三维可视化平台的研究与开发
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摘要
数字地球和数字城市作为信息社会的重要组成部分均得到了迅速的发展,而数字城市则提供了数字城市运行所需的信息表达、交互的界面以及周遭环境。与空间技术和信息技术的发展相适应,可视化工具的嵌入式开发、组成化、网络化、三维技术与虚拟现实成为技术发展的主导方向,并将数字空间技术渗透到城市建设管理的诸多领域。数字城市建设是以虚拟现实系统为核心,综合利用GIS、全数字摄影测量系统和网络技术实现的。本文的思路则是从数据库维护系统的研发出发,来研究并开发三维可视化平台的相关系统工具,该平台主要由编辑数据系统、数据维护工具系统以及网页测试系统三方面构成。
下面是本论文的具体研究内容。概括来说,本文的研究内容以及开发内容包括以下四个方面:
(1)数字城市建设内容及关键技术。只有在了解数字城市建设的理论与技术的技术上才能根据相关情况研发新的功能性软件,并以其关键技术来由针对性的进行实际研发,大致计划相应的平台软件区块。
(2)基于MultiGen的城市建模。运用MultiGen软件进行地形、场景等的建模,是软件平台研发的一个重要步骤。在MultiGen的技术特点中挖掘出相关优势,并在研发平台软件中取其长处,则会增加研发平台的优越性。
(3)三维可视化平台的系统概况以及三个重要组成系统的相关介绍,且数据库维护工具更是三个组成系统软件中的重中之重。在介绍系统软件的同时,也将其功能优越性做出相应的描述。三个系统软件的功能、特点已经平台系统功能的完备性,可以使其运用到社会各个行业中去,并使之推广开来。
(4)用实例方式展现三维可视化平台的性能,平台系统也从这些实际操作中自我寻找不足之处,并加以修正,以便更好的为用户服务。
三维可视化平台仍在研发阶段,有些相应的问题就必须本着具体问题具体分析的原则来解决,作者认为该平台系统需进一步的细化以及不断完善。但这将会是一项极大的挑战,它的研发需要我们的不断积累和大量运用到相关专业知识,而有些知识对于我们来说可能是全新的,或者是未知的,这就需要我们来一步步的去学习、认识与运用。
have been developed rapidly, but it is the Virtual City which provides the environment and interactive interface for them. Compared to information technology and space technology, GIS's network, compose, embedded development, 3D technology and virtual reality technology have become the leading direction. The virtual city is developed from Web GIS, 3D GIS VR GIS, etc. and penetrates the space technology to every field of urban construction and management. This construction is achieved by the core of Virtual reality and utilization of digital photogrammetric system, GIS and network technology. This idea is developed from data maintenance tools to research relevant tools for 3D visualization. The platform is mainly composed by the editing data systems, data maintenance tools and website tested systems.
The following is the specific research. In summary, it includes four aspects:
(1) Virtual city construction and key technologies. We can only develop new functional software after we understand the theory and technology of Virtual city construction. Then we can do the actual research based on key technology and plan related platform software block.
(2) City model based on MultiGen. A very important step to software platform research is the construction of terrain and scene by use of MultiGen software. It will increase the superiority of the platform if we find relevant advantages in MultiGen and use this advantage in research.
(3) Overview of 3D visualization as well as introduction to three important components of the system. We will describe the superiority when introducing system software. Three system software’s functions and features and completeness of platform can be used in various sectors of society and be promoted widely.
(4) The performance of 3D visualization platform by examples. Platform can find inadequacies from actual operation and modify itself in order to serve users better.
As 3D Visualization platform is still under research, some issues must be solved according to specific situations. The author states the platform needs further refinement and continuous improvement. But this will be a great challenge. Its research and development need our accumulation and professional knowledge, which some of them is new for us or unknown.
下面是本论文的具体研究内容。概括来说,本文的研究内容以及开发内容包括以下四个方面:
(1)数字城市建设内容及关键技术。只有在了解数字城市建设的理论与技术的技术上才能根据相关情况研发新的功能性软件,并以其关键技术来由针对性的进行实际研发,大致计划相应的平台软件区块。
(2)基于MultiGen的城市建模。运用MultiGen软件进行地形、场景等的建模,是软件平台研发的一个重要步骤。在MultiGen的技术特点中挖掘出相关优势,并在研发平台软件中取其长处,则会增加研发平台的优越性。
(3)三维可视化平台的系统概况以及三个重要组成系统的相关介绍,且数据库维护工具更是三个组成系统软件中的重中之重。在介绍系统软件的同时,也将其功能优越性做出相应的描述。三个系统软件的功能、特点已经平台系统功能的完备性,可以使其运用到社会各个行业中去,并使之推广开来。
(4)用实例方式展现三维可视化平台的性能,平台系统也从这些实际操作中自我寻找不足之处,并加以修正,以便更好的为用户服务。
三维可视化平台仍在研发阶段,有些相应的问题就必须本着具体问题具体分析的原则来解决,作者认为该平台系统需进一步的细化以及不断完善。但这将会是一项极大的挑战,它的研发需要我们的不断积累和大量运用到相关专业知识,而有些知识对于我们来说可能是全新的,或者是未知的,这就需要我们来一步步的去学习、认识与运用。
have been developed rapidly, but it is the Virtual City which provides the environment and interactive interface for them. Compared to information technology and space technology, GIS's network, compose, embedded development, 3D technology and virtual reality technology have become the leading direction. The virtual city is developed from Web GIS, 3D GIS VR GIS, etc. and penetrates the space technology to every field of urban construction and management. This construction is achieved by the core of Virtual reality and utilization of digital photogrammetric system, GIS and network technology. This idea is developed from data maintenance tools to research relevant tools for 3D visualization. The platform is mainly composed by the editing data systems, data maintenance tools and website tested systems.
The following is the specific research. In summary, it includes four aspects:
(1) Virtual city construction and key technologies. We can only develop new functional software after we understand the theory and technology of Virtual city construction. Then we can do the actual research based on key technology and plan related platform software block.
(2) City model based on MultiGen. A very important step to software platform research is the construction of terrain and scene by use of MultiGen software. It will increase the superiority of the platform if we find relevant advantages in MultiGen and use this advantage in research.
(3) Overview of 3D visualization as well as introduction to three important components of the system. We will describe the superiority when introducing system software. Three system software’s functions and features and completeness of platform can be used in various sectors of society and be promoted widely.
(4) The performance of 3D visualization platform by examples. Platform can find inadequacies from actual operation and modify itself in order to serve users better.
As 3D Visualization platform is still under research, some issues must be solved according to specific situations. The author states the platform needs further refinement and continuous improvement. But this will be a great challenge. Its research and development need our accumulation and professional knowledge, which some of them is new for us or unknown.
引文
[1]刘晓艳.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[2]毕思文.数字地球-地球系统数字学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[3]承继成.信息化城市与智能化城镇-数字城市[J].地球信息科学,2(3):5-7
[4]刘晓艳.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[5]林珲、龚建华,论虚拟地理环境,第一节“虚拟现实与地理学”学术研讨会,http://vge.dhs.org/geography&vr/vrshenzhen2001/papers/paperlist.htm
[6]巴凯斯.H,路紫.从地理空间到地理网络空间的变化趋势[J].地理学报,55(1):104-111
[7]龚建华,林珲.虚拟地理环境[M].上海:高等教育出版社
[8]陈述彭.城市化与城市地理信息系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[9]杨正甫.面向对象分析与设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[10]龚健雅.当代GIS的若干理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2004
[11]杨克俭等. 2001.虚拟现实中的建模方法[J].武汉:武汉工业大学学报,23(6):47-50
[12] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5)[M].2002
[13] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II user's guide (Version 1.2)[M].2000
[14]刘若梅,蒋景瞳.空间数据基础设施建设中的地理信息标准化问题[M].见:数字地球文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社
[15]王艳东,龚建雅等.基于中国地球数据空间交换格式的数据转换方法[J].测绘学报,29(2):142-147
[16]修文群等.地理信息系统GIS数字化城市建设指南[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001
[17] Nyerges,T . Regional and urban GIS a decision support approach[M],2008
[18]姜建、吴堑虹. GIS在工业园规划中的应用研究[J].中南大学地学与环境工程学院,2009,31-47
[19]陆楠.城市虚拟场景规划实验平台的研究[J].南京航天航空大学,2004,3
[20]熊汉江.数码城市空间数据模型与可视化研究[J].武汉大学,2001,5-26
[21]金宝轩、边馥岺.基于网格服务的三维城市模型的可视化研究[J].计算机工程,2004,(04)
[22] Appice, A. ; Lanza, A. ; Malerba, D.An Integrated Platform for Spatial Data Mining within a GIS Environment[S] Data Engineering Workshop, 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on .
[23] Rui-sheng Jia ; Yan Jiang ; Hong-mei Sun ; Xi-juan Wei ; Coll. of Inf. Sci. & Eng.Research on distributed GIS process modeling and integration[S]. ShanDong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Qingdao.2008
[24] Hye-Jung Chang ; Bong-Ju Jang ; Suk-Hwan Lee ; Seung-Seob Park ; Ki-Ryong Kwon.3D GIS vector map watermarking using geometric distribution[S]. Multimedia and Expo, 2009. ICME 2009. IEEE International Conference on Issue Date : June 28 2009-July 3 2009 On page(s): 1014 - 1017 Location: New York, NY
[25]朱洪亮,万建华等.城市三维建模的数据获取[J].工程勘察,(3):43-50
[26]张秀山等.虚拟现实技术及编程技巧[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999
[27]杨必胜、李清泉、杨宝燕.三维城市模型的可视化研究[J].测绘学报,29(2):149-154
[28] Steve Aukstakalnis and David Blatner. Silicon mirtage-the art and science of virtual reality[J]. Peachpit Press ,2009
[29]周心铁等.对地观测技术与数字城市[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[30]杨宝民、朱一宁.分布式虚拟现实技术机器应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[31] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5)
[32]陆楠.城市虚拟场景规划实验平台的研究[J].南京航天航空大学,2004,3
[33]王映辉等.“数字城市”关键技术及模型研究[J].计算机工程与应用,(1):10-12
[34] Weng,Q .Remote Sensing and GIS Integration[J],2009
[35]贾连兴.仿真技术与软件[M].国防工业出版社,2006
[36]朱庆,林晖.数码城市地理信息系统——虚拟城市环境中的三维城市模型初探[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004
[37]张海荣.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008
[38] Kang-tsung Chang.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[39] Castree, N & Gregory, D .David Harvey_A Critical Reader[M]. (2006)
[40]尚涛、焦峻峰。基于数字化技术的城市规划系统的研究[J].武汉大学城市建筑学院,2002,05-35
[41]利维.现代城市规划(第5版) [M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003
[42] Dierwechter, Y . Urban growth management and its discontents_promises, practices, and geo-politics in u.s. city regions[M],2008
[43]保罗.诺克斯.城市社会地理学导论[M].商务印书馆,2005
[44] Thrift,N. Non-Representational Theory_ Space,politics,affect[M].2008
[45] Logan,J . Urban China in Transition[M], 2009
[46]刘晓艳.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]张海荣.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008
[48] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5).2002
[49] Tal, D. Google Sketchup for site design_a guide to modeling site plans, terrain, and architecture[J], Discrete Applied Mathematics,2002,40(1),43~72
[50]秦文虎.虚拟现实技术及可视化设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009
[51]毕思文.数字地球-地球系统数字学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[52]龚健雅.当代GIS的若干理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2004
[53] Nyerges,T . Regional and urban GIS a decision support approach[M],2008
[54] Steve Aukstakalnis and David Blatner. Silicon mirtage-the art and science of virtual reality[J]. Peachpit Press ,2009
[2]毕思文.数字地球-地球系统数字学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[3]承继成.信息化城市与智能化城镇-数字城市[J].地球信息科学,2(3):5-7
[4]刘晓艳.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[5]林珲、龚建华,论虚拟地理环境,第一节“虚拟现实与地理学”学术研讨会,http://vge.dhs.org/geography&vr/vrshenzhen2001/papers/paperlist.htm
[6]巴凯斯.H,路紫.从地理空间到地理网络空间的变化趋势[J].地理学报,55(1):104-111
[7]龚建华,林珲.虚拟地理环境[M].上海:高等教育出版社
[8]陈述彭.城市化与城市地理信息系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[9]杨正甫.面向对象分析与设计[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[10]龚健雅.当代GIS的若干理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2004
[11]杨克俭等. 2001.虚拟现实中的建模方法[J].武汉:武汉工业大学学报,23(6):47-50
[12] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5)[M].2002
[13] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II user's guide (Version 1.2)[M].2000
[14]刘若梅,蒋景瞳.空间数据基础设施建设中的地理信息标准化问题[M].见:数字地球文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社
[15]王艳东,龚建雅等.基于中国地球数据空间交换格式的数据转换方法[J].测绘学报,29(2):142-147
[16]修文群等.地理信息系统GIS数字化城市建设指南[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001
[17] Nyerges,T . Regional and urban GIS a decision support approach[M],2008
[18]姜建、吴堑虹. GIS在工业园规划中的应用研究[J].中南大学地学与环境工程学院,2009,31-47
[19]陆楠.城市虚拟场景规划实验平台的研究[J].南京航天航空大学,2004,3
[20]熊汉江.数码城市空间数据模型与可视化研究[J].武汉大学,2001,5-26
[21]金宝轩、边馥岺.基于网格服务的三维城市模型的可视化研究[J].计算机工程,2004,(04)
[22] Appice, A. ; Lanza, A. ; Malerba, D.An Integrated Platform for Spatial Data Mining within a GIS Environment[S] Data Engineering Workshop, 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on .
[23] Rui-sheng Jia ; Yan Jiang ; Hong-mei Sun ; Xi-juan Wei ; Coll. of Inf. Sci. & Eng.Research on distributed GIS process modeling and integration[S]. ShanDong Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Qingdao.2008
[24] Hye-Jung Chang ; Bong-Ju Jang ; Suk-Hwan Lee ; Seung-Seob Park ; Ki-Ryong Kwon.3D GIS vector map watermarking using geometric distribution[S]. Multimedia and Expo, 2009. ICME 2009. IEEE International Conference on Issue Date : June 28 2009-July 3 2009 On page(s): 1014 - 1017 Location: New York, NY
[25]朱洪亮,万建华等.城市三维建模的数据获取[J].工程勘察,(3):43-50
[26]张秀山等.虚拟现实技术及编程技巧[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999
[27]杨必胜、李清泉、杨宝燕.三维城市模型的可视化研究[J].测绘学报,29(2):149-154
[28] Steve Aukstakalnis and David Blatner. Silicon mirtage-the art and science of virtual reality[J]. Peachpit Press ,2009
[29]周心铁等.对地观测技术与数字城市[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[30]杨宝民、朱一宁.分布式虚拟现实技术机器应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[31] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5)
[32]陆楠.城市虚拟场景规划实验平台的研究[J].南京航天航空大学,2004,3
[33]王映辉等.“数字城市”关键技术及模型研究[J].计算机工程与应用,(1):10-12
[34] Weng,Q .Remote Sensing and GIS Integration[J],2009
[35]贾连兴.仿真技术与软件[M].国防工业出版社,2006
[36]朱庆,林晖.数码城市地理信息系统——虚拟城市环境中的三维城市模型初探[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004
[37]张海荣.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008
[38] Kang-tsung Chang.地理信息系统导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[39] Castree, N & Gregory, D .David Harvey_A Critical Reader[M]. (2006)
[40]尚涛、焦峻峰。基于数字化技术的城市规划系统的研究[J].武汉大学城市建筑学院,2002,05-35
[41]利维.现代城市规划(第5版) [M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003
[42] Dierwechter, Y . Urban growth management and its discontents_promises, practices, and geo-politics in u.s. city regions[M],2008
[43]保罗.诺克斯.城市社会地理学导论[M].商务印书馆,2005
[44] Thrift,N. Non-Representational Theory_ Space,politics,affect[M].2008
[45] Logan,J . Urban China in Transition[M], 2009
[46]刘晓艳.虚拟城市建设原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]张海荣.地理信息系统原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008
[48] MultiGen Inc. USA. MultiGen II options user's guide (Version 1.5).2002
[49] Tal, D. Google Sketchup for site design_a guide to modeling site plans, terrain, and architecture[J], Discrete Applied Mathematics,2002,40(1),43~72
[50]秦文虎.虚拟现实技术及可视化设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009
[51]毕思文.数字地球-地球系统数字学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009
[52]龚健雅.当代GIS的若干理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2004
[53] Nyerges,T . Regional and urban GIS a decision support approach[M],2008
[54] Steve Aukstakalnis and David Blatner. Silicon mirtage-the art and science of virtual reality[J]. Peachpit Press ,2009