直线电机轮轨交通气隙及轨道平顺性对系统动力响应影响研究
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摘要
直线电机轮轨交通采用直线感应电机牵引,轮轨系统支撑与导向。直线电机与感应板之间的气隙(简称为气隙)对行车动力性能具有重要影响,其值必须保证在毫米级的精度范围内,通常为8至12mm。线路平顺性、特别是感应板高度变化等均会对气隙大小产生影响,从而影响直线电机牵引效率及行车安全性。因此,直线电机与感应板气隙变化规律以及线路平顺性对其的影响等问题的研究对直线电机轮轨交通系统线路轨道结构设计及养护维修等具有重要理论意义和工程实用价值。
本研究从广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙和轨道不平顺检测分析入手,首先分析了静、动态气隙变化规律、统计特性以及轨道不平顺状况。其次,利用所建的动力学模型依次分析了直线地段和曲线地段气隙以及轨道不平顺对系统动力响应的影响。最后,在实测轨道不平顺基础上,探讨了直线电机轮轨交通站台与列车间空隙的合理取值。本研究旨在加深对直线电机轮轨交通系统磁轨气隙变化规律以及其对系统动力响应影响的认识,从而为直线电机轮轨交通线路的轨道结构设计和养护维修等提供理论依据和参考。
本文主要的研究内容包括：
(1)在广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙静态检测的基础上,分析了四号线感应板高度的变化规律及引起的原因。
(2)在广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙动态检测的基础上,分析得到了气隙动态变化规律、分布特征以及频率特性等。并与静态检测结果进行了对比分析,提出了动静结合的检测方法。
(3)对广州地铁四号线轨道不平顺检测数据进行了分析,得到了直线电机轮轨交通轨道不平顺特征。结果显示,四号线轨道整体轨道平顺性状况良好,特别是高低不平顺控制的较好,其峰值均没有超过I级管理限值12mm,因而能很大程度上减小轨道平顺性对气隙的影响。与美国轨道六级谱的对比表明,四号线轨道不平顺峰值和美国五级谱相当,而区段整体轨道不平顺质量指数要优于美国六级谱。
(4)应用所建模型分析得到了直线地段垂向电磁力和轨道不平顺对系统动力响应的影响规律。并对随机不平顺激励下,系统动力响应的频率分布特性规律进行了分析。结果表明,垂向电磁力对轨道结构振动位移和车体加速度影响较小,对轨道结构振动加速度具有较大影响,对轮轨垂向力的最大影响在10kN以内。提出了直线电机轮轨交通高低不平顺极限值应控制在12mmm内。轨道高低不平顺保养限值宜控制在4mm以内,此时气隙变化可控制在±2mm内,从而保证直线电机的具有较高的工作效率。
(5)应用所建模型分析了直线电机车辆曲线通过动力性能,得到了曲线地段气隙变化规律、直线电机车辆曲线通过动力特性以及线路平顺性对行车动力性能的影响规律。并提出了曲线地段直线电机与感应板气隙变化的解析公式,可用于分析线路曲线参数对气隙变化的影响。
(6)应用所建模型分析了不同线路状态、不同运行速度等条件下车辆各方向运动情况,以直线地段和曲线地段车体动态偏移量为基础,研究了站台与车辆间空隙的合理取值。结果表明：直线地段车站站台和车辆气隙可取为75-80mm,较目前采用的1OOmm,可以减少20-25mm。曲线地段车辆限界值至少可以比目前采用的限界值减小15mm左右。曲线地段站台半径宜取为1000m。与传统的车辆限界计算方法相比,本方法能更为准确地反映车体的最大动态横移量,从而为确定站台与车体间空隙的合理取值奠定基础。
:The linear metro vehicle is powered by linear induction motors (LIMs), supported and oriented by wheels. The propulsion and braking of vehicles are provided by the vehicle-borne LIMs which interact, through an air gap, with the LIM reaction plate (RP) fixed on the track system and runs parallel to the running rails. The efficient function of a LIM requires the air gap between the LIM and its RP to be maintained a certain proper distance, normally ranging from 8mm and 12mm. Track irregularities and the variety of the height of the RP have great influence on the air gap between LIM and RP. Therefore, an investigation into the alteration characteristics of the air gap and the track irregularity condition of an operating linear metro line, and an analysis of the vehicle-track system vibration, based on the measured data is of great significance.
In this study, Firstly, the static and dynamic alteration characteristics, statistical characteristics and the track irregularity condition are analyzed, based on the air gap and track irregularity measured Guangzhou Metro Line 4. Then, by means of the dynamic model developed in the research, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of the LIM vehicle-track system are examined. Finally, the reasonable gap between the carriage and platform edge of linear metro station is discussed.
The main contents of the presented paper are as follows.
(1) Based on the static measured data of the height of the RP of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the alteration characteristics of the RP are obtained and the resulting reason is discussed.
(2) Based on the dynamic measured data of the air gap between LIM and RP of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the alteration characteristics, statistical characteristics and frequency domain characteristics of the air gap are obtained. Compared with the static measured data, a measuring method combining the static and dynamic measuring method for the air gap are proposed.
(3) Based on the measured data of track irregularities of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the track irregularity status and quality are obtained. The results show that, the track irregularity is maintained on good condition. All the peaks of the geometric vertical irregularities are under the limit value of Grade one (12mm), which demonstrates the changing caused by track irregularities can be effectively controlled. The comparison of the track irregular profiles of Guangzhou Metro Line 4 and of FRA Track Classes 4,5 and 6 shows that, the track irregular peak of Guangzhou Metro Line 4 is close to that of FRA Track Classes 5, and the Track Quality Index (TQI) of f Guangzhou Metro Line 4 is better than that of FRA Track Classes 6.
(4) By means of the dynamic model, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of straight sections are examined, and the frequency domain characteristics of vehicle-track vibration are analyzed. The results show that, the vertical electromagnetic force has little influence on the vibration displacement of track structures and car body acceleration, however has great influence on the vibration acceleration of track structures, and the influence of the vertical electromagnetic force on wheel/track force is within 10kN. The limit value of the vertical irregular peak is proposed. From a security point of view, the vertical irregular peak should be control under 12mm, and for the work efficiency of LIM motor the value should be control under 4mm.
(5) By means of the dynamic model, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of curved sections and the curving performance of LIM vehicle are examined. Based on the analysis, a Theoretical formula of the alteration of the air gap is presented, which can be used to analyze the effects of alignment parameters on the air gap.
(6) By means of the dynamic model, the reasonable gap between the carriage and platform edge of linear metro station is discussed. The results show that, in the straight section, the present gap applied in Guangzhou Line 4 can be reduced about 20-25 mm, set as 75-80mm; in the curved section, the present gap can be reduced about 15 mm and the curve radius on curved platform should be 1000m. the proposed method for computing vehicle gauge can accurately evaluate the dynamic lateral movement of the vehicle, which provide a more reliable basis for selecting the reasonable gap between the vehicle and platform accordingly.
本研究从广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙和轨道不平顺检测分析入手,首先分析了静、动态气隙变化规律、统计特性以及轨道不平顺状况。其次,利用所建的动力学模型依次分析了直线地段和曲线地段气隙以及轨道不平顺对系统动力响应的影响。最后,在实测轨道不平顺基础上,探讨了直线电机轮轨交通站台与列车间空隙的合理取值。本研究旨在加深对直线电机轮轨交通系统磁轨气隙变化规律以及其对系统动力响应影响的认识,从而为直线电机轮轨交通线路的轨道结构设计和养护维修等提供理论依据和参考。
本文主要的研究内容包括：
(1)在广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙静态检测的基础上,分析了四号线感应板高度的变化规律及引起的原因。
(2)在广州地铁四号线直线电机与感应板气隙动态检测的基础上,分析得到了气隙动态变化规律、分布特征以及频率特性等。并与静态检测结果进行了对比分析,提出了动静结合的检测方法。
(3)对广州地铁四号线轨道不平顺检测数据进行了分析,得到了直线电机轮轨交通轨道不平顺特征。结果显示,四号线轨道整体轨道平顺性状况良好,特别是高低不平顺控制的较好,其峰值均没有超过I级管理限值12mm,因而能很大程度上减小轨道平顺性对气隙的影响。与美国轨道六级谱的对比表明,四号线轨道不平顺峰值和美国五级谱相当,而区段整体轨道不平顺质量指数要优于美国六级谱。
(4)应用所建模型分析得到了直线地段垂向电磁力和轨道不平顺对系统动力响应的影响规律。并对随机不平顺激励下,系统动力响应的频率分布特性规律进行了分析。结果表明,垂向电磁力对轨道结构振动位移和车体加速度影响较小,对轨道结构振动加速度具有较大影响,对轮轨垂向力的最大影响在10kN以内。提出了直线电机轮轨交通高低不平顺极限值应控制在12mmm内。轨道高低不平顺保养限值宜控制在4mm以内,此时气隙变化可控制在±2mm内,从而保证直线电机的具有较高的工作效率。
(5)应用所建模型分析了直线电机车辆曲线通过动力性能,得到了曲线地段气隙变化规律、直线电机车辆曲线通过动力特性以及线路平顺性对行车动力性能的影响规律。并提出了曲线地段直线电机与感应板气隙变化的解析公式,可用于分析线路曲线参数对气隙变化的影响。
(6)应用所建模型分析了不同线路状态、不同运行速度等条件下车辆各方向运动情况,以直线地段和曲线地段车体动态偏移量为基础,研究了站台与车辆间空隙的合理取值。结果表明：直线地段车站站台和车辆气隙可取为75-80mm,较目前采用的1OOmm,可以减少20-25mm。曲线地段车辆限界值至少可以比目前采用的限界值减小15mm左右。曲线地段站台半径宜取为1000m。与传统的车辆限界计算方法相比,本方法能更为准确地反映车体的最大动态横移量,从而为确定站台与车体间空隙的合理取值奠定基础。
:The linear metro vehicle is powered by linear induction motors (LIMs), supported and oriented by wheels. The propulsion and braking of vehicles are provided by the vehicle-borne LIMs which interact, through an air gap, with the LIM reaction plate (RP) fixed on the track system and runs parallel to the running rails. The efficient function of a LIM requires the air gap between the LIM and its RP to be maintained a certain proper distance, normally ranging from 8mm and 12mm. Track irregularities and the variety of the height of the RP have great influence on the air gap between LIM and RP. Therefore, an investigation into the alteration characteristics of the air gap and the track irregularity condition of an operating linear metro line, and an analysis of the vehicle-track system vibration, based on the measured data is of great significance.
In this study, Firstly, the static and dynamic alteration characteristics, statistical characteristics and the track irregularity condition are analyzed, based on the air gap and track irregularity measured Guangzhou Metro Line 4. Then, by means of the dynamic model developed in the research, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of the LIM vehicle-track system are examined. Finally, the reasonable gap between the carriage and platform edge of linear metro station is discussed.
The main contents of the presented paper are as follows.
(1) Based on the static measured data of the height of the RP of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the alteration characteristics of the RP are obtained and the resulting reason is discussed.
(2) Based on the dynamic measured data of the air gap between LIM and RP of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the alteration characteristics, statistical characteristics and frequency domain characteristics of the air gap are obtained. Compared with the static measured data, a measuring method combining the static and dynamic measuring method for the air gap are proposed.
(3) Based on the measured data of track irregularities of Guangzhou Metro Line 4, the track irregularity status and quality are obtained. The results show that, the track irregularity is maintained on good condition. All the peaks of the geometric vertical irregularities are under the limit value of Grade one (12mm), which demonstrates the changing caused by track irregularities can be effectively controlled. The comparison of the track irregular profiles of Guangzhou Metro Line 4 and of FRA Track Classes 4,5 and 6 shows that, the track irregular peak of Guangzhou Metro Line 4 is close to that of FRA Track Classes 5, and the Track Quality Index (TQI) of f Guangzhou Metro Line 4 is better than that of FRA Track Classes 6.
(4) By means of the dynamic model, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of straight sections are examined, and the frequency domain characteristics of vehicle-track vibration are analyzed. The results show that, the vertical electromagnetic force has little influence on the vibration displacement of track structures and car body acceleration, however has great influence on the vibration acceleration of track structures, and the influence of the vertical electromagnetic force on wheel/track force is within 10kN. The limit value of the vertical irregular peak is proposed. From a security point of view, the vertical irregular peak should be control under 12mm, and for the work efficiency of LIM motor the value should be control under 4mm.
(5) By means of the dynamic model, the effects of the air gap and track irregularity on the dynamic responses of curved sections and the curving performance of LIM vehicle are examined. Based on the analysis, a Theoretical formula of the alteration of the air gap is presented, which can be used to analyze the effects of alignment parameters on the air gap.
(6) By means of the dynamic model, the reasonable gap between the carriage and platform edge of linear metro station is discussed. The results show that, in the straight section, the present gap applied in Guangzhou Line 4 can be reduced about 20-25 mm, set as 75-80mm; in the curved section, the present gap can be reduced about 15 mm and the curve radius on curved platform should be 1000m. the proposed method for computing vehicle gauge can accurately evaluate the dynamic lateral movement of the vehicle, which provide a more reliable basis for selecting the reasonable gap between the vehicle and platform accordingly.
引文
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