义马煤业（集团）有限责任公司可持续发展战略研究
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摘要
当今世界人们日益关注人口、资源、环境及经济社会的四大问题,并不断探索这四方面协调可持续发展的方式,在全球范围内已达成共识,可持续发展也已成为世界各国的共同发展战略。在此严峻的形势下,20世纪80年代初,在联合国向世界发出呼吁下,全球越来越多的国家或国际组织以“可持续发展”为指导原则,并以各种形式的运动和实践积极地推进。
我国是世界煤炭资源最丰富的国家之一,煤炭是我国工业部门燃料动力、化工原料和民用能源的主要来源、也是重要的能源商品。煤炭古75%的工业燃料和动力、65%的化工原料、85%的城市民用燃料以及73%的商品能源总消费。但是,我国的煤炭资源在开采过程中存在巨量开采、乱采滥挖现象,利用过程中资源消耗高、利用率低、资源回收率低、浪费现象严重,造成煤炭资源储量的日益减少,更造成环境日益破坏、污染严重和生态失衡；同时也对我国经济社会的可持续发展造成严重威胁。
义马煤业(集团)有限责任公司(以下简称义煤集团)是全国特大型企业,也是国家经贸委确定的520家国有重点企业之一。义马矿区煤炭储量丰富、煤种齐全,现有23对生产矿井和30多个生产辅助单位,企业资产总值60多亿元。近年来,义煤集团确立了煤、电、铝、化、建多元化发展战略,加快结构调整,强化经营管理,实施科技兴煤,经济效益显著提高,进入了义煤集团历史上最好的发展时期。但是,随着市场的发展变化,义煤集团也遇到了一些问题：①资源管理水平有待提高,多元化发展欠缺；②循环经济的技术支撑体系有待完善；③专业人才引进比较困难；④资源日益枯竭、环境污染、生态破坏等问题日渐凸出。随着义煤集团的发展,只有实现企业的可持续发展,才可以较好的解决资源日益枯竭的问题。因此,本文选择以“义马煤业(集团)有限责任公司可持续发展战略研究”作为切入点,具有非常重要的理论和实践指导意义。
本文依可持续发展理论、煤炭企业可持续发展理论、循环经济理论、生态经济理论作为研究的理论依据,紧紧围绕煤炭企业可持续发展这一主题,采用定性和定量、对比与系统、规范与实证相结合的分析方法,对义煤集团可持续发展战略的选择、制定和评价等问题进行了深入研究。主要研究内容如下：
第一章,绪论。首先阐述本论文的研究背景与意义,其次分析国内外关于可持续发展理论的研究动态、内容和方法、企业可持续发展的研究动态和煤炭企业的可持续发展动态,对本文的研究提供了重要的研究思路和方法。
第二章,相关理论概述。详细的阐述了本文相关的理论,包括可持续发展理论、企业可持续发展理论、煤炭企业可持续发展理论、循环经济理论和生态经济理论,这些理论为本文研究提供了重要的理论依据。
第三章,义煤集团可持续发展战略外部环境分析。本章首先从煤炭行业界定和基本知识对煤炭行业进行了介绍；其次,从世界煤炭资源的分布、行业现状、大型煤炭公司的生产经营状况与发展趋势,世界煤炭行业发展趋势的异同等四个方面分析了世界煤炭行业的发展概况：最后,从我国煤炭资源的分布、煤炭行业发展现状及面临的问题、产业组织分析、行业细分、煤炭行业经济运行评价、煤炭行业发展预测与展望等六个方面分析了我国煤炭行业发展的状况。
第四章,义煤集团可持续发展战略内部环境分析。本章从义煤集团概况、资源状况、产品结构、市场分布和产销状况、人力资源和财务状况等六个方面对义煤集团内部环境进行了深入分析。
第五章,义煤集团与同行业企业比较研究。本章首先对义煤集团与省内煤炭企业进行了比较；其次,把义煤集团与省外的煤炭企业进行了比较；最后,根据同行业企业之间的比较,得出了义煤集团发展的启示。
第六章,义煤集团SWOT分析及战略选择。本章首先对义煤集团的内部优势和劣势、外部机遇和威胁进行了SWOT分析,根据分析结果对义煤集团的产业机构、资源开发、资本运营、人力资源、科技创新、企业文化、管理创新等七个方面的战略进行了选择。
第七章,义煤集团可持续发展的博弈分析。本章采用博弈论的分析方法,分析了义煤集团可持续发展的矛盾与问题,并对义煤集团可持续发展存在的矛盾进行了博弈分析。
第八章,义煤集团可持续发展能力评价体系研究,本章首先分析了构建可持续发展能力评价体系的意义：其次,结合相应的原则制定了义煤集团可持续发展能力评价指标体系：再次,结合专家评价法和问卷调查法,采用层析分析法确定了各指标的权重；最后,采用模糊综合评价分析法,明确了义煤集团可持续发展能力处于中等水平。
第九章,义煤集团可持续发展战略实施途径和保障措施。本章在前面研究分析的基础上提出的实施途径有：依靠制度建设,规范企业运行；发展循环经济,优化产业结构；加大整治监管力度,营造良好开发秩序；提升核心竞争力；加强技术创新；勇于承担责任,提升企业形象。提出了保障措施有：组织保障、制度保障和正确处理五大关系。
第十章,结论与展望。本章总结了本文的所有研究结果和不足之处,提出了未来的研究方向。
本文的创新点体现在：
(1)从义煤集团的内、外部环境出发(宏观、中观和微观三个层面),制定了义煤集团可持续发展战略,并提出了该战略实施的对策与措施；
(2)开展了义煤集团可持续发展的博弈分析,揭示了影响义煤集团实施可持续发展战略的矛盾与问题；
(3)构建了义煤集团可持续发展能力评价的指标体系和模型,义煤集团实施新的发展战略后,其可持续发展能力是比较强劲的。
Population, resources, environment and economic and social development have become the four major issues in the world of which people concerned more and more. Explore the population; resources, environment and sustainable economic coordination of sustainable development have reached a consensus in the global scope. In the severe situation, in the early1980s, at the United Nations to make an appeal to the world, the world more and more countries or international organizations to "sustainable development" as the know principle, in various forms of movement and practice is actively promoting. So sustainable development has become the common development strategy of the countries in the world.
China is one of the richest coal resources country among the world, coal has played a very important role in China's national economy development and also people's life, it both the main source of industrial department fuel power, important chemical raw materials and civilian energy, and is also an important energy goods, it accounts for75%of the industrial fuel and power,65%of the chemical raw materials,85%of the urban fuel, and73%of the civil fuel energy total consumption goods. However, China's coal resources is operated huge amount in mining and natural dig the abuse is serious, and resources consumption is high, utilization rate is low, in the course of process recovery rate resources is too low, meantime the waste phenomenon is mazing, which caused the nonrenewable resources,such as coal reserves is reduce day by day,what's more,caused the increasingly serious environmental damage, pollution and ecological unbalance, and also a serious threat to our country's economic and social sustainable development.
Yima coal (group) co., LTD.(hereinafter referred to as the "righteousness coal group) is a national large enterprise, is also the state economic and trade commission determined520state-owned one of the key enterprises. Righteousness horse mining area coal reserves rich, coal is complete, the existing23on production mine and more than30production support unit, the enterprise assets value more than60one hundred million yuan. In recent years, righteousness coal group established coal, electricity, aluminum, chemical, building diversified development strategy, speed up structural adjustment, strengthen management, the implementation of science and technology and coal, and the economic benefit is remarkable enhancement, into the righteous coal group the best in history development period. However, with the development of the market changes, righteousness coal group also meet some problems:(1) the resources to improve the management level, and lack of diversified development;(2) the technical supporting system of circular economy remains to be perfect;(3) professional talent introduction difficulty,(4) growing resource exhaustion, environment pollution and ecological destruction and problems remain to be solved. With the development of righteousness coal group, only realize the sustainable development of the enterprises, can be a good way to solve the problem of resource increasingly exhausted. And coal production and consumption faces environmental pollution, ecological destruction and problems need to be use sustainable development, circular economy principle and method to solve. Therefore, this dissertation studies righteousness coal group strategy of sustainable development is of important theoretical significance and practical significance.
This dissertation on the guidence theory of sustainable development, coal enterprise sustainable development, circulation economic, ecological economic, and tightly around the themes of coal enterprise sustainable development, with the guidence of theoretical knowledge, by the methods of qualitative and quantitative, contrast and system, the standard and empirical combination of analysis, and then deeper analysis the formulation and evaluation of Yi coal group's sustainable development strategy.The main content of this dissertation are:
The first chapter, introduction. This dissertation first elaborates the research background and significance, and then analyzed the domestic and foreign about the sustainable development theory research dynamic, contents and methods, the enterprise sustainable development trends of research and the coal enterprise's sustainable development dynamics, this study provides important research ideas and methods.
The second chapter, the related theory overview. Detailed expounds this dissertation related theory, including the theories of sustainable development, enterprise department sustainable development theory, the coal enterprise sustainable development theory, the theory of recycle economy and ecological economy theory, this dissertation studies the theory provides an important theoretical basis.
In the third chapter, righteousness coal group sustainable use in that strategic external environmental analysis. This chapter first from the coal industry definition and basic knowledge of coal industry are introduced; Secondly, from the world's coal resources distribution, industry status, large-scale coal company production and operation situation and the development tendency of the coal industry and the world development trend of the four aspects analyzes the similarities and differences between the general situation of the development of the coal industry; At last, from the distribution of coal resources in China, the current situation of the development of the coal industry and the problems it faces, industrial organization analysis, industry segmentation, coal industry economy operation evaluation, the coal industry development forecast and prospect analysis of the six aspects in our country's coal industry development situation.
The fourth chapter, righteousness coal group strategy of sustainable development is the internal environment analysis. This chapter from righteousness coal group situation, resources, product structure, market distribution and production and marketing status, human resources and financial status of six aspects righteousness coal group internal environment to carry on the thorough analysis.
Chapter5, righteousness coal group and the industry enterprise comparative study. This chapter first to righteousness coal group and province coal enterprise are compared; Secondly, the righteous coal group and outside the province's coal enterprise are compared; Finally, according to the comparison between the insurance enterprise, it is concluded that the righteous their implications for the development of the coal group.
Chapter6, righteousness coal group of SWOT analysis and strategic choice, this chapter firstly righteousness coal group's internal advantages and disadvantages, external opportunities and threats on the SWOT analysis, according to the results of analysis on righteousness coal group industrial organization, resource development, the capital operation, human resources, scientific and technological innovation, enterprise culture, management innovation seven aspects of strategy choice.
Chapter7, righteousness coal group for the sustainable development of the game analysis, this chapter on the basis of the game theory, this dissertation analyzes the righteous coal group for the sustainable development of the contradictions and problems, and to all contradiction game analysis.
Chapter9, righteousness coal group sustainable development strategy implementation way and safeguard measures. This chapter in the front chapters research basis, puts forward the implementation approaches are:to rely on the system construction, standardize enterprise operation; The development of recycling economy, optimize the industrial structure; Increasing improvement supervision dynamics, builds the good development order; To promote their core competitiveness; Strengthening technical innovation; The courage to take responsibility, promote the enterprise image. Puts forward the safeguard measures are:organizational measures, the system measures and properly handle the five relations.
Chapter ten. Conclusion and prospect. This chapter summarizes all the research results in this dissertation and the deficiencies, hope in the future research improved.
This dissertation studies the process of innovation points are mainly:first of all, the dissertation systematically studies the sustainable development of strategically related theory, formed the system theory system; Secondly, this dissertation, from internal and external environment, using the SWOT analysis method, the game theory to righteousness coal group development strategy of sustainable development of the environment, the opportunities for further analysis and chromatography analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of the sustainable development of the coal group righteousness ability to carry on the appraisal, and finally puts forward the implementation of the sustainable development strategy development ways and safeguard measures. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the strategy of sustainable development of coal enterprise to provide the system research method.
我国是世界煤炭资源最丰富的国家之一,煤炭是我国工业部门燃料动力、化工原料和民用能源的主要来源、也是重要的能源商品。煤炭古75%的工业燃料和动力、65%的化工原料、85%的城市民用燃料以及73%的商品能源总消费。但是,我国的煤炭资源在开采过程中存在巨量开采、乱采滥挖现象,利用过程中资源消耗高、利用率低、资源回收率低、浪费现象严重,造成煤炭资源储量的日益减少,更造成环境日益破坏、污染严重和生态失衡；同时也对我国经济社会的可持续发展造成严重威胁。
义马煤业(集团)有限责任公司(以下简称义煤集团)是全国特大型企业,也是国家经贸委确定的520家国有重点企业之一。义马矿区煤炭储量丰富、煤种齐全,现有23对生产矿井和30多个生产辅助单位,企业资产总值60多亿元。近年来,义煤集团确立了煤、电、铝、化、建多元化发展战略,加快结构调整,强化经营管理,实施科技兴煤,经济效益显著提高,进入了义煤集团历史上最好的发展时期。但是,随着市场的发展变化,义煤集团也遇到了一些问题：①资源管理水平有待提高,多元化发展欠缺；②循环经济的技术支撑体系有待完善；③专业人才引进比较困难；④资源日益枯竭、环境污染、生态破坏等问题日渐凸出。随着义煤集团的发展,只有实现企业的可持续发展,才可以较好的解决资源日益枯竭的问题。因此,本文选择以“义马煤业(集团)有限责任公司可持续发展战略研究”作为切入点,具有非常重要的理论和实践指导意义。
本文依可持续发展理论、煤炭企业可持续发展理论、循环经济理论、生态经济理论作为研究的理论依据,紧紧围绕煤炭企业可持续发展这一主题,采用定性和定量、对比与系统、规范与实证相结合的分析方法,对义煤集团可持续发展战略的选择、制定和评价等问题进行了深入研究。主要研究内容如下：
第一章,绪论。首先阐述本论文的研究背景与意义,其次分析国内外关于可持续发展理论的研究动态、内容和方法、企业可持续发展的研究动态和煤炭企业的可持续发展动态,对本文的研究提供了重要的研究思路和方法。
第二章,相关理论概述。详细的阐述了本文相关的理论,包括可持续发展理论、企业可持续发展理论、煤炭企业可持续发展理论、循环经济理论和生态经济理论,这些理论为本文研究提供了重要的理论依据。
第三章,义煤集团可持续发展战略外部环境分析。本章首先从煤炭行业界定和基本知识对煤炭行业进行了介绍；其次,从世界煤炭资源的分布、行业现状、大型煤炭公司的生产经营状况与发展趋势,世界煤炭行业发展趋势的异同等四个方面分析了世界煤炭行业的发展概况：最后,从我国煤炭资源的分布、煤炭行业发展现状及面临的问题、产业组织分析、行业细分、煤炭行业经济运行评价、煤炭行业发展预测与展望等六个方面分析了我国煤炭行业发展的状况。
第四章,义煤集团可持续发展战略内部环境分析。本章从义煤集团概况、资源状况、产品结构、市场分布和产销状况、人力资源和财务状况等六个方面对义煤集团内部环境进行了深入分析。
第五章,义煤集团与同行业企业比较研究。本章首先对义煤集团与省内煤炭企业进行了比较；其次,把义煤集团与省外的煤炭企业进行了比较；最后,根据同行业企业之间的比较,得出了义煤集团发展的启示。
第六章,义煤集团SWOT分析及战略选择。本章首先对义煤集团的内部优势和劣势、外部机遇和威胁进行了SWOT分析,根据分析结果对义煤集团的产业机构、资源开发、资本运营、人力资源、科技创新、企业文化、管理创新等七个方面的战略进行了选择。
第七章,义煤集团可持续发展的博弈分析。本章采用博弈论的分析方法,分析了义煤集团可持续发展的矛盾与问题,并对义煤集团可持续发展存在的矛盾进行了博弈分析。
第八章,义煤集团可持续发展能力评价体系研究,本章首先分析了构建可持续发展能力评价体系的意义：其次,结合相应的原则制定了义煤集团可持续发展能力评价指标体系：再次,结合专家评价法和问卷调查法,采用层析分析法确定了各指标的权重；最后,采用模糊综合评价分析法,明确了义煤集团可持续发展能力处于中等水平。
第九章,义煤集团可持续发展战略实施途径和保障措施。本章在前面研究分析的基础上提出的实施途径有：依靠制度建设,规范企业运行；发展循环经济,优化产业结构；加大整治监管力度,营造良好开发秩序；提升核心竞争力；加强技术创新；勇于承担责任,提升企业形象。提出了保障措施有：组织保障、制度保障和正确处理五大关系。
第十章,结论与展望。本章总结了本文的所有研究结果和不足之处,提出了未来的研究方向。
本文的创新点体现在：
(1)从义煤集团的内、外部环境出发(宏观、中观和微观三个层面),制定了义煤集团可持续发展战略,并提出了该战略实施的对策与措施；
(2)开展了义煤集团可持续发展的博弈分析,揭示了影响义煤集团实施可持续发展战略的矛盾与问题；
(3)构建了义煤集团可持续发展能力评价的指标体系和模型,义煤集团实施新的发展战略后,其可持续发展能力是比较强劲的。
Population, resources, environment and economic and social development have become the four major issues in the world of which people concerned more and more. Explore the population; resources, environment and sustainable economic coordination of sustainable development have reached a consensus in the global scope. In the severe situation, in the early1980s, at the United Nations to make an appeal to the world, the world more and more countries or international organizations to "sustainable development" as the know principle, in various forms of movement and practice is actively promoting. So sustainable development has become the common development strategy of the countries in the world.
China is one of the richest coal resources country among the world, coal has played a very important role in China's national economy development and also people's life, it both the main source of industrial department fuel power, important chemical raw materials and civilian energy, and is also an important energy goods, it accounts for75%of the industrial fuel and power,65%of the chemical raw materials,85%of the urban fuel, and73%of the civil fuel energy total consumption goods. However, China's coal resources is operated huge amount in mining and natural dig the abuse is serious, and resources consumption is high, utilization rate is low, in the course of process recovery rate resources is too low, meantime the waste phenomenon is mazing, which caused the nonrenewable resources,such as coal reserves is reduce day by day,what's more,caused the increasingly serious environmental damage, pollution and ecological unbalance, and also a serious threat to our country's economic and social sustainable development.
Yima coal (group) co., LTD.(hereinafter referred to as the "righteousness coal group) is a national large enterprise, is also the state economic and trade commission determined520state-owned one of the key enterprises. Righteousness horse mining area coal reserves rich, coal is complete, the existing23on production mine and more than30production support unit, the enterprise assets value more than60one hundred million yuan. In recent years, righteousness coal group established coal, electricity, aluminum, chemical, building diversified development strategy, speed up structural adjustment, strengthen management, the implementation of science and technology and coal, and the economic benefit is remarkable enhancement, into the righteous coal group the best in history development period. However, with the development of the market changes, righteousness coal group also meet some problems:(1) the resources to improve the management level, and lack of diversified development;(2) the technical supporting system of circular economy remains to be perfect;(3) professional talent introduction difficulty,(4) growing resource exhaustion, environment pollution and ecological destruction and problems remain to be solved. With the development of righteousness coal group, only realize the sustainable development of the enterprises, can be a good way to solve the problem of resource increasingly exhausted. And coal production and consumption faces environmental pollution, ecological destruction and problems need to be use sustainable development, circular economy principle and method to solve. Therefore, this dissertation studies righteousness coal group strategy of sustainable development is of important theoretical significance and practical significance.
This dissertation on the guidence theory of sustainable development, coal enterprise sustainable development, circulation economic, ecological economic, and tightly around the themes of coal enterprise sustainable development, with the guidence of theoretical knowledge, by the methods of qualitative and quantitative, contrast and system, the standard and empirical combination of analysis, and then deeper analysis the formulation and evaluation of Yi coal group's sustainable development strategy.The main content of this dissertation are:
The first chapter, introduction. This dissertation first elaborates the research background and significance, and then analyzed the domestic and foreign about the sustainable development theory research dynamic, contents and methods, the enterprise sustainable development trends of research and the coal enterprise's sustainable development dynamics, this study provides important research ideas and methods.
The second chapter, the related theory overview. Detailed expounds this dissertation related theory, including the theories of sustainable development, enterprise department sustainable development theory, the coal enterprise sustainable development theory, the theory of recycle economy and ecological economy theory, this dissertation studies the theory provides an important theoretical basis.
In the third chapter, righteousness coal group sustainable use in that strategic external environmental analysis. This chapter first from the coal industry definition and basic knowledge of coal industry are introduced; Secondly, from the world's coal resources distribution, industry status, large-scale coal company production and operation situation and the development tendency of the coal industry and the world development trend of the four aspects analyzes the similarities and differences between the general situation of the development of the coal industry; At last, from the distribution of coal resources in China, the current situation of the development of the coal industry and the problems it faces, industrial organization analysis, industry segmentation, coal industry economy operation evaluation, the coal industry development forecast and prospect analysis of the six aspects in our country's coal industry development situation.
The fourth chapter, righteousness coal group strategy of sustainable development is the internal environment analysis. This chapter from righteousness coal group situation, resources, product structure, market distribution and production and marketing status, human resources and financial status of six aspects righteousness coal group internal environment to carry on the thorough analysis.
Chapter5, righteousness coal group and the industry enterprise comparative study. This chapter first to righteousness coal group and province coal enterprise are compared; Secondly, the righteous coal group and outside the province's coal enterprise are compared; Finally, according to the comparison between the insurance enterprise, it is concluded that the righteous their implications for the development of the coal group.
Chapter6, righteousness coal group of SWOT analysis and strategic choice, this chapter firstly righteousness coal group's internal advantages and disadvantages, external opportunities and threats on the SWOT analysis, according to the results of analysis on righteousness coal group industrial organization, resource development, the capital operation, human resources, scientific and technological innovation, enterprise culture, management innovation seven aspects of strategy choice.
Chapter7, righteousness coal group for the sustainable development of the game analysis, this chapter on the basis of the game theory, this dissertation analyzes the righteous coal group for the sustainable development of the contradictions and problems, and to all contradiction game analysis.
Chapter9, righteousness coal group sustainable development strategy implementation way and safeguard measures. This chapter in the front chapters research basis, puts forward the implementation approaches are:to rely on the system construction, standardize enterprise operation; The development of recycling economy, optimize the industrial structure; Increasing improvement supervision dynamics, builds the good development order; To promote their core competitiveness; Strengthening technical innovation; The courage to take responsibility, promote the enterprise image. Puts forward the safeguard measures are:organizational measures, the system measures and properly handle the five relations.
Chapter ten. Conclusion and prospect. This chapter summarizes all the research results in this dissertation and the deficiencies, hope in the future research improved.
This dissertation studies the process of innovation points are mainly:first of all, the dissertation systematically studies the sustainable development of strategically related theory, formed the system theory system; Secondly, this dissertation, from internal and external environment, using the SWOT analysis method, the game theory to righteousness coal group development strategy of sustainable development of the environment, the opportunities for further analysis and chromatography analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of the sustainable development of the coal group righteousness ability to carry on the appraisal, and finally puts forward the implementation of the sustainable development strategy development ways and safeguard measures. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the strategy of sustainable development of coal enterprise to provide the system research method.
引文
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