杜84区块超稠油水平井钻采优化设计及应用研究
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摘要
随着石油行业迅速发展，钻井、完井、测井以及采油技术的不断成熟，复杂结构井技术也相应得到了提升，具体以水平井、侧钻水平井、水平井和分支井等为代表。水平井技术不仅适用于陆上油气田，更适用于沙漠、海上、河流、冰川等恶劣条件下的油气田开发；不仅适用于常规沼气田，更适用于稠油、高凝油、薄层及裂缝等特殊油气田开发。水平井可以大井段钻开油层，大幅度增加重力泄油面积，能在较低的油藏渗流速度下达到较高的油井产量，利于高速开发；水平段生产压差较小，可以有效防止底水锥进，并减缓地层出砂；水平井生产井段长，泄油面积大，适于超稠油开发。因此，水平井不仅适用的范围更广，而且可以解决常规钻井技术不能解决的钻井问题，对特殊油藏进行开发。
论文以杜84区块超稠油油藏的地质特征及油水特性为基础，对该区块水平井开采技术展开研究。针对杜84区块水平井优化设计及开采评价两方面研究内容，应用理论研究和实验相结合的方法，现场应用效果验证的研究思路，研究了超稠油水平井开采问题，最终实现对该区块超稠油水平井的优化设计并形成系统的开采评价技术。论文的主要研究内容及研究成果如下：
1．杜84区块超稠油油藏的地质特征及油藏物性。研究杜84区块的概况及开发现状、地质特征及其超稠油油藏的油水物理性质等几方面内容，确定该区块的构造特征、沉积特性、储层物性，为杜84区块油藏水平井的优化设计及开采评价提供地质基础。
2．杜84区块水平井井眼轨道的优化设计及绕障技术研究。研究水平井井眼轨道设计的影响因素、原则，水平井井眼轨道的优化设计方法，建立复杂井下条件下的三维绕障模型，最终实现杜84区块水平井的优化设计。
3．杜84区块水平井水平段位置及长度优化设计及评价。针对不同油藏类型，从水平井平面位置、方位、水平段位置及水平段长度等几方面内容对水平井水平段进行优化设计，完成辽河油田杜84区块水平井位置及长度的优选及评价。
4．杜84区块水平井水平段的筛管完井防砂优化设计及评价。研究杜84区块油层出砂机理及完井特点，对割缝筛管的完井防砂技术、弹性筛管的完井防砂技术、梯缝筛管的完井防砂技术及烧结滤网筛管的完井防砂技术进行优化设计，最终评价四种完井方式的现场生产效果。
5．杜84区块水平井水平段开采特征评价技术。研究水平段吸汽剖面测试评价技术、水平段产液剖面测试评价技术、水平段生产特征分析以及水平井生产特征对比评价，完成杜84区块水平井水平段开采特征的整体评价。
With the progress of oil drilling, completion, logging and oil recovery technique,horizontal well and other complex structure well technology have been developing rapidly.The horizontal well technology can not only be applied in oil and gas oilfields onshore, butalso be applied in oil and gas oilfields under severe conditions, such as sea, desert and glacierand so on, can not only be used in conventional methane field, but also be used in special oiland gas fields, such as high pour point crude, high viscosity oil and thin zone and so on.
The horizontal well can drill the reservoir in long interval, increase gravity drainage areagreatly, achieve high well yield in low seepage velocity, which promote high-speeddevelopment. The pressure difference of horizontal section is low, can prevent the bottomwater coning effectively and slow down formation sand production. The productive intervalof horizontal well is long, drainage area is big, so it is suitable for developing high viscosityoil. Therefore, the applicable scope of horizontal well is wider and can solve drilling problemswhich conventional drilling technology cannot solve.
This paper is based on the geological characteristics and oil-water characteristics inDu84block high viscosity oil, study of horizontal well drilling technology in the area. Focuson optimization design of horizontal wells and mining evaluation technologies, take themethod of combining theoretical research and experiment to study and take the research ideaverified by field application effect, researching on the problem of high viscosity horizontalwell recovering, finally realized the optimization design of horizontal wells of the block andforming a system of mining evaluation technology.The main contents and outcomes are asfollowing:
1. The geological feature and reservoir physical property in Du84block high viscosityoil. Research on general situation and development present situation of Du84block,geological characteristics and oil-water physical properties of the high viscosity oil and so onseveral aspects, then determine the block structure characteristics, sedimentary characteristics,reservoir property, to provide geological basis for optimization design of horizontal wells andmining evaluation technologies.
2. Optimization design of horizontal well borehole track and around the barriertechnology research in Du84block. Research influence factors of horizontal well boreholetrajectory design and principle, horizontal well borehole trajectory optimization designmethod, to establish3D around barrier model under the complicated downhole conditions, and finally realize the optimization design of horizontal well in Du84block.
3. Position and length of horizontal segment optimization design and evaluation in Du84block. According to different reservoir type, from the horizontal plane position, orientation,horizontal position and horizontal section length of a few aspects, such as content to optimizehorizontal well, and apply the above theory study of Liaohe oilfield in Du84block in thehorizontal position and length of selection.
4. Horizontal section of horizontal well screen completion of sand control optimizationdesign and evaluation in Du84block. Research oil sand production mechanism andcharacteristics of the well completion, slotted screen well completion of sand controltechnique, elastic screen well completion of sand control technique, seam ladder screen wellcompletion of sand control technique and sintered mesh screen well completion of sandcontrol technique to optimize design, finally evaluate the efficacy of the four completion wayof on-site production.
5. The mining features evaluation technology of the horizontal section in Du84block.Study of the steam absorption profile test evaluation technology of the horizontal section, theliquid producing profile test evaluation technology, production characteristics analysis andcomparative evaluation of the production of horizontal wells, complete the mining featuresoverall evaluation of horizontal section of horizontal well in Du84block.
论文以杜84区块超稠油油藏的地质特征及油水特性为基础，对该区块水平井开采技术展开研究。针对杜84区块水平井优化设计及开采评价两方面研究内容，应用理论研究和实验相结合的方法，现场应用效果验证的研究思路，研究了超稠油水平井开采问题，最终实现对该区块超稠油水平井的优化设计并形成系统的开采评价技术。论文的主要研究内容及研究成果如下：
1．杜84区块超稠油油藏的地质特征及油藏物性。研究杜84区块的概况及开发现状、地质特征及其超稠油油藏的油水物理性质等几方面内容，确定该区块的构造特征、沉积特性、储层物性，为杜84区块油藏水平井的优化设计及开采评价提供地质基础。
2．杜84区块水平井井眼轨道的优化设计及绕障技术研究。研究水平井井眼轨道设计的影响因素、原则，水平井井眼轨道的优化设计方法，建立复杂井下条件下的三维绕障模型，最终实现杜84区块水平井的优化设计。
3．杜84区块水平井水平段位置及长度优化设计及评价。针对不同油藏类型，从水平井平面位置、方位、水平段位置及水平段长度等几方面内容对水平井水平段进行优化设计，完成辽河油田杜84区块水平井位置及长度的优选及评价。
4．杜84区块水平井水平段的筛管完井防砂优化设计及评价。研究杜84区块油层出砂机理及完井特点，对割缝筛管的完井防砂技术、弹性筛管的完井防砂技术、梯缝筛管的完井防砂技术及烧结滤网筛管的完井防砂技术进行优化设计，最终评价四种完井方式的现场生产效果。
5．杜84区块水平井水平段开采特征评价技术。研究水平段吸汽剖面测试评价技术、水平段产液剖面测试评价技术、水平段生产特征分析以及水平井生产特征对比评价，完成杜84区块水平井水平段开采特征的整体评价。
With the progress of oil drilling, completion, logging and oil recovery technique,horizontal well and other complex structure well technology have been developing rapidly.The horizontal well technology can not only be applied in oil and gas oilfields onshore, butalso be applied in oil and gas oilfields under severe conditions, such as sea, desert and glacierand so on, can not only be used in conventional methane field, but also be used in special oiland gas fields, such as high pour point crude, high viscosity oil and thin zone and so on.
The horizontal well can drill the reservoir in long interval, increase gravity drainage areagreatly, achieve high well yield in low seepage velocity, which promote high-speeddevelopment. The pressure difference of horizontal section is low, can prevent the bottomwater coning effectively and slow down formation sand production. The productive intervalof horizontal well is long, drainage area is big, so it is suitable for developing high viscosityoil. Therefore, the applicable scope of horizontal well is wider and can solve drilling problemswhich conventional drilling technology cannot solve.
This paper is based on the geological characteristics and oil-water characteristics inDu84block high viscosity oil, study of horizontal well drilling technology in the area. Focuson optimization design of horizontal wells and mining evaluation technologies, take themethod of combining theoretical research and experiment to study and take the research ideaverified by field application effect, researching on the problem of high viscosity horizontalwell recovering, finally realized the optimization design of horizontal wells of the block andforming a system of mining evaluation technology.The main contents and outcomes are asfollowing:
1. The geological feature and reservoir physical property in Du84block high viscosityoil. Research on general situation and development present situation of Du84block,geological characteristics and oil-water physical properties of the high viscosity oil and so onseveral aspects, then determine the block structure characteristics, sedimentary characteristics,reservoir property, to provide geological basis for optimization design of horizontal wells andmining evaluation technologies.
2. Optimization design of horizontal well borehole track and around the barriertechnology research in Du84block. Research influence factors of horizontal well boreholetrajectory design and principle, horizontal well borehole trajectory optimization designmethod, to establish3D around barrier model under the complicated downhole conditions, and finally realize the optimization design of horizontal well in Du84block.
3. Position and length of horizontal segment optimization design and evaluation in Du84block. According to different reservoir type, from the horizontal plane position, orientation,horizontal position and horizontal section length of a few aspects, such as content to optimizehorizontal well, and apply the above theory study of Liaohe oilfield in Du84block in thehorizontal position and length of selection.
4. Horizontal section of horizontal well screen completion of sand control optimizationdesign and evaluation in Du84block. Research oil sand production mechanism andcharacteristics of the well completion, slotted screen well completion of sand controltechnique, elastic screen well completion of sand control technique, seam ladder screen wellcompletion of sand control technique and sintered mesh screen well completion of sandcontrol technique to optimize design, finally evaluate the efficacy of the four completion wayof on-site production.
5. The mining features evaluation technology of the horizontal section in Du84block.Study of the steam absorption profile test evaluation technology of the horizontal section, theliquid producing profile test evaluation technology, production characteristics analysis andcomparative evaluation of the production of horizontal wells, complete the mining featuresoverall evaluation of horizontal section of horizontal well in Du84block.
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