回收管理研究起步较晚,但发达国家已经开展相关实践,并取得了较好的实践效果。通过对典型案例的研究,勾画出废旧家电回收管理体系的结构,进一步比较分析了各管理体系的优缺点。通过利益相关者分析初步探讨了各管理体系的适用条件,并在此基础上,通过分析我国现状及存在的问题,发现我国废旧家电管理的瓶颈问题,即消费者参与程度不够,从而导致废旧家电的回收率不高,进而影响企业的参与程度。
其次,基于管理体系利益相关者分析的结果,对我国消费者的废旧家电回收参与行为进行了深入研究。以成都市居民为样本的问卷调查结果表明:服务动机、行为态度、经济动机、主观规范、行为障碍是影响我国消费者参与的主要因素,且对参与行为意向的影响依次递减;环境知识对参与行为意向不产生直接影响,但是对行为态度的影响比较明显;情境因素中只有宣传信息的影响具有统计意义,法规政策的强制实施对改变消费者废旧家电处置行为的作用并不明显。研究结果可以为我国相关法规政策的制定和回收管理体系构建中涉及到的相关问题提供参考。
最后,在消费者参与行为意向研究的基础上,提出了三种废旧家电回收模式模型,为企业构建合适的回收管理体系提供决策参考。企业在废旧家电回收处理过程中,需要综合各方面因素的影响,选择有利于自身发展的回收管理模式。
本文采取定性与定量研究相结合的研究方法,对废旧家电管理体系,尤其是消费者参与及回收模式进行了系统的研究,为我国政府制定相关的法规政策、企业构建合理的回收管理体系提供了理论参考。
With the rapid development of information technology, electronic products have updated faster and faster, which brings problem how to recycle waste household electronic appliances (WHEA). Developed countries have promulgated legislations to implement extended producer responsibility (EPR) in electronic industry, which requires manufacturers to undertake tack-back responsibility of end-of-life (EOL) products. Under multiple pressures such as resource, environment and international competition, Chinese governments and enterprises also initiated WHEA tack-back management. However, due to economic and culture issues, the WHEA tack-back management is not promoted smoothly in China. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems and identifying problems of the current management systems in China are necessary in order to propose feasible solutions for governments and enterprises to carry out WHEA tack-back management. For these reasons, this dissertation systematically studies consumer participation and take-back models of WHEA management based on relevant theories.
Firstly, the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems is analyzed. In order to find out the key issues in the establishment of WHEA tack-back management systems in China, the management systems in the developed countries are compared with Chinese current management systems. The research on WHEA tack-back management is limited, but the practice related with WHEA tack-back management has been already carried out in developed countries and favorable performance has been obtained. The study of typical cases reveals the structure of WHEA tack-back management systems and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various tack-back management systems. On the basis of the analysis on the current situation and existing problems of Chinese systems, the stakeholder analysis further confirms that one of bottleneck problems of WHEA tack-back management systems in China is that lack of consumer participation results in low return rate of waste household electronic appliances.
Secondly, based on the stakeholder analysis of management systems, the tack-back participation behavior of Chinese consumers is studied deeply. The investigation with the samples of Chengdu residents shows that, the key influence factors are service motivation, behavior attitude, economic motivation, subjective norm and perceived barriers, and the influence levels decline in turn; environment knowledge does not have a direct impact on participation behavior intention, but has a direct impact on behavior attitude; the influence of publicity information has statistic significance in situational factors, and the enforcement of legislations has less effect on changing consumers' disposal behavior. The results provide powerful foundation for the constitution of relative legislations and policies and the establishment of WHEA tack-back management systems in China.
Finally, based on the study of consumer participation behavior intention, three models are proposed, which can provide implications for enterprises to establish suitable WHEA tack-back management systems. In the process of WHEA tack-back, it is necessary for enterprises to comprehensively consider all kinds of factors and choose their own tack-back management model which is helpful to their development.
The combination of quantitative and qualitative research is adopted in this dissertation. The WHEA tack-back management systems are systemically studied, which provides theoretical basis to constitute the legislations and policies for governments and build appropriate WHEA tack-back management systems for enterprises.
引文
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