智能型静止进相器的研制
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展，电力消费也随之快速地增长。近年来，全国用电增长速度明显高于经济增长的速度，电力资源已成为紧缺资源。如何节能降耗已成为近年来研究的热点课题。
在我国，电机所耗电能占整个工业用电的60％-68％，电机等感性负载所引起的无功损耗是电网无功损耗的主要来源，而大中型电机又是许多工业企业的主要用电设备，因此，如何减少大中型电机造成的无功损耗成为许多工业企业节能降耗的关键。
智能型静止进相器是专为大中型绕线式电机节能降耗设计的无功功率就地补偿装置。它串接于交流绕线式异步电机的转子回路，用以提高电动机的功率因数。
研制智能型静止进相器不仅可以发挥现有供电设备的供电潜力，降低电力损耗，从而达到节能目的，提高企业的经济效益，而且社会效益也十分显著：电机功率因数的提高，降低电力损耗，还有利于节省煤等不可再生资源，减少国家投资新建发电厂等。
本文主要对智能型静止进相器的研制进行了深入分析和研究。通过分析无功功率补偿器的原理，结合国内外最新研究成果，比较了几种常用无功功率补偿的方法。讨论了智能型静止进相器的构思、设计方案，详细地介绍了智能型静止进相器的系统设计、工作原理、硬件设计、软件设计，并对系统调试进行了说明，得出了实验结果。
实验表明，智能型静止进相器能够实现电机功率因数的提高，一般可提高到0.96以上。随着功率因数的提高，定子电流明显的减小，减小幅度在20％左右，从而有效地减少电动机供电线路的电压损失及电力损耗。电机功率因数的提高，定子侧的无功功率逐渐下降，从而达到了节能降耗的设计目标。
With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, electric power consumption also rises fleetly. In recent years, the rising speed of electric power consumption is higher than that of economy development remarkably. Electric power resource has become very scanty. Hence, how to economize energy sources and reduce wastage has become a hot problem researched in recent years.
In China, the quantity of electromotor-consumed electricity is 60%-68% of that of all industry-consumed electricity. Reactive wastage aroused by electromotor is central source of electricity wastage. Since large and medium-sized electromotor contribute mainly to the equipment consumed electricity of many industry enterprises, how to reduce wastage aroused by large and medium-sized electromotor has become the key to saving energy and reducing wastage for many industry enterprises.
Intelligent Static Phase Generator (ISPG) is a kind of equipment of compensating reactive power, which technically designed for large and medium-sized Wound-Type electromotor to save energy and reduce wastage. It is linked serially to rotor of Wound-Type electromotor and can enhance power factor of electromotor.
Development on ISPG can not only fulfill the potential of power supply equipments and reduce wastages of electric power to the aim of saving energy and enhancing economic benefits of enterprises, but also benefit the whole society. It also helps to save resources that are not recyclable, such as coal. Moreover, our country can reduce investment to build power plants, and so on.
In this thesis, development on ISPG is studied and analyzed in depth. Through analysis the theory of reactive power compensator and combining with up-to-the-minute research fruit both at home and abroad, several compensating reactive power methods are compared. Then design and blue print of ISPG are discussed. Furthermore the system design, work theory, hardware and software of ISPG are introduced in detail. At last, system debugging is illuminated and experimental results are presented.
The experiments show that ISPG can enhance power factor of electromotor to above 0.96 commonly. With the elevation of the power factor, stator electric current decrease obviously and its range is about 20%. So voltage loss and electric power wastage decrease effectively on electromotor power supply circuitry consequently. With the elevation of the power factor, reactive power on stator descends gradually, so the aim of saving energy and reducing wastage can come true.
在我国，电机所耗电能占整个工业用电的60％-68％，电机等感性负载所引起的无功损耗是电网无功损耗的主要来源，而大中型电机又是许多工业企业的主要用电设备，因此，如何减少大中型电机造成的无功损耗成为许多工业企业节能降耗的关键。
智能型静止进相器是专为大中型绕线式电机节能降耗设计的无功功率就地补偿装置。它串接于交流绕线式异步电机的转子回路，用以提高电动机的功率因数。
研制智能型静止进相器不仅可以发挥现有供电设备的供电潜力，降低电力损耗，从而达到节能目的，提高企业的经济效益，而且社会效益也十分显著：电机功率因数的提高，降低电力损耗，还有利于节省煤等不可再生资源，减少国家投资新建发电厂等。
本文主要对智能型静止进相器的研制进行了深入分析和研究。通过分析无功功率补偿器的原理，结合国内外最新研究成果，比较了几种常用无功功率补偿的方法。讨论了智能型静止进相器的构思、设计方案，详细地介绍了智能型静止进相器的系统设计、工作原理、硬件设计、软件设计，并对系统调试进行了说明，得出了实验结果。
实验表明，智能型静止进相器能够实现电机功率因数的提高，一般可提高到0.96以上。随着功率因数的提高，定子电流明显的减小，减小幅度在20％左右，从而有效地减少电动机供电线路的电压损失及电力损耗。电机功率因数的提高，定子侧的无功功率逐渐下降，从而达到了节能降耗的设计目标。
With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, electric power consumption also rises fleetly. In recent years, the rising speed of electric power consumption is higher than that of economy development remarkably. Electric power resource has become very scanty. Hence, how to economize energy sources and reduce wastage has become a hot problem researched in recent years.
In China, the quantity of electromotor-consumed electricity is 60%-68% of that of all industry-consumed electricity. Reactive wastage aroused by electromotor is central source of electricity wastage. Since large and medium-sized electromotor contribute mainly to the equipment consumed electricity of many industry enterprises, how to reduce wastage aroused by large and medium-sized electromotor has become the key to saving energy and reducing wastage for many industry enterprises.
Intelligent Static Phase Generator (ISPG) is a kind of equipment of compensating reactive power, which technically designed for large and medium-sized Wound-Type electromotor to save energy and reduce wastage. It is linked serially to rotor of Wound-Type electromotor and can enhance power factor of electromotor.
Development on ISPG can not only fulfill the potential of power supply equipments and reduce wastages of electric power to the aim of saving energy and enhancing economic benefits of enterprises, but also benefit the whole society. It also helps to save resources that are not recyclable, such as coal. Moreover, our country can reduce investment to build power plants, and so on.
In this thesis, development on ISPG is studied and analyzed in depth. Through analysis the theory of reactive power compensator and combining with up-to-the-minute research fruit both at home and abroad, several compensating reactive power methods are compared. Then design and blue print of ISPG are discussed. Furthermore the system design, work theory, hardware and software of ISPG are introduced in detail. At last, system debugging is illuminated and experimental results are presented.
The experiments show that ISPG can enhance power factor of electromotor to above 0.96 commonly. With the elevation of the power factor, stator electric current decrease obviously and its range is about 20%. So voltage loss and electric power wastage decrease effectively on electromotor power supply circuitry consequently. With the elevation of the power factor, reactive power on stator descends gradually, so the aim of saving energy and reducing wastage can come true.
引文
[1] 王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[2] Einar Larsen, Nicholas Miller. Benefits of GTO--based compensator systems for electric utility applications. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1992,7(4):2056-2062
[3] 林渭勋．现代电力电子电路．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002
[4] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[5] David Butt. Mark Sumner & Ton Clare. Harmonic Compensation In Active Shunt Filter Using Controllers Employing Harmonic Rotating Frames of Reference. EPE 99: 1-10
[6] 陈建业，王仲鸿等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状．清华大学学报，1997，37(7)：7-12
[7] 姜齐荣，王强等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)装置的建模及控制．清华大学学报，1997，37(7)：21-25
[8] Sangsun Kim and P. Enjeti. Control Strategies for Active Power Filter in Three-Phase Four-wires Systems. APEC 00:420-426
[9] 刘国峰．静止进相器补偿特点及其自动投切电气连锁电路．水泥，2001，2，45-46
[10] 顾绳谷．电机及拖动基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[11] 徐志媛．HPS智能型静止进相器的无功补偿原理及其应用．建材技术与应用，2003，1：26-28
[12] 孙树勤．无功补偿的矢量控制．北京：中国电力出版社，1998
[13] 唐琨良．静止进相器的构思．上海电器技术，1999，1，34-39
[14] 王俊纹，唐琨良．绕线转子异步电动机进相无功功率补偿的进展．电世界，1999，10：12-13
[15] 于斌．静止进相器节电效果分析．资源节约和综合利用，2000，12(4)，57-58
[16] 赵贺，电力电子学在电力系统中的应用．北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[17] 王卫海．89C2051单片机．国外电子元器件，1995，5：30-32
[18] 朱秀，谢子殿，姜华．89C2051在整流触发电路中的应用．黑龙江矿业学院学报，
2000，10(4)：43-46
[19] 刘文华，陈建业等．采用GTO的新型静止无功发生器．清华大学学报，1997，21(3)：24-29
[20] 侯志勇．由时基电路NE555组成的PWM直流电机调速电路．河南机专学报，1997，5(1)：30-33
[21] 李志刚．NE555时基单元集成电路在间歇继电器中的应用．汽车电器，2001，1： 38-39
[22] 万天才．高压大电流达林顿晶体管阵列系列产品及其应用．国外电子元器件，2001，2：19-21
[23] 张峰，张南纶，曾亮．九点控制器稳态控制策略分析．武汉理工大学学报，2003，5：71-74
[24] 李友善，李军．模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1992
[25] 汪木兰，顾绳谷．模糊控制的回顾和发展趋势．工业仪表与自动化装置，1994，1：3-6
[26] 梁慧冰，周青青．模糊控制的应用现状及未来发展趋势．广州自动化，1994，15(46)：1-5
[27] Czogala E, Pedrycz W. On Identification in Fuzzy Systems and its Application in Control Problem. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1981(6):73-83
[28] Halme A, Ahava O. Automatic Tuning of PID and Other Simple Regulators in a Digital Process Automation System. IEEE Trans Industrial Electronics, 1984,IE-31,№4(11): 74-78
[29] Ortega R, Kelly R. PID Self-Tuners: Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects. IEEE Trans. Industrial electronics, 1984, IE-31, No4 (11):332-40
[30] Zadeh L A. Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 1965(8): 338-353
[31] Mamdani E H. Application of Fuzzy Algorithms for Control of simple Dynamic Plant. Proc. IEEE, 1974:1585-1588
[32] 谭思云，张建中．一种新型的智能控制器——九点控制器．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，31(12)：41-43
[33] 陈晓云，谭思云．基于九点控制器的水轮机调速器研究．新疆大学学报(自然科
学版)，2003，20(3)：293-296
[34] 刘教瑜，陶亮，张南纶．九点控制器在超临界CO_2萃取设备中的应用．化工自动化及仪表，2003，30(5)：54-56
[35] 邓燕妮，田裕康，张南纶．基于九点控制器DLM的应用研究．电气传动自动化，2003，25(6)：34-36
[36] 陈静，裴喜平，袁琳．直流电动机调速系统九点控制器仿真．武汉化工学院学报，2004，26(1)：74-76
[37] 苏义鑫，张尉，张南纶．九点五态控制器及其仿真研究．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(2)：84-90
[38] 俞立新．新型式绕线式异步电动机无功功率的补偿的静止式进相器．能源技术，1996．3：40-41
[39] SG Jeog, MH Woo. DSP- based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control. IEEE Transactions on industrial Electronics 1997, Vol. 1: 329-336
[40] 崔正川．静止式进相器在粉磨电动机上的应用．四川水泥，2000，4：32-34
[41] 张延斌，付长春．静止式进相器的选择和应用．四川水泥，2003，3：28-29
[42] 付长春．静止式进相器的应用．吉林建材，2003，3：40-41：24-26
[43] Nassar Mendalek, Kamal AI-Haddad. Sliding Mode Control of 3-Phase shunt Active Filter in the d-q Frame. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference(PESC), 2002: 506-509
[44] S. Guffon, A.S.Toledo, S. Bacha and G. Bomard. Indirect Sliding Mode Control of a Three-Phase Active Power Filter. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference(PESC), 1995:1408-1414
[45] 杜屹．静止式进相器在轧钢机上的应用．冶金动力，2003，4：13-14
[46] Sangsun Kim, P. Enjeti. A New Hybrid Active Power Filter (APF) Topology. PESC, 2002:835-841
[2] Einar Larsen, Nicholas Miller. Benefits of GTO--based compensator systems for electric utility applications. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1992,7(4):2056-2062
[3] 林渭勋．现代电力电子电路．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002
[4] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[5] David Butt. Mark Sumner & Ton Clare. Harmonic Compensation In Active Shunt Filter Using Controllers Employing Harmonic Rotating Frames of Reference. EPE 99: 1-10
[6] 陈建业，王仲鸿等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状．清华大学学报，1997，37(7)：7-12
[7] 姜齐荣，王强等．新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)装置的建模及控制．清华大学学报，1997，37(7)：21-25
[8] Sangsun Kim and P. Enjeti. Control Strategies for Active Power Filter in Three-Phase Four-wires Systems. APEC 00:420-426
[9] 刘国峰．静止进相器补偿特点及其自动投切电气连锁电路．水泥，2001，2，45-46
[10] 顾绳谷．电机及拖动基础．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[11] 徐志媛．HPS智能型静止进相器的无功补偿原理及其应用．建材技术与应用，2003，1：26-28
[12] 孙树勤．无功补偿的矢量控制．北京：中国电力出版社，1998
[13] 唐琨良．静止进相器的构思．上海电器技术，1999，1，34-39
[14] 王俊纹，唐琨良．绕线转子异步电动机进相无功功率补偿的进展．电世界，1999，10：12-13
[15] 于斌．静止进相器节电效果分析．资源节约和综合利用，2000，12(4)，57-58
[16] 赵贺，电力电子学在电力系统中的应用．北京：中国电力出版社，2001
[17] 王卫海．89C2051单片机．国外电子元器件，1995，5：30-32
[18] 朱秀，谢子殿，姜华．89C2051在整流触发电路中的应用．黑龙江矿业学院学报，
2000，10(4)：43-46
[19] 刘文华，陈建业等．采用GTO的新型静止无功发生器．清华大学学报，1997，21(3)：24-29
[20] 侯志勇．由时基电路NE555组成的PWM直流电机调速电路．河南机专学报，1997，5(1)：30-33
[21] 李志刚．NE555时基单元集成电路在间歇继电器中的应用．汽车电器，2001，1： 38-39
[22] 万天才．高压大电流达林顿晶体管阵列系列产品及其应用．国外电子元器件，2001，2：19-21
[23] 张峰，张南纶，曾亮．九点控制器稳态控制策略分析．武汉理工大学学报，2003，5：71-74
[24] 李友善，李军．模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用．北京：国防工业出版社，1992
[25] 汪木兰，顾绳谷．模糊控制的回顾和发展趋势．工业仪表与自动化装置，1994，1：3-6
[26] 梁慧冰，周青青．模糊控制的应用现状及未来发展趋势．广州自动化，1994，15(46)：1-5
[27] Czogala E, Pedrycz W. On Identification in Fuzzy Systems and its Application in Control Problem. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1981(6):73-83
[28] Halme A, Ahava O. Automatic Tuning of PID and Other Simple Regulators in a Digital Process Automation System. IEEE Trans Industrial Electronics, 1984,IE-31,№4(11): 74-78
[29] Ortega R, Kelly R. PID Self-Tuners: Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects. IEEE Trans. Industrial electronics, 1984, IE-31, No4 (11):332-40
[30] Zadeh L A. Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 1965(8): 338-353
[31] Mamdani E H. Application of Fuzzy Algorithms for Control of simple Dynamic Plant. Proc. IEEE, 1974:1585-1588
[32] 谭思云，张建中．一种新型的智能控制器——九点控制器．华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，31(12)：41-43
[33] 陈晓云，谭思云．基于九点控制器的水轮机调速器研究．新疆大学学报(自然科
学版)，2003，20(3)：293-296
[34] 刘教瑜，陶亮，张南纶．九点控制器在超临界CO_2萃取设备中的应用．化工自动化及仪表，2003，30(5)：54-56
[35] 邓燕妮，田裕康，张南纶．基于九点控制器DLM的应用研究．电气传动自动化，2003，25(6)：34-36
[36] 陈静，裴喜平，袁琳．直流电动机调速系统九点控制器仿真．武汉化工学院学报，2004，26(1)：74-76
[37] 苏义鑫，张尉，张南纶．九点五态控制器及其仿真研究．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(2)：84-90
[38] 俞立新．新型式绕线式异步电动机无功功率的补偿的静止式进相器．能源技术，1996．3：40-41
[39] SG Jeog, MH Woo. DSP- based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control. IEEE Transactions on industrial Electronics 1997, Vol. 1: 329-336
[40] 崔正川．静止式进相器在粉磨电动机上的应用．四川水泥，2000，4：32-34
[41] 张延斌，付长春．静止式进相器的选择和应用．四川水泥，2003，3：28-29
[42] 付长春．静止式进相器的应用．吉林建材，2003，3：40-41：24-26
[43] Nassar Mendalek, Kamal AI-Haddad. Sliding Mode Control of 3-Phase shunt Active Filter in the d-q Frame. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference(PESC), 2002: 506-509
[44] S. Guffon, A.S.Toledo, S. Bacha and G. Bomard. Indirect Sliding Mode Control of a Three-Phase Active Power Filter. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference(PESC), 1995:1408-1414
[45] 杜屹．静止式进相器在轧钢机上的应用．冶金动力，2003，4：13-14
[46] Sangsun Kim, P. Enjeti. A New Hybrid Active Power Filter (APF) Topology. PESC, 2002:835-841