水平井管内管外充填一体化研究
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摘要
对于疏松砂岩油气藏,水平井砾石充填技术不但具有好的防砂效果,而且还可以最大程度降低对油气井产能的伤害甚至带来增产。目前管外砾石充填技术在垂直井防砂完井上应用广泛,但在疏松砂岩地层水平井中的应用尚处于初步探索阶段。论文在水平井管内砾石充填研究基础上结合管外砾石充填技术提出了水平井管内管外充填一体化技术,并重点针对管外塑性挤压充填部分进行了机理及模拟研究。
由于水平井近井岩石力学参数是影响管外挤压充填的重要因素,论文研究并得出了岩石强度参数基于测井资料的多种经验计算模型;然后考虑生产时间及地层出砂对岩石强度的影响,提出并建立了疏松砂岩地层油气井近井岩石强度的时变模型,用于计算不同生产年限下地层岩石力学强度参数的变化规律。
根据岩石强度特性及施工条件,疏松砂岩地层岩石破坏模式分为裂缝开裂和塑性挤压破碎两种模式。论文以岩石强度计算的时变模型为基础,以不同施工条件下的地应力分布规律为依据,研究建立了一套疏松砂岩地层水平井近井地层在高压挤压条件下的破坏模式判别模型和方法。论文专门针对疏松砂岩地层水平井岩石塑性挤压破碎的破坏模式,根据摩尔-库伦准则以及平面应变轴对称问题的基本理论,对塑性挤压破坏进行了机理及模拟研究,推导并得出了高压挤压时塑性压实区域尺寸的计算模型。该模型考虑井周应力的非均匀性对管外破坏形态的影响,可以描述挤压充填后地层的破坏形态。
通过对水平井一体化充填的机理进行分析,论文将水平井一体化充填分为管外挤压充填和管内逆向充填两个过程,然后从水平井段筛套环空的砾石全悬浮临界流速入手,研究得出了管外挤压充填过程中的最低施工排量计算方法。基于论文的理论研究内容,开发配套的水平井一体化充填模拟软件,用于疏松砂岩水平井一体化充填中管外破坏尺寸计算及破坏形态动态模拟等。论文研究成果对于未来形成一体化砾石充填现场施工技术提供了基础和条件。
For unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, gravel packing technique in horizontal wells not only has good effects, but also reduces the impairment of the production of oil and gas wells and may even increase the production. Current casing outside gravel packing technology in vertical wells has been widely used, but the technology in horizontal wells of unconsolidated sandstone formation is still in the stage of preliminary exploration. In this paper, based on the study of casing inside gravel packing and the technology of casing outside gravel packing in horizontal wells, integration simulation model is proposed, and casing outside gravel packing is conducted in-depth study.
As the rock strength parameters are important factors in casing outside gravel packing, a lot of experiential models for the rock strength parameters based on log data and experience have been researched. The time-varying model of rock strength near well is proposed and established, in which the impact of sand production and the production time on rock strength are considered.
According to rock strength and working condition, unconsolidated sandstone failure mode has been divided into two modes: tensional frac and plasticity compress. A formation failure mode identification method is especially established, to judge whether the failure mode of the formation under high pressure extrusion is crushing failure or cracks occurred failure. For the compression crushing damage, according to Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the basic theory of plane strain axial symmetry, a method to calculate compaction zone size in high pressure extrusion is deduced, in which the non-uniform azimuthally stress effect on the compaction zone size is considered, and the model can be used to accurately describe the formation of extrusion failure mode after packing.
Finally, through the mechanism of packing integration in horizontal well, integration packing is divided into casing outside gravel packing and casing inside gravel packing. A method started on critical velocity of suspended gravel to calculate the minimum construction displacement in casing outside gravel packing is established. Based on all theories in the paper, an integration packing integrated calculation software is developed, which can be used to calculate casing outside compacting zone size and the compacting zone dynamic simulation in integrated gravel packing. The paper provides the basis and conditions for integration gravel packing field application in the future.
由于水平井近井岩石力学参数是影响管外挤压充填的重要因素,论文研究并得出了岩石强度参数基于测井资料的多种经验计算模型;然后考虑生产时间及地层出砂对岩石强度的影响,提出并建立了疏松砂岩地层油气井近井岩石强度的时变模型,用于计算不同生产年限下地层岩石力学强度参数的变化规律。
根据岩石强度特性及施工条件,疏松砂岩地层岩石破坏模式分为裂缝开裂和塑性挤压破碎两种模式。论文以岩石强度计算的时变模型为基础,以不同施工条件下的地应力分布规律为依据,研究建立了一套疏松砂岩地层水平井近井地层在高压挤压条件下的破坏模式判别模型和方法。论文专门针对疏松砂岩地层水平井岩石塑性挤压破碎的破坏模式,根据摩尔-库伦准则以及平面应变轴对称问题的基本理论,对塑性挤压破坏进行了机理及模拟研究,推导并得出了高压挤压时塑性压实区域尺寸的计算模型。该模型考虑井周应力的非均匀性对管外破坏形态的影响,可以描述挤压充填后地层的破坏形态。
通过对水平井一体化充填的机理进行分析,论文将水平井一体化充填分为管外挤压充填和管内逆向充填两个过程,然后从水平井段筛套环空的砾石全悬浮临界流速入手,研究得出了管外挤压充填过程中的最低施工排量计算方法。基于论文的理论研究内容,开发配套的水平井一体化充填模拟软件,用于疏松砂岩水平井一体化充填中管外破坏尺寸计算及破坏形态动态模拟等。论文研究成果对于未来形成一体化砾石充填现场施工技术提供了基础和条件。
For unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, gravel packing technique in horizontal wells not only has good effects, but also reduces the impairment of the production of oil and gas wells and may even increase the production. Current casing outside gravel packing technology in vertical wells has been widely used, but the technology in horizontal wells of unconsolidated sandstone formation is still in the stage of preliminary exploration. In this paper, based on the study of casing inside gravel packing and the technology of casing outside gravel packing in horizontal wells, integration simulation model is proposed, and casing outside gravel packing is conducted in-depth study.
As the rock strength parameters are important factors in casing outside gravel packing, a lot of experiential models for the rock strength parameters based on log data and experience have been researched. The time-varying model of rock strength near well is proposed and established, in which the impact of sand production and the production time on rock strength are considered.
According to rock strength and working condition, unconsolidated sandstone failure mode has been divided into two modes: tensional frac and plasticity compress. A formation failure mode identification method is especially established, to judge whether the failure mode of the formation under high pressure extrusion is crushing failure or cracks occurred failure. For the compression crushing damage, according to Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the basic theory of plane strain axial symmetry, a method to calculate compaction zone size in high pressure extrusion is deduced, in which the non-uniform azimuthally stress effect on the compaction zone size is considered, and the model can be used to accurately describe the formation of extrusion failure mode after packing.
Finally, through the mechanism of packing integration in horizontal well, integration packing is divided into casing outside gravel packing and casing inside gravel packing. A method started on critical velocity of suspended gravel to calculate the minimum construction displacement in casing outside gravel packing is established. Based on all theories in the paper, an integration packing integrated calculation software is developed, which can be used to calculate casing outside compacting zone size and the compacting zone dynamic simulation in integrated gravel packing. The paper provides the basis and conditions for integration gravel packing field application in the future.
引文
[1]董长银.油气井防砂技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社. 2009: 48-60
[2]万仁溥等编译.水平井开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1995: 125-132
[3]董长银,贾碧霞,张迎春等.大斜度井砾石充填机理[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2008, 32(5): 72-76
[4]金衍,陈勉,柳贡慧等.大位移井的井壁稳定力学分析[J].地质力学学报, 1999, 3, 5(1): 4-11
[5]阎铁,李士斌.深部井眼岩石力学理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2002: 98-105
[6]楼一珊,金业权.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2006: 44-52
[7] R.A.Simangunsong et al. Wellbore Stability Assessment for Highly Inclined Wells Using Limited Rock-Mechanics Data [J]. SPE 99644, 2006, 9: 73-82
[8] Shaohua Zhou et al. On the Mechanical Stabitity of Inclined Wellbores [J]. SPE 28176, 1996, 6: 99-107
[9] Ali A. Garrouch,Abdullah S. Ebrahim. Assessment of the Stability of Inclined Wells [J]. SPE 68861, 2001, 3: 101-110
[10] X.Li,L. Cui,J.-C. Roegiers. Thermoporoelastic Analyses of Inclined Boreholes [J]. SPE/lSRM 47296, 1998, 7: 212-220
[11]刘向君,罗平亚.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2004, 10: 55-63
[12] Ercill Hunt著,金羽龙等译.根据测井分析确定岩石力学特性值[J].石油物探译丛. 1998, 3: 73-77
[13]丁次乾.矿场地球物理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社. 1992, 9: 34-39
[14]刘之的,夏宏泉,陈平.岩石泊松比的测井计算方法研究[J].测井技术, 2003, 28(6): 508-510
[15]李士斌,艾池,刘立军.测井资料与岩石力学参数相关性及其在井壁力学稳定性计算中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺, 1999, 21(1): 43-47
[16]楼一珊.利用声波测井计算岩石的力学参数[J].探矿工程. 1998, 3: 47-49
[17]陈勉,陈治喜,黄荣樽.大斜度井水压裂缝起裂研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).1995, 4, 19(2): 30-35
[18]刘特洪,林天健著.软岩工程设计理论与施工实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001: 142-155
[19]陈昌富,秦海军.考虑强度参数时间和深度效应边坡稳定性分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 36(10): 1-6
[20]许宏发.软岩强度和弹模的时间效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1997, 16(3): 246-251
[21]金丰年.岩石的时间效应[D].上海:同济大学, 1993: 23-30
[22] GEORGE S.KALAMARAS, Z.T.BIENIAWSKI. A Rock Mass Strength Concept For Coal Seams Incorporating the Effect of Time[J]. ISRM 8CONGRESS-1995-062: 295-302
[23]范华林,金丰年.岩石强度时间效应及叠加原理的讨论[C].中国土木工程学会防护工程学会第六次学术年会论文集, 2008: 532-537
[24]吴建平.基于声波测井资料的疏松砂岩可压性研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 5, 24(3): 49-51
[25]闫相祯,王伟章,杨秀娟等.近井地带高压挤压问题的解析解[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 6, 32(3): 103-107
[26]王伟章,闫相祯.高压挤压防砂充填带形态仿真模拟[J].潍坊学院学报. 2009, 9(2):1-5
[27] Ralf Napalowski, Robin Hill. Successful Implementation of Horizontal Openhole Gravel Packing in the Stybarrow Field, Offshore Western Australia [J]. SPE 116434-PA, 2010: 156-167
[28] Forrest J K. Horizontal gravel packing studies in a full-scale model wellbore [J]. SPE 20681, 1990: 651-658
[29] A.F.L. Aragao, L. Quinter. A Novel Approach for Drilling and Gravel Packing Horizontal Wells in the Presentce of Reactive Shales Using a Solids-Free Synthetic Fluid [J]. SPE 102295, 2005: 312-323
[30] Penden J M et al. Design of an Effective Gravel Pack for Sand Control: A Numerical Approach [J]. SPE 13647, 1985: 254-263
[31] Wahlmeier M A et al. Mechanics of Gravel Placement and Packing: A Design and Evaluation Approach [J]. SPE Prod. & Eng., Feb. 1988: 99-107
[32] E. Harold Vickery. Through-Tubing Gravel Pack With Small Clearance: The Important Factors [J]. SPE 73773, 2002: 425-432
[33] F.O. Stanley. Rotating Jet Technology Improves Stimulation Fluid Placement to Effectively Treat Horizontal and Gravel Packed Wells-Lab model tests and global results are reviewed [J]. SPE 90174, 2004: 223-231
[34] Andre Leibsohn Martins, Agostinho Calderon. Sand-Control Aspects for Long Horizontal Section Wells in Unconsolidated Heavy-Oil Reservoirs [J]. SPE 118521-MS, 2009: 187-195
[35] B.V. Loureiro, J.V.M. de Magalh?￡es. Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack Placement Requirements in Selective Completion Projects [J]. SPE 122054 - MS, 2009: 98-105
[36]董长银,武龙,王爱萍等.基于平衡流速的水平井砾石充填a波砂床平衡高度预测与试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009.10, 33(5): 80-83
[37]董长银,邓珊,李爱萍等.大斜度井筒条件下沉积砂床表面颗粒起动临界条件研究[J].石油钻探技术, 2010.5, 38(3): 22-26
[38] Gruesbeck C, Salathiel W M, Echols E E. Design of gravel packs in deviated wellbores[J]. J. Pet. Tech., 1979, 31(1): 109-115
[39] OROSKAR A L, TURIAN R M. The critical velocity in pipeline flow of slurries [J]. AICHE Journal, 1980, 26: 550-558
[40] Penberthy W L. Gravel Placement in Wells. SPE 31147, 1995: 83-91
[41]岳湘安.液固两相流基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1996: 71-73
[42]李爱芬,王士虎,王文玲.地层砂粒在液体中的沉降规律研究[J].油气地质与采收率, 2001, 8(1): 70-73
[43]董长银,栾万里,周生田等.牛顿流体中的固体颗粒运动模型分析及应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 10, 31(5): 55-59
[2]万仁溥等编译.水平井开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1995: 125-132
[3]董长银,贾碧霞,张迎春等.大斜度井砾石充填机理[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版) , 2008, 32(5): 72-76
[4]金衍,陈勉,柳贡慧等.大位移井的井壁稳定力学分析[J].地质力学学报, 1999, 3, 5(1): 4-11
[5]阎铁,李士斌.深部井眼岩石力学理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2002: 98-105
[6]楼一珊,金业权.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2006: 44-52
[7] R.A.Simangunsong et al. Wellbore Stability Assessment for Highly Inclined Wells Using Limited Rock-Mechanics Data [J]. SPE 99644, 2006, 9: 73-82
[8] Shaohua Zhou et al. On the Mechanical Stabitity of Inclined Wellbores [J]. SPE 28176, 1996, 6: 99-107
[9] Ali A. Garrouch,Abdullah S. Ebrahim. Assessment of the Stability of Inclined Wells [J]. SPE 68861, 2001, 3: 101-110
[10] X.Li,L. Cui,J.-C. Roegiers. Thermoporoelastic Analyses of Inclined Boreholes [J]. SPE/lSRM 47296, 1998, 7: 212-220
[11]刘向君,罗平亚.岩石力学与石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2004, 10: 55-63
[12] Ercill Hunt著,金羽龙等译.根据测井分析确定岩石力学特性值[J].石油物探译丛. 1998, 3: 73-77
[13]丁次乾.矿场地球物理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社. 1992, 9: 34-39
[14]刘之的,夏宏泉,陈平.岩石泊松比的测井计算方法研究[J].测井技术, 2003, 28(6): 508-510
[15]李士斌,艾池,刘立军.测井资料与岩石力学参数相关性及其在井壁力学稳定性计算中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺, 1999, 21(1): 43-47
[16]楼一珊.利用声波测井计算岩石的力学参数[J].探矿工程. 1998, 3: 47-49
[17]陈勉,陈治喜,黄荣樽.大斜度井水压裂缝起裂研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).1995, 4, 19(2): 30-35
[18]刘特洪,林天健著.软岩工程设计理论与施工实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2001: 142-155
[19]陈昌富,秦海军.考虑强度参数时间和深度效应边坡稳定性分析[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 36(10): 1-6
[20]许宏发.软岩强度和弹模的时间效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1997, 16(3): 246-251
[21]金丰年.岩石的时间效应[D].上海:同济大学, 1993: 23-30
[22] GEORGE S.KALAMARAS, Z.T.BIENIAWSKI. A Rock Mass Strength Concept For Coal Seams Incorporating the Effect of Time[J]. ISRM 8CONGRESS-1995-062: 295-302
[23]范华林,金丰年.岩石强度时间效应及叠加原理的讨论[C].中国土木工程学会防护工程学会第六次学术年会论文集, 2008: 532-537
[24]吴建平.基于声波测井资料的疏松砂岩可压性研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 5, 24(3): 49-51
[25]闫相祯,王伟章,杨秀娟等.近井地带高压挤压问题的解析解[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 6, 32(3): 103-107
[26]王伟章,闫相祯.高压挤压防砂充填带形态仿真模拟[J].潍坊学院学报. 2009, 9(2):1-5
[27] Ralf Napalowski, Robin Hill. Successful Implementation of Horizontal Openhole Gravel Packing in the Stybarrow Field, Offshore Western Australia [J]. SPE 116434-PA, 2010: 156-167
[28] Forrest J K. Horizontal gravel packing studies in a full-scale model wellbore [J]. SPE 20681, 1990: 651-658
[29] A.F.L. Aragao, L. Quinter. A Novel Approach for Drilling and Gravel Packing Horizontal Wells in the Presentce of Reactive Shales Using a Solids-Free Synthetic Fluid [J]. SPE 102295, 2005: 312-323
[30] Penden J M et al. Design of an Effective Gravel Pack for Sand Control: A Numerical Approach [J]. SPE 13647, 1985: 254-263
[31] Wahlmeier M A et al. Mechanics of Gravel Placement and Packing: A Design and Evaluation Approach [J]. SPE Prod. & Eng., Feb. 1988: 99-107
[32] E. Harold Vickery. Through-Tubing Gravel Pack With Small Clearance: The Important Factors [J]. SPE 73773, 2002: 425-432
[33] F.O. Stanley. Rotating Jet Technology Improves Stimulation Fluid Placement to Effectively Treat Horizontal and Gravel Packed Wells-Lab model tests and global results are reviewed [J]. SPE 90174, 2004: 223-231
[34] Andre Leibsohn Martins, Agostinho Calderon. Sand-Control Aspects for Long Horizontal Section Wells in Unconsolidated Heavy-Oil Reservoirs [J]. SPE 118521-MS, 2009: 187-195
[35] B.V. Loureiro, J.V.M. de Magalh?￡es. Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack Placement Requirements in Selective Completion Projects [J]. SPE 122054 - MS, 2009: 98-105
[36]董长银,武龙,王爱萍等.基于平衡流速的水平井砾石充填a波砂床平衡高度预测与试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2009.10, 33(5): 80-83
[37]董长银,邓珊,李爱萍等.大斜度井筒条件下沉积砂床表面颗粒起动临界条件研究[J].石油钻探技术, 2010.5, 38(3): 22-26
[38] Gruesbeck C, Salathiel W M, Echols E E. Design of gravel packs in deviated wellbores[J]. J. Pet. Tech., 1979, 31(1): 109-115
[39] OROSKAR A L, TURIAN R M. The critical velocity in pipeline flow of slurries [J]. AICHE Journal, 1980, 26: 550-558
[40] Penberthy W L. Gravel Placement in Wells. SPE 31147, 1995: 83-91
[41]岳湘安.液固两相流基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1996: 71-73
[42]李爱芬,王士虎,王文玲.地层砂粒在液体中的沉降规律研究[J].油气地质与采收率, 2001, 8(1): 70-73
[43]董长银,栾万里,周生田等.牛顿流体中的固体颗粒运动模型分析及应用[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 10, 31(5): 55-59