大口径等离子体电极普克尔盒开关特性研究
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摘要
惯性约束核聚变(ICF)是解决未来能源短缺问题的潜在手段，人们已经对用于ICF的大型高功率固体激光装置进行了大量的研究。随着功率的提高，大口径光学元件增多，造价昂贵，而从靶反射回的后向反激光以及空间滤波器透镜产生的笔形光束具有很高的能量和很大的破坏性，因此，隔离后向反激光以及多程放大系统产生的寄生振荡，保证大口径光学元件不受损坏，维护激光器系统安全就显得至关重要。而等离子体电极普克尔盒(PEPC)电光开关就是最佳候选。同时开关性能的好坏直接关系到建成的等离子体普克尔盒能否满足需要。本文主要在以下几个方面做了详细论述。
1．介绍了大型激光器系统的隔离技术，回顾了等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关的发展历程，详细分析了等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关原理。
2．对KDP晶体的电光特性及弹光特性进行了深入分析和研究。并对正应力、切应力、晶体定向失误以及开关脉冲电压波动引起的退偏损耗作了分析和讨论。
3．针对等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关的实际应用，建立了等离子体电极普克尔盒开关特性评价体系。
4．设计建立了电光开关特性参数测量系统，测量系统性能稳定，上升时间为5ns，系统消光比达到1500，实现了与电光开关实验系统的精密同步；设计了普克尔盒开关特性参数的测量方法。
5．进行了240mm×240mm及50mm×50mm口径等离子体电极普克尔盒开关特性诊断实验，并对测量结果进行了分析和讨论。
该项目由国家高技术416-2专题资助。属国内首次进行等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关研究及制造。
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a potential mean to solve problem of energy shortage in the future, People have already carried on substantial research on the large-scale high-power solid laser for ICF. With the improvement of the power, the optics component of large-aperture increases, the fabrication cost is expensive, And the light reflected back from the target and the pen shape light beam produced by lenses of space filter that have very high energy and heavy destructiveness to laser system. So it is important to guarantee large-aperture optics not being damaged and maintaining laser system safe. And plasma electrode pockels cell (PEPC) electro-optical switch may be the best choice for it. Whether the PEPC built up could satisfy the demand directly or not is determined by its switching performance. This paper mainly dissertates in detail as follows.
1. The isolation technology of large-scale laser facilities and the development course of PEPC electro-optical switch have been introduced. And the principle of PEPC electro-optical switch has been analyzed in detail.
2. The electro- and stress-optic effects in KDP have been lucubrated on. And the depolarization losses dependent on normal stress,
shear stress, crystal disorientation and voltage fluctuations has been analysed and discussed.
3. The appraise system about performance of PEPC eletro-optic switch has been set up, that is based on practical application of PEPC electro-optic switch.
4. PEPC electro-optic switch characteristic parameter measuring system has been designed and set up with steady performance of rise time 5 ns, system extinction rate up to 1500. The measure system can precision synchronizes with the switch experimental system. And the parameter measurement method of PEPC electro-optical switch has been designed.
5. The experiments on performance diagnose of PEPC electro-optical switches have been accomplished. And the measure results have been analysed.
1．介绍了大型激光器系统的隔离技术，回顾了等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关的发展历程，详细分析了等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关原理。
2．对KDP晶体的电光特性及弹光特性进行了深入分析和研究。并对正应力、切应力、晶体定向失误以及开关脉冲电压波动引起的退偏损耗作了分析和讨论。
3．针对等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关的实际应用，建立了等离子体电极普克尔盒开关特性评价体系。
4．设计建立了电光开关特性参数测量系统，测量系统性能稳定，上升时间为5ns，系统消光比达到1500，实现了与电光开关实验系统的精密同步；设计了普克尔盒开关特性参数的测量方法。
5．进行了240mm×240mm及50mm×50mm口径等离子体电极普克尔盒开关特性诊断实验，并对测量结果进行了分析和讨论。
该项目由国家高技术416-2专题资助。属国内首次进行等离子体电极普克尔盒电光开关研究及制造。
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a potential mean to solve problem of energy shortage in the future, People have already carried on substantial research on the large-scale high-power solid laser for ICF. With the improvement of the power, the optics component of large-aperture increases, the fabrication cost is expensive, And the light reflected back from the target and the pen shape light beam produced by lenses of space filter that have very high energy and heavy destructiveness to laser system. So it is important to guarantee large-aperture optics not being damaged and maintaining laser system safe. And plasma electrode pockels cell (PEPC) electro-optical switch may be the best choice for it. Whether the PEPC built up could satisfy the demand directly or not is determined by its switching performance. This paper mainly dissertates in detail as follows.
1. The isolation technology of large-scale laser facilities and the development course of PEPC electro-optical switch have been introduced. And the principle of PEPC electro-optical switch has been analyzed in detail.
2. The electro- and stress-optic effects in KDP have been lucubrated on. And the depolarization losses dependent on normal stress,
shear stress, crystal disorientation and voltage fluctuations has been analysed and discussed.
3. The appraise system about performance of PEPC eletro-optic switch has been set up, that is based on practical application of PEPC electro-optic switch.
4. PEPC electro-optic switch characteristic parameter measuring system has been designed and set up with steady performance of rise time 5 ns, system extinction rate up to 1500. The measure system can precision synchronizes with the switch experimental system. And the parameter measurement method of PEPC electro-optical switch has been designed.
5. The experiments on performance diagnose of PEPC electro-optical switches have been accomplished. And the measure results have been analysed.
引文
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24. R.Bailly-Salins, C.Sulins, J.P.Marret, SPIE Vol. 3492, 148-155, 1999
25．范敏，鲁敬平，吴关女等，强激光与粒子束，8(1)，112-116，1996
26．鲁敬平，吕传信，吴关女等，强激光与粒子束，8(1)，117-122，1996
27．吕传信，鲁敬平，张雄军，强激光与粒子束，9(2)，271-276，1997
28．鲁敬平，吕传信，张雄军，强激光与粒子束，9(1)，72-78，1997
29．鲁敬平，郑奎兴，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，137-140，2000
30．郑奎兴，鲁敬平，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，213-216，2000
31．张雄军，鲁敬平，郑奎兴等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，185-188，2000
32．陈纲，廖理几，晶体物理学基础，科学出版社，1992
33. W. Lee Smith, F. P. Milanovich, and M. A. Henesian, LLNL Memorandum UVM83-02, 1983
34. C.E.Barker, D. Miliam, and R.Boyd, ICF Quarterly Report3(2), 55-62, 1993
35. J.J.DeYereo, J. Britten, R.Vital, K.Montgomery, et al., ICF Quarterly Report3(3),103-111, 1993
36. J.J.DeYereo and B. W.Woods, Proc. SPIE 1561, 1991
37．郑奎兴，鲁敬平，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，141-144，2000
38. B. M. Van. Wonterghem, J. T. Salmon, R. W. Wilcox, UCRL-LR-105821-95-1, 42-51(1995)
39．罗先和等，光电检测技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
40．蔡希洁等，中国激光，A26(1)，47-51，1999
41. J. H. Campbell, R. T. Maney, L. J. Aatherton, et al, UCRL-LR-105821-95-1, 52-62, 1995
2. D.R.Speck, et al, IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol.QE-17(9), 1599-1619, 1981
3. J.Bunkenberg, et al, SPIE.Vol.3047, 114-125, 1996
4. J.T.HUNT, et al, Optic. Eng., Vol.28(40),461-468, 1989
5. C.Yamanaka, et al, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.Vol.QE-17(9), 1639-1649, 1981
6. J.M.McMahon, et al, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.Vol.QE-17(9), 1629-1638, 1981
7. B.M.Van Wonterghem, J.A. Caird, J.A.Murry, et al., SPIE Vol.2633, 22-28, 1995
8. J.T.Hunt and D.R.Speck, Optical Engineering 28(10), 461-468, 1989
9. J.M.Soures,R.C.Mecrory, T.R.Boehly, et al., Laser and Particle Beams 11, 317-321, 1993
10. C.Yamanaka, Lasers and Particle Beams 2, 425-431, 1984
11. G.Thiell, A.Adolf, M.Andre, N.Fleyrot, et al., Laser and Particle Beams6, 93-103, 1988
12. B.M.Van Wonterghem, C.E.Barker, J.R.Murry, et al., ICF Quarterly Report5(1),1-17, UCRL-LR-105821-95-1, 1995
13. J.R.Murray, J.H.Campbell, D.N.Frank, et al., ICF Quarterly Report, 1(3),89-107,UCRL-LR-105821-91-3, 1991
14. C.S.Vann, S.Seznec, F.Laniesse, et al., UCRL-LR-105821-95-2, 1995
15．王世藩，朱自强，现代光学原理，电子科技大学出版社，1998
16. L.L.Sterinmetz, T.W.Pouliot, and B.C.Johnson, Appl. Opt. 12, 1469-1471, 1973
17. M.D.Skeldon, M.S.Jin, D.J.Smith, et al., SPIE 1410,116-124, 1991
18. J.Goldhar and M.A.Henesian, UCRL Report 90107, 1983
19. Henesian MA and Goldhar J. J. opt Lett, 9:516-518, 1984
20. Goldhar. J and Henesian. IEEE J Quantum Electronics, QE22:1137-1147, 1986
21. Rhodes MA, DeYoreo JJ, Woods BW, and Atherton LJ, UCRL-JC-105821-92-1, 1992
22. Rhodes MA, Woods B, DeYoreo J., and Atherton J., UCRL-JC-115579, 1994
23. Rhodes MA, Atherton LJ, Woods BW, Robb CL, DeYoreo JJ, and Roberts DH. UCRL-LR-105821-95-1,1995
24. R.Bailly-Salins, C.Sulins, J.P.Marret, SPIE Vol. 3492, 148-155, 1999
25．范敏，鲁敬平，吴关女等，强激光与粒子束，8(1)，112-116，1996
26．鲁敬平，吕传信，吴关女等，强激光与粒子束，8(1)，117-122，1996
27．吕传信，鲁敬平，张雄军，强激光与粒子束，9(2)，271-276，1997
28．鲁敬平，吕传信，张雄军，强激光与粒子束，9(1)，72-78，1997
29．鲁敬平，郑奎兴，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，137-140，2000
30．郑奎兴，鲁敬平，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，213-216，2000
31．张雄军，鲁敬平，郑奎兴等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，185-188，2000
32．陈纲，廖理几，晶体物理学基础，科学出版社，1992
33. W. Lee Smith, F. P. Milanovich, and M. A. Henesian, LLNL Memorandum UVM83-02, 1983
34. C.E.Barker, D. Miliam, and R.Boyd, ICF Quarterly Report3(2), 55-62, 1993
35. J.J.DeYereo, J. Britten, R.Vital, K.Montgomery, et al., ICF Quarterly Report3(3),103-111, 1993
36. J.J.DeYereo and B. W.Woods, Proc. SPIE 1561, 1991
37．郑奎兴，鲁敬平，张雄军等，强激光与离子束，12(s1)，141-144，2000
38. B. M. Van. Wonterghem, J. T. Salmon, R. W. Wilcox, UCRL-LR-105821-95-1, 42-51(1995)
39．罗先和等，光电检测技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
40．蔡希洁等，中国激光，A26(1)，47-51，1999
41. J. H. Campbell, R. T. Maney, L. J. Aatherton, et al, UCRL-LR-105821-95-1, 52-62, 1995