特高压输电塔的损伤识别
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摘要
结构材料中存在着各种各样的缺陷,为结构损伤提供了前提条件;加上结构投入使用后一切不可预计的外力,结构破损是在所难免的。为了在结构出现严重破坏或者倒塌之前找出这些缺陷和损伤并加以处理避免灾难发生,人们开始对结构进行损伤检测和健康监测等研究。但现阶段的损伤检测方法仍然存在许多缺点,对大型复杂结构(如输电塔结构)无法一步将损伤的位置和程度同时识别出来,而且对称性和噪声对结构损伤识别影响亟待解决。所以多种方法结合,分步多层次交叉识别方法是复杂结构损伤识别的关键。
本文以江汉大跨越输电塔为例,提出了基于模态应变能理论和曲率模态理论的两步结构损伤检测方法,主要内容和结论如下:
①将曲率模态理论和灰色理论相结合,提出基于振型曲率置信因子的结构损伤定位方法。并对其的识别效果进行分析,发现该方法对大小损伤间的差距要求不高,只要最大损伤不比最小损伤的损伤程度大70个单位,识别效果仍然为理想;但是对噪声影响比较敏感。
②利用模态应变能变化对结构进行损伤定位分析,识别结果表明该方法对多损伤时损伤之间的差距比较敏感,但抗噪声能力强。
③比较两种损伤定位方法的优缺点,利用信息融合技术将两种方法融合起来进行损伤定位识别。结果表明融合信息法能够有效地发挥两种方法的优点,降低噪声的影响,提高损伤定位能力。
④对于结构损伤程度识别问题,采用模态应能耗散率理论通过结构损伤时能量耗散和模态应变能变化的关系建立计算损伤程度的公式。该公式能够同时进行损伤定位和定量,但是由于结构损伤后的单元刚度矩阵一般是无法获得,因此假设损伤后单元刚度矩阵不变,显然这与实际情况不符,所以损伤程度识别结果存在相当大的误差。为了提高损伤程度的识别能力,本文引入了结构损伤后单元刚度矩阵对原方法进行改进推导出表达损伤程度和结构损伤前后模态应变能关系的一元四次方程,可以通过解一元四次方程可以计算出损伤程度。分析得该改进方法的损伤程度识别能力非常强,有效避免了损伤前后单元刚度矩阵不变假设带来的误差,同时大大提高了损伤程度识别的抗噪声能力。由于该改进方法需要准确的损伤位置同时损伤定位能力很差,因此通过利用原方法进行二次损伤定位对第一步损伤定位结果进行复核,然后利用本文改进方法进行损伤定量识别可以有效解决该问题。
The existence of structural materials in a variety of defects, damage to the structure provided the preconditions; structure was put into use with all the unpredictable external forces, structural damage is inevitable. Serious damage to the structure or to find flaws before the collapse and damage and deal with them avoid disaster, people began to structural damage detection and health monitoring study. But at present the damage detection methods are still many shortcomings of the large and complex structures (such as transmission towers and structures) can not step to the location and extent of damage also identified, and symmetry and noise impact of structural damage identification must be resolved. So many ways to integrate multi-level cross-identification step is the key to complex structural damage identification.
This paper Jianghan span transmission example, the proposed theory based on modal strain energy and curvature mode theory of two-step structural damage detection method, the main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1 the curvature mode theory and gray theory by combining the confidence factor based on curvature mode shapes, structural damage location method. And analysis of the effects of their identification, found that the method the gap between the size of injury do not ask, as long as the maximum damage damage damage better than the minimum of 70 units, recognition effect is still the ideal; but more sensitive to noise.
2 modal strain energy change on the structure of the damage location analysis, recognition results show that the more damage on the gap between the more sensitive to injury, but the anti-noise ability.
3 compare the advantages and disadvantages of two methods of positioning injury, the use of information fusion technology to integrate the two methods for Damage Location Identification. The results show that the integration of Information Act can effectively play the advantages of both methods to reduce noise, improve the ability to damage location.
4 for structural damage identification problem, the modal theory should be able to dissipation rate of energy dissipation by structural damage, and the modal strain energy change in the relationship between the established formula for calculating damage. The formula can also be damage localization and quantification, but because of structural damage after the element stiffness matrix is generally not available, so assume the same element stiffness matrix after injury, obviously incompatible with the actual situation, the damage identification result there is considerable error. To improve the ability to identify the damage extent, this paper introduces the structure stiffness matrix after injury to improve the original method is derived expression after injury and structural damage relations between modal strain energy equation of one dollar four times, four times a dollar can be obtained by solving equations can be calculate the degree of injury. Analyze the degree of injury of the modified method is very strong ability to identify and effectively to avoid injury before and after the element stiffness matrix of the error caused by the same assumptions, the extent of damage and greatly improve the identification of resistance to noise. Because of the improved method requires accurate location of the damage while positioning was a bad injury, so the original methods through the use of secondary damage location on the first step to review the results of damage location, and then use this improved method for quantitative identification of damage can resolve the issue.
本文以江汉大跨越输电塔为例,提出了基于模态应变能理论和曲率模态理论的两步结构损伤检测方法,主要内容和结论如下:
①将曲率模态理论和灰色理论相结合,提出基于振型曲率置信因子的结构损伤定位方法。并对其的识别效果进行分析,发现该方法对大小损伤间的差距要求不高,只要最大损伤不比最小损伤的损伤程度大70个单位,识别效果仍然为理想;但是对噪声影响比较敏感。
②利用模态应变能变化对结构进行损伤定位分析,识别结果表明该方法对多损伤时损伤之间的差距比较敏感,但抗噪声能力强。
③比较两种损伤定位方法的优缺点,利用信息融合技术将两种方法融合起来进行损伤定位识别。结果表明融合信息法能够有效地发挥两种方法的优点,降低噪声的影响,提高损伤定位能力。
④对于结构损伤程度识别问题,采用模态应能耗散率理论通过结构损伤时能量耗散和模态应变能变化的关系建立计算损伤程度的公式。该公式能够同时进行损伤定位和定量,但是由于结构损伤后的单元刚度矩阵一般是无法获得,因此假设损伤后单元刚度矩阵不变,显然这与实际情况不符,所以损伤程度识别结果存在相当大的误差。为了提高损伤程度的识别能力,本文引入了结构损伤后单元刚度矩阵对原方法进行改进推导出表达损伤程度和结构损伤前后模态应变能关系的一元四次方程,可以通过解一元四次方程可以计算出损伤程度。分析得该改进方法的损伤程度识别能力非常强,有效避免了损伤前后单元刚度矩阵不变假设带来的误差,同时大大提高了损伤程度识别的抗噪声能力。由于该改进方法需要准确的损伤位置同时损伤定位能力很差,因此通过利用原方法进行二次损伤定位对第一步损伤定位结果进行复核,然后利用本文改进方法进行损伤定量识别可以有效解决该问题。
The existence of structural materials in a variety of defects, damage to the structure provided the preconditions; structure was put into use with all the unpredictable external forces, structural damage is inevitable. Serious damage to the structure or to find flaws before the collapse and damage and deal with them avoid disaster, people began to structural damage detection and health monitoring study. But at present the damage detection methods are still many shortcomings of the large and complex structures (such as transmission towers and structures) can not step to the location and extent of damage also identified, and symmetry and noise impact of structural damage identification must be resolved. So many ways to integrate multi-level cross-identification step is the key to complex structural damage identification.
This paper Jianghan span transmission example, the proposed theory based on modal strain energy and curvature mode theory of two-step structural damage detection method, the main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1 the curvature mode theory and gray theory by combining the confidence factor based on curvature mode shapes, structural damage location method. And analysis of the effects of their identification, found that the method the gap between the size of injury do not ask, as long as the maximum damage damage damage better than the minimum of 70 units, recognition effect is still the ideal; but more sensitive to noise.
2 modal strain energy change on the structure of the damage location analysis, recognition results show that the more damage on the gap between the more sensitive to injury, but the anti-noise ability.
3 compare the advantages and disadvantages of two methods of positioning injury, the use of information fusion technology to integrate the two methods for Damage Location Identification. The results show that the integration of Information Act can effectively play the advantages of both methods to reduce noise, improve the ability to damage location.
4 for structural damage identification problem, the modal theory should be able to dissipation rate of energy dissipation by structural damage, and the modal strain energy change in the relationship between the established formula for calculating damage. The formula can also be damage localization and quantification, but because of structural damage after the element stiffness matrix is generally not available, so assume the same element stiffness matrix after injury, obviously incompatible with the actual situation, the damage identification result there is considerable error. To improve the ability to identify the damage extent, this paper introduces the structure stiffness matrix after injury to improve the original method is derived expression after injury and structural damage relations between modal strain energy equation of one dollar four times, four times a dollar can be obtained by solving equations can be calculate the degree of injury. Analyze the degree of injury of the modified method is very strong ability to identify and effectively to avoid injury before and after the element stiffness matrix of the error caused by the same assumptions, the extent of damage and greatly improve the identification of resistance to noise. Because of the improved method requires accurate location of the damage while positioning was a bad injury, so the original methods through the use of secondary damage location on the first step to review the results of damage location, and then use this improved method for quantitative identification of damage can resolve the issue.
引文
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