甲壳素及其衍生物的制备与性质的研究
摘要
本文首先对国内外有关甲壳素及其衍生物和氨基葡萄糖及其盐类中的甲壳素、壳聚糖、氨基葡萄糖、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐及氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐等物质的应用进行全面的综述。迄今，有关这些物质的制备方法都有一定的文献报道，但都存在着工艺过程复杂，原材料消耗量大，产品收率低，产品质量稳定性偏低等问题。实验中作者尝试了对甲壳素、壳聚糖、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的工艺条件简化与改进，合理回收利用酸、碱液，既减少了原材料的消耗，又减少了废酸、废碱对环境造成的污染。测定了氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐在一元体系(水、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇)、二元体系(水—乙醇、水—丙酮、水—异丙醇)中的溶解度，补充了文献上的不足，为进一步研究从氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐转化为氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐提供理论数据。实验结果表明，在简化或改进的甲壳素、壳聚糖、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的制备工艺条件下，实验制得的相应产品的各项指标还明显优于或等于国内外这些商品的质量指标。通过特殊的工艺条件，制备了高收率的甲壳素、高粘度的壳聚糖、高得率的氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐。
This paper provides a comprehensive survey of domestic and foreign applications of chitin and its derivatives such as chitin and chitosan, and of glucosamine salts such as glucosamine, glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate. So far, quite a few reports have been made on the preparations of these materials. However, there are still such preparation problems as the complexity of technological process, the huge consumption of raw materials, and the low output and low stability of products. In this experiment, attempts have been made to simplify and improve the technological process of chitin, chitosan and glucosamine hydrochloride, and to rationally recycle acid and alkaline solutions, so that not only the consumption of raw materials, but also the environmental pollution caused by waste acid and alkaline waste, is reduced. In addition, experiment has also been made to test the solubility of glucosamine hydrochloride in mono-solvent system (water, alcohol, acetone and isopropanol) and binary system (water-alcohol, water-acetone and water-isopropanol), which, as a result, makes up for documentary inadequacies, and establishes as well theoretical data basis for further study on the conversion of glucosamine hydrochloride into glucosamine sulfate. Experimental results show that qualities indexes of these products, prepared after the simplification and improvement of the technological process of the above materials, are much higher than, or at least the same with, those indexes of such products produced at home and abroad. In such particular technological conditions, high-output chitin, high-viscosity chitosan and high-yield glucosamine hydrochloride have been prepared.
This paper provides a comprehensive survey of domestic and foreign applications of chitin and its derivatives such as chitin and chitosan, and of glucosamine salts such as glucosamine, glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate. So far, quite a few reports have been made on the preparations of these materials. However, there are still such preparation problems as the complexity of technological process, the huge consumption of raw materials, and the low output and low stability of products. In this experiment, attempts have been made to simplify and improve the technological process of chitin, chitosan and glucosamine hydrochloride, and to rationally recycle acid and alkaline solutions, so that not only the consumption of raw materials, but also the environmental pollution caused by waste acid and alkaline waste, is reduced. In addition, experiment has also been made to test the solubility of glucosamine hydrochloride in mono-solvent system (water, alcohol, acetone and isopropanol) and binary system (water-alcohol, water-acetone and water-isopropanol), which, as a result, makes up for documentary inadequacies, and establishes as well theoretical data basis for further study on the conversion of glucosamine hydrochloride into glucosamine sulfate. Experimental results show that qualities indexes of these products, prepared after the simplification and improvement of the technological process of the above materials, are much higher than, or at least the same with, those indexes of such products produced at home and abroad. In such particular technological conditions, high-output chitin, high-viscosity chitosan and high-yield glucosamine hydrochloride have been prepared.
引文
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