褐煤气流—喷动—移动床一体化干燥技术研发
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摘要
在我国乃至世界范围内,褐煤都有十分丰富的储量。随着我国石油、天然气资源的紧缺,以及对烟煤、无烟煤资源的过度开采,对褐煤的开发和利用将越来越重要。但是由于褐煤属于低阶煤,它含水量高、热值低,其应用受到了一定的限制。要大规模开发利用褐煤,必须对其加工提质。大连理工大学开发的固体热载体褐煤低温干馏技术(DG工艺),能将褐煤热解得到轻质油品、煤气和半焦,是一种经济、高效的褐煤利用技术。本文在DG工艺的背景下,以实现褐煤的干燥、输送和分离一体化为目标,以试验研究和专利技术为基础,将气流干燥、喷动床干燥以及移动床干燥进行合理组合,开发了一种新型的带内换热器的气流-喷动-移动床一体化干燥系统。
本一体化干燥技术研发包括带内换热器的气流-喷动-移动床一体化干燥器的数学模型、系统阻力模型、设备结构设计、设备的ANSYS分析设计,以及应力分析评定等内容。
一体化干燥器的工艺中,褐煤在气流干燥器底部加入,经热风干燥提升后进入喷动-移动床,气固在喷动床中分离,废气从床顶部排出,物料进入内热式移动床继续干燥,最后由床底部卸料。文章建立了直管型气流干燥器设计的通用数学模型。模型分析了恒速干燥过程中物料湿含量与气力输送过程中颗粒加速运动之间的不同关系,综合考虑了气固相对雷诺数Rer在过渡区、湍流区的情况,对一般气流干燥过程具有一定的普适性。对比了一体化干燥器与单一气流干燥器的设计结果,结论是一体化干燥器经济有效,热效率高、物料停留时间长。
设计了一体化干燥器主体与相关附属结构。气流干燥管与喷动-移动床分别用带刚性环的耳式支座固定,它们之间用波形膨胀节连接。喷动-移动床底部由一“天圆地方”结构与卸料搅龙连接。
利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,在不同工况组合下,分别对气流干燥器、喷动-移动床进行分析设计。分析了设备的应力强度分布,对应力结果进行应力线性化以及应力强度评定,并根据分析结果对设备结构进行了优化。分析设计结果表明,在设计工况下,气流干燥器和喷动-移动床干燥设备均满足应力强度要求。
There is a large quantity of lignite all over the world, including our country. With the shortage of oil and natural gas resources, as well as over-exploitation of bituminous coal and anthracite resources, development and utilization of lignite is becoming increasingly important. However, lignite blongs to low rank coal, and its utilization is greatly restricted because of its high water contents and low calorific values. It is necessary to upgrade&improve its quality for large-scale development and utilization. DG process developed by DUT is an economic and efficient lignite utilization technique, which can be used to pyrolyze lignite into light oil, gas and carbocoal. An integrated pneumatic-spouted-moving bed drying system with internal heat exchanger is developed in the present work. This new drying system, which appropriately combines pneumatic drying, spouted bed drying and moving bed drying based on experiment study and patent technology, is aimed to achieve the integration of lignite drying, conveying and separating against the background of DG technology.
The development of this integrated drying technique includes of mathematical model of integrated pneumatic spouted mobile bed with internal heat exchanger, system resistance model, device structure design, analytical design of the device using Ansys software, and intensity evaluation.
In the process of the novel integrated drying technique, lignite is feed in the bottom of pneumatic dryer first, then is raised into the spout-mobile bed by hot air, and separates with air in the spouted bed, then partly-dried lignite fells into the mobile bed with internal heat exchanger to continue the drying process while exhaust air is discharged through top of the spout bed, and dried lignite is unloaded from bottom of the dryer finally. A universal mathematical model is built to design straight pipe dryer in the paper. The model has discussed the varied relationship between the material moisture content during constant rate drying and the particle acceleration during pneumatic transmission, considered the relative Reynolds number of gas-solid two-phase in both transition flow and turbulent flow, and therefore is applicable to general pneumatic drying situations. Compared with the results of single pneumatic dryer, the integrated drying performance, higher thermal efficiency and longer residence time.
The main device and subsidiary structure of the integrated dryer have been designed and drawn. The pneumatic dryer and spout mobile bed are connected by bellow expansion joint, and fixed by lug support with stiffening ring respectively. On the bottom of the spout mobile bed, round top and square bottom components are connected to the discharge auger.
The pneumatic dryer and spout mobile bed were analytically designed by ANSYS finite element software with various load cases. Stress intensity of device was calculated, linearized, and evaluated. In addition, the device structure was optimized according to analysis design. The study showed that results meet the stress intensity requirements under design condition.
本一体化干燥技术研发包括带内换热器的气流-喷动-移动床一体化干燥器的数学模型、系统阻力模型、设备结构设计、设备的ANSYS分析设计,以及应力分析评定等内容。
一体化干燥器的工艺中,褐煤在气流干燥器底部加入,经热风干燥提升后进入喷动-移动床,气固在喷动床中分离,废气从床顶部排出,物料进入内热式移动床继续干燥,最后由床底部卸料。文章建立了直管型气流干燥器设计的通用数学模型。模型分析了恒速干燥过程中物料湿含量与气力输送过程中颗粒加速运动之间的不同关系,综合考虑了气固相对雷诺数Rer在过渡区、湍流区的情况,对一般气流干燥过程具有一定的普适性。对比了一体化干燥器与单一气流干燥器的设计结果,结论是一体化干燥器经济有效,热效率高、物料停留时间长。
设计了一体化干燥器主体与相关附属结构。气流干燥管与喷动-移动床分别用带刚性环的耳式支座固定,它们之间用波形膨胀节连接。喷动-移动床底部由一“天圆地方”结构与卸料搅龙连接。
利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,在不同工况组合下,分别对气流干燥器、喷动-移动床进行分析设计。分析了设备的应力强度分布,对应力结果进行应力线性化以及应力强度评定,并根据分析结果对设备结构进行了优化。分析设计结果表明,在设计工况下,气流干燥器和喷动-移动床干燥设备均满足应力强度要求。
There is a large quantity of lignite all over the world, including our country. With the shortage of oil and natural gas resources, as well as over-exploitation of bituminous coal and anthracite resources, development and utilization of lignite is becoming increasingly important. However, lignite blongs to low rank coal, and its utilization is greatly restricted because of its high water contents and low calorific values. It is necessary to upgrade&improve its quality for large-scale development and utilization. DG process developed by DUT is an economic and efficient lignite utilization technique, which can be used to pyrolyze lignite into light oil, gas and carbocoal. An integrated pneumatic-spouted-moving bed drying system with internal heat exchanger is developed in the present work. This new drying system, which appropriately combines pneumatic drying, spouted bed drying and moving bed drying based on experiment study and patent technology, is aimed to achieve the integration of lignite drying, conveying and separating against the background of DG technology.
The development of this integrated drying technique includes of mathematical model of integrated pneumatic spouted mobile bed with internal heat exchanger, system resistance model, device structure design, analytical design of the device using Ansys software, and intensity evaluation.
In the process of the novel integrated drying technique, lignite is feed in the bottom of pneumatic dryer first, then is raised into the spout-mobile bed by hot air, and separates with air in the spouted bed, then partly-dried lignite fells into the mobile bed with internal heat exchanger to continue the drying process while exhaust air is discharged through top of the spout bed, and dried lignite is unloaded from bottom of the dryer finally. A universal mathematical model is built to design straight pipe dryer in the paper. The model has discussed the varied relationship between the material moisture content during constant rate drying and the particle acceleration during pneumatic transmission, considered the relative Reynolds number of gas-solid two-phase in both transition flow and turbulent flow, and therefore is applicable to general pneumatic drying situations. Compared with the results of single pneumatic dryer, the integrated drying performance, higher thermal efficiency and longer residence time.
The main device and subsidiary structure of the integrated dryer have been designed and drawn. The pneumatic dryer and spout mobile bed are connected by bellow expansion joint, and fixed by lug support with stiffening ring respectively. On the bottom of the spout mobile bed, round top and square bottom components are connected to the discharge auger.
The pneumatic dryer and spout mobile bed were analytically designed by ANSYS finite element software with various load cases. Stress intensity of device was calculated, linearized, and evaluated. In addition, the device structure was optimized according to analysis design. The study showed that results meet the stress intensity requirements under design condition.
引文
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