复杂产品开发过程规划理论与方法研究
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摘要
随着市场经济的快速发展和科学技术的不断进步,企业之间的竞争越来越激烈。各企业为了在竞争中获取优势地位,纷纷采取措施来提高自身的经济效益,既想缩短产品开发时间、降低开发成本,又不希望降低产品质量。复杂产品在开发中具有过程复杂、不确定因素多、开发周期长等特点,使得企业在复杂产品开发项目上不得不投入大量资金与人力,并承担巨大风险。因此,如何合理规划产品开发环节成为了企业迫切关注的问题。在这样的背景下,复杂产品开发过程规划方法与技术的研究越来越受到企业和学者的关注,并成为了当前制造型企业信息化管理领域的热点问题。论文比较系统地研究了复杂产品开发过程规划的相关理论与方法,进一步完善了产品开发过程规划理论,具有重要的理论与实践意义。
论文从课题的研究背景出发,对复杂产品开发过程规划的概念、特点以及国内外研究现状进行了归纳和总结,指出了目前该方向存在的主要问题和不足,分析了课题研究的理论与实践意义,为全文的研究奠定了基础。
开发任务流程规划是复杂产品开发过程规划的基础问题。论文在分析产品开发过程建模及任务流程规划方法的基础上,并针对目前耦合任务依赖度求解方法存在的不足,深入研究了任务间信息依赖度的度量指标(可变度与敏感度)之间的本质联系,提出了信息关联对及关联度的概念。运用模糊层次分析法中的两两比较技术与群决策法相结合来评定关联度大小,提出了基于关联度的可变度矩阵与敏感度矩阵构造方法。结合指标权重关系函数,提出基于双指标值的依赖度计算方法。给出了耦合任务集的割裂算法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。
针对目前并行产品开发过程中重叠规划方法存在的不足,深入分析了上游活动的信息进展特点,采用信息累积函数与非稳态泊松过程来联合描述上游信息的进展模式。根据综合信息影响量的概念,提出了重叠期间的信息交流策略及下游活动的返工影响函数。针对重叠模型中的两种不同模式,建立了统一的时间计算模型。根据全局收益最大化原则,建立了重叠规划的目标决策模型。针对传统数学解析方法的不足,提出了基于动态仿真的重叠模型优化方法。最后,通过实例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
产品开发任务分配是一个典型的基于约束的组合优化问题。论文针对非耦合产品开发过程中的任务-人员分配问题进行了研究,阐述了该问题的本质与约束条件,建立了任务分配的数学模型,并对多目标优化的目标函数构建方法进行了改进。为了对该模型优化求解,提出了基于时序逻辑关系的动态分配蚁群优化算法,并详细给出了问题图形表示、节点选择规则、信息素更新规则与算法步骤。最后,通过一个算例验证了算法的可行性与适用性。
为了有效地对复杂产品开发过程进行预测分析,提出一种两层设计结构矩阵模型作为仿真的结构关系模型。建立了服从三角分布的时间与成本模型,采用拉丁超立方抽样法对该模型随机抽样并生成样本点。对仿真原理中的返工概率与返工影响描述方法、返工迭代动态特性及任务返工判断策略等问题进行了深入的研究,提出了基于两层仿真模型的过程仿真算法并设计开发了过程仿真程序,实现了对产品开发进度与成本的概率预测与风险评估。
为了提供对产品开发过程规划的计算机辅助支持,设计并开发了复杂产品开发过程规划软件系统。阐述了该软件系统的体系结构,分析了该系统的功能模块组成,并结合应用实例介绍了该系统的实现过程。
With market economy developing quickly and technology progressing, competition among enterprises is more and more keen. For obtaining competitive advantages, every enterprise makes efforts to increase its economic benefit, what it pursues is decreased development time and cost, but not at the cost of product quality. Because of having the characteristics of complicated course, many uncertain factors, long developing period and so on in developing complex product, so enterprise must devote lots of time and money to it, at the same time, assume great risk. So how to plan product development cycle reasonably is the keen attention of every enterprise. Under the background, research on method and technology in complex product development process has drawn more and more attention from enterprises and scholars, and now it becomes the hot topic in the field of manufacturing-oriented enterprises informatization management. The theories and methods of Complex Product Development Process Planning (CPDPP) are researched in this dissertation. So this dissertation perfects the theory of CPDPP and will bring important theoretical significance and practical significance.
Begin with the background of thesis researched, conceptions, characteristics, internal and overseas status quo about the CPDPP were summarized, followed by the discussion on the deficiency in this area. At last, theoretical and practical significance of the thesis was analyzed. All that mentioned above form the base of the research in this dissertation.
The flow planning of development tasks was the basic problem of the CPDPP. On the basis of analyzing the product development process modeling and the methods of flow planning, and in view of the disadvantages of calculating the dependency degree between coupled tasks, the essential relation between changeability and sensibility (measure index of information dependency) was investigated deeply. The concepts of information correlation group and correlative degree were proposed. The correlative degree was measured by the methods of pair-wise comparison technique of FAHP and group decision making. The changeability matrix and sensibility matrix were constructed by the concept of correlative degree. Combined the index weight function, the computational method of information dependency was presented. The tearing algorithm was proposed. Finally, an applied case was given to show the efficiency and practicability of the improved method.
In view of the disadvantages of the current overlapping planning method in concurrent product development process, the characteristics of the information evolution of upstream activity were investigated deeply. The information evolution mode of upstream activity was described by information accumulation function and non-stationary Poisson process. Based on the concept of comprehensive information influence quantity, the information communication strategy and rework impact function of downstream activity were proposed. Aiming at the two different modes of overlapping model, a uniform time computing model was constructed. According to the maximization principle of global gain, an objective decision model of overlapping planning was presented. In view of the disadvantages of the traditional mathematical analytic method, the optimization method of overlapping model based on dynamic simulation was proposed. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The task assignment of product development was a typical combinatorial optimization problem based on constraints. The task-developer assignment problem of the uncoupled product development process was taken as the research object. The essences and constraints of the problem were presented. The mathematical model of task assignment was constructed. And the improved objective function of multi-objective optimization model was proposed. In order to optimize the model, the dynamic assignment ant colony algorithm based on sequential logic was proposed. And the graphical representation, the nodes choosing rule, the pheromone updating rule and the algorithm steps were presented. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
In order to predict and analyze complex product development process effectively, a two-layer design structure matrix model was proposed as structural relation model in simulation. The schedule and cost model obeyed triangular distribution and was sampled by Latin Hypercube Sampling Method to generate initial data. Some key problems of simulation theory were discussed, including the rework probability description method, the rework impact description method, the dynamic characteristic of rework iteration, the rework judgment policy, and so on. The simulation algorithm based on two-layer model was proposed. The simulation platform was developed and it could predict and evaluate the schedule and cost of product development.
In order to provide computer aided support for product development process planning, the complex product development process planning system was designed and developed. The architecture and function modules of the system were presented. Finally, an example was given to show the realization process of the system.
论文从课题的研究背景出发,对复杂产品开发过程规划的概念、特点以及国内外研究现状进行了归纳和总结,指出了目前该方向存在的主要问题和不足,分析了课题研究的理论与实践意义,为全文的研究奠定了基础。
开发任务流程规划是复杂产品开发过程规划的基础问题。论文在分析产品开发过程建模及任务流程规划方法的基础上,并针对目前耦合任务依赖度求解方法存在的不足,深入研究了任务间信息依赖度的度量指标(可变度与敏感度)之间的本质联系,提出了信息关联对及关联度的概念。运用模糊层次分析法中的两两比较技术与群决策法相结合来评定关联度大小,提出了基于关联度的可变度矩阵与敏感度矩阵构造方法。结合指标权重关系函数,提出基于双指标值的依赖度计算方法。给出了耦合任务集的割裂算法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。
针对目前并行产品开发过程中重叠规划方法存在的不足,深入分析了上游活动的信息进展特点,采用信息累积函数与非稳态泊松过程来联合描述上游信息的进展模式。根据综合信息影响量的概念,提出了重叠期间的信息交流策略及下游活动的返工影响函数。针对重叠模型中的两种不同模式,建立了统一的时间计算模型。根据全局收益最大化原则,建立了重叠规划的目标决策模型。针对传统数学解析方法的不足,提出了基于动态仿真的重叠模型优化方法。最后,通过实例验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。
产品开发任务分配是一个典型的基于约束的组合优化问题。论文针对非耦合产品开发过程中的任务-人员分配问题进行了研究,阐述了该问题的本质与约束条件,建立了任务分配的数学模型,并对多目标优化的目标函数构建方法进行了改进。为了对该模型优化求解,提出了基于时序逻辑关系的动态分配蚁群优化算法,并详细给出了问题图形表示、节点选择规则、信息素更新规则与算法步骤。最后,通过一个算例验证了算法的可行性与适用性。
为了有效地对复杂产品开发过程进行预测分析,提出一种两层设计结构矩阵模型作为仿真的结构关系模型。建立了服从三角分布的时间与成本模型,采用拉丁超立方抽样法对该模型随机抽样并生成样本点。对仿真原理中的返工概率与返工影响描述方法、返工迭代动态特性及任务返工判断策略等问题进行了深入的研究,提出了基于两层仿真模型的过程仿真算法并设计开发了过程仿真程序,实现了对产品开发进度与成本的概率预测与风险评估。
为了提供对产品开发过程规划的计算机辅助支持,设计并开发了复杂产品开发过程规划软件系统。阐述了该软件系统的体系结构,分析了该系统的功能模块组成,并结合应用实例介绍了该系统的实现过程。
With market economy developing quickly and technology progressing, competition among enterprises is more and more keen. For obtaining competitive advantages, every enterprise makes efforts to increase its economic benefit, what it pursues is decreased development time and cost, but not at the cost of product quality. Because of having the characteristics of complicated course, many uncertain factors, long developing period and so on in developing complex product, so enterprise must devote lots of time and money to it, at the same time, assume great risk. So how to plan product development cycle reasonably is the keen attention of every enterprise. Under the background, research on method and technology in complex product development process has drawn more and more attention from enterprises and scholars, and now it becomes the hot topic in the field of manufacturing-oriented enterprises informatization management. The theories and methods of Complex Product Development Process Planning (CPDPP) are researched in this dissertation. So this dissertation perfects the theory of CPDPP and will bring important theoretical significance and practical significance.
Begin with the background of thesis researched, conceptions, characteristics, internal and overseas status quo about the CPDPP were summarized, followed by the discussion on the deficiency in this area. At last, theoretical and practical significance of the thesis was analyzed. All that mentioned above form the base of the research in this dissertation.
The flow planning of development tasks was the basic problem of the CPDPP. On the basis of analyzing the product development process modeling and the methods of flow planning, and in view of the disadvantages of calculating the dependency degree between coupled tasks, the essential relation between changeability and sensibility (measure index of information dependency) was investigated deeply. The concepts of information correlation group and correlative degree were proposed. The correlative degree was measured by the methods of pair-wise comparison technique of FAHP and group decision making. The changeability matrix and sensibility matrix were constructed by the concept of correlative degree. Combined the index weight function, the computational method of information dependency was presented. The tearing algorithm was proposed. Finally, an applied case was given to show the efficiency and practicability of the improved method.
In view of the disadvantages of the current overlapping planning method in concurrent product development process, the characteristics of the information evolution of upstream activity were investigated deeply. The information evolution mode of upstream activity was described by information accumulation function and non-stationary Poisson process. Based on the concept of comprehensive information influence quantity, the information communication strategy and rework impact function of downstream activity were proposed. Aiming at the two different modes of overlapping model, a uniform time computing model was constructed. According to the maximization principle of global gain, an objective decision model of overlapping planning was presented. In view of the disadvantages of the traditional mathematical analytic method, the optimization method of overlapping model based on dynamic simulation was proposed. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The task assignment of product development was a typical combinatorial optimization problem based on constraints. The task-developer assignment problem of the uncoupled product development process was taken as the research object. The essences and constraints of the problem were presented. The mathematical model of task assignment was constructed. And the improved objective function of multi-objective optimization model was proposed. In order to optimize the model, the dynamic assignment ant colony algorithm based on sequential logic was proposed. And the graphical representation, the nodes choosing rule, the pheromone updating rule and the algorithm steps were presented. Finally, an example was given to illustrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed algorithm.
In order to predict and analyze complex product development process effectively, a two-layer design structure matrix model was proposed as structural relation model in simulation. The schedule and cost model obeyed triangular distribution and was sampled by Latin Hypercube Sampling Method to generate initial data. Some key problems of simulation theory were discussed, including the rework probability description method, the rework impact description method, the dynamic characteristic of rework iteration, the rework judgment policy, and so on. The simulation algorithm based on two-layer model was proposed. The simulation platform was developed and it could predict and evaluate the schedule and cost of product development.
In order to provide computer aided support for product development process planning, the complex product development process planning system was designed and developed. The architecture and function modules of the system were presented. Finally, an example was given to show the realization process of the system.
引文
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