石油管线泄漏检测技术研究
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摘要
管道技术在石油、天然气等流体输送中有着独特的优势。但是近年来，泄露已经成为输油管道运行的主要故障，严重干扰了正常生产，造成巨大的经济损失和环境污染。所以，加强管道泄漏检测与定位技术的研究与应用，对于发现管道泄漏，打击盗油行为，保护环境，减少企业经济损失，提高企业的自动化管理水平具有非常重要的现实意义。
论文讨论了目前已有的几种泄漏检测和定位方法，如基于模型的、基于信号处理的检测和定位方法等，分析了各种方法的优缺点，通过对引发管道压力变化原因的研究，设计了一套采用双压力传感器并结合相关分析法的泄漏检测与定位技术。
论文分析了基于双压力传感器的波形曲线特征，对原始压力数据序列采用了中值滤波法和改进的递推平均滤波法进行信号去噪；在深入分析压力变化引发波形变化的基础上，根据波形极性和面积等特征的变化提取波形中的拐点信息；根据拐点检测的结果，采用压力数据、波形夹角、亚像素和线性拟合等方法对双压力传感器采集到的两组突变数据序列做了相关分析，进行泄漏判断，并对实验结果进行了分析和比较，给出了相关分析法检测中需要注意的问题；结合负压波定位公式，尝试了一种比较精确的泄漏点定位方法，对影响定位的因素进行了探讨。
Pipeline technology has particular advantage in transporting liquid such as petroleumand natural gas. But in recent years, leakage became the primary malfunction intransporting-oil pipe running. It interfered in natural production badly, and brought theenormous economic losing. So the research and application of the leak detecting andlocating system of transporting-oil pipe becomes an urgent problem. Advanced research ofleakage detection and location of pipeline can discover the leakage of pipeline, and takeaction quickly. It may reduce the happening of steal case, protect environment as early aspossible, reduce the enterprise's economic losing and improve the level of enterprise'sautomatic management.
The thesis explores some leak detecting and locating methods, like model method,signal processing method, and analyzes the relative merits of each method. The reason ofthe pipeline pressure movement is studied and the thesis designs a project of the pipelineleak detection and leak localization using double-pressure transducer device andcorrelation analysis method.
The thesis analyzes the character of pressure curve, chooses Median Filter andimproved Average Filter to process the original pressure data sequence. The characters ofwave polarityand wave area are used to pick-up the feature of inflexion. Then, thecorrelation analysis method is used to process exceptional pressure data which acquiredfrom the double-pressure transducer based on many ways, such as pressure data method,included angle method, line-fitting method and so on. The thesis expounds how to selectthe neighborhood for doing correlation analyzing and analyses the main factors affectingthe leakage location based on the leakage location formula and attempts a better leakagelocation method.
论文讨论了目前已有的几种泄漏检测和定位方法，如基于模型的、基于信号处理的检测和定位方法等，分析了各种方法的优缺点，通过对引发管道压力变化原因的研究，设计了一套采用双压力传感器并结合相关分析法的泄漏检测与定位技术。
论文分析了基于双压力传感器的波形曲线特征，对原始压力数据序列采用了中值滤波法和改进的递推平均滤波法进行信号去噪；在深入分析压力变化引发波形变化的基础上，根据波形极性和面积等特征的变化提取波形中的拐点信息；根据拐点检测的结果，采用压力数据、波形夹角、亚像素和线性拟合等方法对双压力传感器采集到的两组突变数据序列做了相关分析，进行泄漏判断，并对实验结果进行了分析和比较，给出了相关分析法检测中需要注意的问题；结合负压波定位公式，尝试了一种比较精确的泄漏点定位方法，对影响定位的因素进行了探讨。
Pipeline technology has particular advantage in transporting liquid such as petroleumand natural gas. But in recent years, leakage became the primary malfunction intransporting-oil pipe running. It interfered in natural production badly, and brought theenormous economic losing. So the research and application of the leak detecting andlocating system of transporting-oil pipe becomes an urgent problem. Advanced research ofleakage detection and location of pipeline can discover the leakage of pipeline, and takeaction quickly. It may reduce the happening of steal case, protect environment as early aspossible, reduce the enterprise's economic losing and improve the level of enterprise'sautomatic management.
The thesis explores some leak detecting and locating methods, like model method,signal processing method, and analyzes the relative merits of each method. The reason ofthe pipeline pressure movement is studied and the thesis designs a project of the pipelineleak detection and leak localization using double-pressure transducer device andcorrelation analysis method.
The thesis analyzes the character of pressure curve, chooses Median Filter andimproved Average Filter to process the original pressure data sequence. The characters ofwave polarityand wave area are used to pick-up the feature of inflexion. Then, thecorrelation analysis method is used to process exceptional pressure data which acquiredfrom the double-pressure transducer based on many ways, such as pressure data method,included angle method, line-fitting method and so on. The thesis expounds how to selectthe neighborhood for doing correlation analyzing and analyses the main factors affectingthe leakage location based on the leakage location formula and attempts a better leakagelocation method.
引文
1 王国华．中国现代物流大全．第2版．北京：中国铁道工业出版社，2005
2 茹慧灵．国内外油气管道技术现状与发展趋势．河北石油职业技术学院，2006
3 常贵宁，何厚生．油气集输工艺技术．北京：中国石化出版社，2001：7-21
4 于达．用负压波检测法监测管道泄漏技术的研究．管道设备与技术．1999，3(2)：21-24
5 Des Clarke. Trans-Northern Pipeline Upgrades Ten-year-old SCADA System. Pipeline & Gas J. 1996(223): 40-43
6 Furness R A. Developments in Pipeline Instrumentation. Measurement and Control. 1987, 20(1): 7-15
7 Ellul I R. Advances in Pipeline Leak Detection Techniques[J]. Pipes and Pipelines International. 1989, 34(3): 7-12
8 Sandberg C, Holmes J, Mccoy K. Application of a Continuous Leak Detection System to Pipelines and Associated Equipment[J]. IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications. 1989, 25(5): 906-909
9 Tu Y Q, Chen H B. Design of Oil Pipeline Leak Detection and Communication System Based on Optical Fiber Technology[A]. Proceedings of SPIE—the International Society for Optical Engineering[C]. 1999:584-592
10 Andy Wike. SCADA-Based Leak Detection Systems. Pipeline and Gas Journal, 1986(213): 16-20
11 王桂增．输油管道泄漏计算机实时监测系统研制报告．仪器仪表学报．1997(18)：343-348
12 YeHao, Wangguizeng, FangChongzhi. Application of Wavelet Transform to Leak Detection and Location in Transport Pipelines. Engineering, Simulation. 1996(13): 1025-1032
13 L. Billmann, R. Isermann. Leak Detection Methods for Pipelines. Automatic. 1987, 23(3): 381-385
14 严大凡．输油管道设计与管理．北京：石油工业出版社，1989：72-75
15 常贵宁，何生厚．油气集输工艺技术．北京：中国石化出版社，2001：7-21
16 解武．负压波集输管线漏点定位技术研究．工程硕士学位论文．哈尔滨工程大学．2004(7)：16-17
17 Wike A. SCADA-Based Leak Detection Systems. Pipeline & Gas Journal. 1986(213)：16-20
18 史有刚．输油管道泄漏实时监测报警系统的研究与开发．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文．2003：8-13
19 王镛根，曹菁，夏红云．液体管道小泄漏检测和定位[J]．信息与控制，1988(4)：24-27
20 Hennnigar G W. Advances in Gas Leak Detection[J]. Pipe-and Gas Journal. 1985, 212(11): 39-44
21 叶昊，王桂增，方崇智．小波变换在故障诊断中的应用．自动化学报．1997，23(6)：736-741
22 Siebert H. A Simple Method for Detecting and Locating Small Leaksin Gas Pipelines. Process Automation. 1981(1): 90-95
23 Comm JB. Adaptive neural network approach to on line learning for process fault diagnosis. Trans Inst NC. 1998, 20(3): 144-152
24 W Ai-Rafai, R J Barnes. Underlying the performance of real-time software-based pipeline leak-detection systems. Pipes and Pipelines International. 1999(6): 44-51
25 靳世久，王立宁，李健．瞬态负压波结构模式识别法原油管道泄漏检测技术．电子测量与仪器学报．1998，23(1)：59-64
26 靳世久，唐秀家，王立宁；李健．原油管道泄漏检测与定位．仪器仪表学报．1997，18(4)：343-347
27 董东，王桂增．Kalman滤波器在长输管道泄漏诊断中的应用[J]．自动化学报，1990，16(4)：303-309．
28 王立宁．原油输送管道泄漏检测理论及其检测系统的研究[D]．天津：天津大学，1998
29 蔡正敏．管道泄漏监测系统中新技术的研究[D]．西安：西安交通大学．2001．
30 王立坤．原油管道泄漏检测若干关键技术研究．天津大学博士学位论文．2002：14-16
31 曾多礼．成品油管道输送技术．石油工业出版社，2002：290
32 江崇礼，孟庆操．管道泄漏的压力测量诊断方法试验研究[J]．大连理工大学学报．1988，38(1)
33 邓鸿英，杨振坤，王毅．负压波管道泄漏检测与定位技术．西安交通大学电气工程学院，2003(23)
34 张兆礼．现代图像处理技术及Matlab实现．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
35 王文海．长输管线泄漏监测与研究．南京：南京理工大学．2005：38-39
36 郑德如．回归分析和相关分析．第1版．上海：上海人民出版社，1984
37 蔡希洁．一种对称的线性拟合数据处理方法．计量技术．2000(5)：18-20
38 杨光．一种亚像素边缘检测方法．山西电子技术．2005(2)：5-6
39 Brian Wray, Chuck O'Leary. Leak Detection System Upgrades Cochin Pipeline. Pipeline & Gas J. 1996, 223(2): 48-53
40 唐秀家．不等温长输油管道泄漏定位理论．北京大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，5(33)：212-215
2 茹慧灵．国内外油气管道技术现状与发展趋势．河北石油职业技术学院，2006
3 常贵宁，何厚生．油气集输工艺技术．北京：中国石化出版社，2001：7-21
4 于达．用负压波检测法监测管道泄漏技术的研究．管道设备与技术．1999，3(2)：21-24
5 Des Clarke. Trans-Northern Pipeline Upgrades Ten-year-old SCADA System. Pipeline & Gas J. 1996(223): 40-43
6 Furness R A. Developments in Pipeline Instrumentation. Measurement and Control. 1987, 20(1): 7-15
7 Ellul I R. Advances in Pipeline Leak Detection Techniques[J]. Pipes and Pipelines International. 1989, 34(3): 7-12
8 Sandberg C, Holmes J, Mccoy K. Application of a Continuous Leak Detection System to Pipelines and Associated Equipment[J]. IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications. 1989, 25(5): 906-909
9 Tu Y Q, Chen H B. Design of Oil Pipeline Leak Detection and Communication System Based on Optical Fiber Technology[A]. Proceedings of SPIE—the International Society for Optical Engineering[C]. 1999:584-592
10 Andy Wike. SCADA-Based Leak Detection Systems. Pipeline and Gas Journal, 1986(213): 16-20
11 王桂增．输油管道泄漏计算机实时监测系统研制报告．仪器仪表学报．1997(18)：343-348
12 YeHao, Wangguizeng, FangChongzhi. Application of Wavelet Transform to Leak Detection and Location in Transport Pipelines. Engineering, Simulation. 1996(13): 1025-1032
13 L. Billmann, R. Isermann. Leak Detection Methods for Pipelines. Automatic. 1987, 23(3): 381-385
14 严大凡．输油管道设计与管理．北京：石油工业出版社，1989：72-75
15 常贵宁，何生厚．油气集输工艺技术．北京：中国石化出版社，2001：7-21
16 解武．负压波集输管线漏点定位技术研究．工程硕士学位论文．哈尔滨工程大学．2004(7)：16-17
17 Wike A. SCADA-Based Leak Detection Systems. Pipeline & Gas Journal. 1986(213)：16-20
18 史有刚．输油管道泄漏实时监测报警系统的研究与开发．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文．2003：8-13
19 王镛根，曹菁，夏红云．液体管道小泄漏检测和定位[J]．信息与控制，1988(4)：24-27
20 Hennnigar G W. Advances in Gas Leak Detection[J]. Pipe-and Gas Journal. 1985, 212(11): 39-44
21 叶昊，王桂增，方崇智．小波变换在故障诊断中的应用．自动化学报．1997，23(6)：736-741
22 Siebert H. A Simple Method for Detecting and Locating Small Leaksin Gas Pipelines. Process Automation. 1981(1): 90-95
23 Comm JB. Adaptive neural network approach to on line learning for process fault diagnosis. Trans Inst NC. 1998, 20(3): 144-152
24 W Ai-Rafai, R J Barnes. Underlying the performance of real-time software-based pipeline leak-detection systems. Pipes and Pipelines International. 1999(6): 44-51
25 靳世久，王立宁，李健．瞬态负压波结构模式识别法原油管道泄漏检测技术．电子测量与仪器学报．1998，23(1)：59-64
26 靳世久，唐秀家，王立宁；李健．原油管道泄漏检测与定位．仪器仪表学报．1997，18(4)：343-347
27 董东，王桂增．Kalman滤波器在长输管道泄漏诊断中的应用[J]．自动化学报，1990，16(4)：303-309．
28 王立宁．原油输送管道泄漏检测理论及其检测系统的研究[D]．天津：天津大学，1998
29 蔡正敏．管道泄漏监测系统中新技术的研究[D]．西安：西安交通大学．2001．
30 王立坤．原油管道泄漏检测若干关键技术研究．天津大学博士学位论文．2002：14-16
31 曾多礼．成品油管道输送技术．石油工业出版社，2002：290
32 江崇礼，孟庆操．管道泄漏的压力测量诊断方法试验研究[J]．大连理工大学学报．1988，38(1)
33 邓鸿英，杨振坤，王毅．负压波管道泄漏检测与定位技术．西安交通大学电气工程学院，2003(23)
34 张兆礼．现代图像处理技术及Matlab实现．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
35 王文海．长输管线泄漏监测与研究．南京：南京理工大学．2005：38-39
36 郑德如．回归分析和相关分析．第1版．上海：上海人民出版社，1984
37 蔡希洁．一种对称的线性拟合数据处理方法．计量技术．2000(5)：18-20
38 杨光．一种亚像素边缘检测方法．山西电子技术．2005(2)：5-6
39 Brian Wray, Chuck O'Leary. Leak Detection System Upgrades Cochin Pipeline. Pipeline & Gas J. 1996, 223(2): 48-53
40 唐秀家．不等温长输油管道泄漏定位理论．北京大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，5(33)：212-215