渗流场与应力场耦合对隧道围岩和衬砌的影响分析
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摘要
本文以韶赣高速公路白山与回龙山隧道为工程背景，研究了隧道围岩渗流场与应力场耦合的机理及数学模型，通过对围岩参数反分析理论和方法的研究应用，采用遗传算法，结合韶赣高速公路施工过程中的水压力监测数据，对隧址区的围岩渗透系数进行了反分析计算，通过建立有限元分析模型，分别计算了韶赣高速公路优化设计断面以及隧道标准设计断面的受力性能，通过大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS的用户子程序，建立了渗流场与应力场耦合的本构关系子程序，分析了两种断面在双场耦合条件和固结耦合关系下隧道围岩以及衬砌的力学特性，最后通过计算隧道衬砌各断面的安全系数，对优化设计断面与标准设计断面在承受各种工况时的安全性进行了评估分析，通过可靠度理论，利用改进的一次二阶矩法计算了隧道各种设计断面的可靠度，得到了相应的计算分析结果如下：
（1）优化设计断面无论在安全性方面还是可靠性方面都优于隧道标准断面形式，尤其在承受水压力荷载下，优化断面将大幅度的提高隧道在不利受力区域的可靠度和安全系数，同时隧道其他部位的可靠度和安全系数也有明显的提高和改善。
（2）由渗流场和应力场耦合分析结果可知，在隧道施工过程中，随着应力状态的不断改变，其无论孔隙度、渗透系数、损伤量值都是在不断地变化之中的，本文相关计算结果更加符合实际工程情况。
The mechanism and mathematical model of seepage and stress fields coupling, by theback-analysis theory of surrounding rock parameter and applications are researched in thepaper, based on the Baishan and Huilongshan mountain tunnel engineering of GuangdongShaogan Expressway, using the genetic algorithm combining with the water pressuremonitoring data of Shaogan expressway construction, infiltration coefficient of the tunnel siteof the rock by the back analysis is being calculated, the strutural properties of cross sections,considered optimal design Shaogan expressway tunnel section and the standard design tunnelsection, are calculated based on the finite element models and the analysis software ABAQUSuser subroutine, the seepage field and stress field coupled constitutive relation subroutine foranalysis of the mechanical properties of surrounding rock and the lining under seepage andstress fields coupling and consolidation are considered respectively, with taken two crosssections into account, finally all cross section safety factor for the optimum design section andthe standard design one are calculated to assess the safety, by the use of improved first ordersecond moment method in the reliability theory, to calculate the reliability of the tunnelsection of various design and the analysis results obtained are as follows :
(1) The safety or reliability for the optimal section design are better than that of standardones, in particular in the case of withstanding water pressure load, the reliability and safetyfactor for optimmal tunnel sections are improved greatly in the worst combination area ofinternal forces, on the other hand, these parameters on other parts of the tunnel are alsoincreased and improved significantly.
(2) The coupled analysis results considering the seepage field and stress field shows thatthe porosity, permeability, damage value are constantly changing with the different stress statein the process of tunnel construction, and the calculation results ih the paper are verified bythe practice.
（1）优化设计断面无论在安全性方面还是可靠性方面都优于隧道标准断面形式，尤其在承受水压力荷载下，优化断面将大幅度的提高隧道在不利受力区域的可靠度和安全系数，同时隧道其他部位的可靠度和安全系数也有明显的提高和改善。
（2）由渗流场和应力场耦合分析结果可知，在隧道施工过程中，随着应力状态的不断改变，其无论孔隙度、渗透系数、损伤量值都是在不断地变化之中的，本文相关计算结果更加符合实际工程情况。
The mechanism and mathematical model of seepage and stress fields coupling, by theback-analysis theory of surrounding rock parameter and applications are researched in thepaper, based on the Baishan and Huilongshan mountain tunnel engineering of GuangdongShaogan Expressway, using the genetic algorithm combining with the water pressuremonitoring data of Shaogan expressway construction, infiltration coefficient of the tunnel siteof the rock by the back analysis is being calculated, the strutural properties of cross sections,considered optimal design Shaogan expressway tunnel section and the standard design tunnelsection, are calculated based on the finite element models and the analysis software ABAQUSuser subroutine, the seepage field and stress field coupled constitutive relation subroutine foranalysis of the mechanical properties of surrounding rock and the lining under seepage andstress fields coupling and consolidation are considered respectively, with taken two crosssections into account, finally all cross section safety factor for the optimum design section andthe standard design one are calculated to assess the safety, by the use of improved first ordersecond moment method in the reliability theory, to calculate the reliability of the tunnelsection of various design and the analysis results obtained are as follows :
(1) The safety or reliability for the optimal section design are better than that of standardones, in particular in the case of withstanding water pressure load, the reliability and safetyfactor for optimmal tunnel sections are improved greatly in the worst combination area ofinternal forces, on the other hand, these parameters on other parts of the tunnel are alsoincreased and improved significantly.
(2) The coupled analysis results considering the seepage field and stress field shows thatthe porosity, permeability, damage value are constantly changing with the different stress statein the process of tunnel construction, and the calculation results ih the paper are verified bythe practice.
引文
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[2]高新强.高水压山岭隧道衬砌水压力分布规律研究[D].成都.西南交通大学,2005
[3]周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉,等.复杂岩体多场广义耦合分析导论[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008：8
[4]仵彦卿.岩土水力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[5]任长吉,黄涛.裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场耦合数学模型的研究[J].武汉大学学报（工学版）,2004,37（2）：8-12
[6] Louis C..Maini Y.N.T..Determination of in situ hydralic parameters injointed rock[C].Proc.2nd Congr.ISRM,1970,VOL.1
[7]仵颜卿.岩体水力学基础（三）-岩体渗流场与应力场耦合的集中参数模型及连续介质模型[J].水文地质工程地质,1997,2:54-57
[8]田开铭.对裂隙岩石渗透性的初步探讨.地质研究,1982.1
[9]周创兵,陈益峰,姜清辉,等.复杂岩体多场广义耦合分析导论[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008
[10]张有天.岩石水力学与工程[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005
[11]黄涛.渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D] .成都：西南交通大学,1997
[12]李守巨.智能计算与参数反演[M].北京：科学出版社,2008
[13]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法理论应用与软件实现[M].西安：西安交通大学,2001
[14]雷英杰,张善文,李续武,等. MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[15]杨林德.岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程试验[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[16]王媛,刘杰.裂隙岩体渗流场与应力场动态全耦合参数反演[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27（8）
[17]邓祥辉.采用遗传算法和有限元法进行高坝工程渗流反问题研究[D].西安：西安理工大学,2006
[18]陈卫忠,伍国军,贾善坡.ABAQUS在隧道及地下工程中的应用[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2010
[19] S.-W. Nam, A. Bobet.Radial Deformations Induced by GroundwaterFlow on DeepCircular Tunnels[J].Rock Mech. Rock Engng,2007,40 (1),:23–39
[20]Tirupathi R.Chandrupatla,Ashok D.Belegundu.Introduction to Finite Elementsin Engineeting[M],3rd.Zeng pan.北京:清华大学,2006
[21]李培超,孔祥言,卢德唐.饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流的数学模型[J].水动力学研究与进展,2003,18(4)
[22]李培超.多孔介质流-固耦合渗流数学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16)
[23]白矛,刘天泉.孔隙裂隙弹性理论及应用导论.北京[M]：石油工业出版社,1999
[24] JTG D70-2004,公路隧道设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[25]王金昌,陈页开.ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用.杭州[M]：浙江大学出版社,2006
[26] SIMULIA.Abaqus Analysis User's Manual[DB].ABAQUS6.9
[27]关宝树.地下工程概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007
[28] Naggar H.E,Hinchberger S.D,Naggar M.H.E.Simplified analysis of seismicin-plane stresses in composite and jointed tunnel linings[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquake Engineering ,2008,28:1064-1077
[29] Bobet A,Mutlu O..Stress and displacement discontinuity element method forundrained analysis[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2005,72:1411-1437
[30] Bobet A. Numerical solution of initiation of tensile and shear cracks[J].Proceedings of the 38th US Rock MechanicsSymposium, 2001. 731
[31]王建宇.隧道围岩渗流和衬砌水压力荷载[J].铁道建筑技术,2008,2
[32]谢康和,周建.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[33]陈卫忠,杨建平,杨家岭,等.裂隙岩体应力渗流耦合模型在压力隧洞工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25（12）
[34]陈五二.基于有限单元法的隧道抗水压衬砌结构设计[J].铁道工程学报,2007,7:68-70
[35]周益军,高燕希,等.隧道开挖时地下渗流场的模拟分析[J].公路与汽运,2008,4
[36]丁浩,蒋树屏,杨林德.外水压下隧道衬砌的力学响应及结构对策研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29（10）：2800-2804
[37]朱训国,杨庆,栾茂田.利用ABQUS模拟NATM隧道施工过程[J].岩土力学,2006,27（增刊）：283-288
[38] QIN Song-jun.Prospect of tunnel and underground engineering in sustainabledevelopment strategy[J].railway Engineering Journal,1998,(Supp):12-17
[39] ZHANG You-tian.Discussion on external hydraulic pressure upon rock tunnellining[J].Modern Tunnelling Technoloy,2003,40(3):1-4
[40] WANG jian-yu.Once more on hydraulic upon lining[J].Modern TunnellingTechnology,2003,40(6):5-10.
[41] Seok-Woo Nam, Antonio Bobet .Liner stresses in deep tunnels below the watertable[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21:626-635
[42] A. Bobet.Elastic Solution for Deep Tunnels. Application to ExcavationDamage Zone and Rockbolt Support[J]. Rock Mech. Rock Engng,2007
[43]王勇.隧道施工数值模拟及衬砌强度安全系数分析[J].岩土工程技术,2004,18(5):258-262
[44]高新强,仇文革.隧道衬砌外水压力计算方法研究现状与进展[J].铁道工程学报,2004,4
[45] JI Xiaoming,YANG Chunhe,BAI Shiwei. Structure and hydromechanical coupledcalculation model for rock mass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5)：763–768
[46] Noorishad J , Ayatollahi M S. A finite2element method for coupled stress and fluid flowanalysis in fractured rock masses[J] . Int. J . Rock Mech. Min. Sci.&Geomech.Abstr. ,1982 ,45(19) :185-193
[47]张金才,王建学.岩体应力与渗流的耦合及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10)：1981-1989
[48]刘永华.高等级公路隧道安全性评价研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2001
[49]刘义虎.高等级公路隧道支护结构的断面优化选型及可靠度分析研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2002
[50]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[51]张宇,万晓燕,陈礼伟.圆梁山隧道溶洞地段抗水压衬砌结构试验分析[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(4):62-67
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