类土质边坡稳定性分析与工程应用
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摘要
类土质边坡在我国分布广泛,目前对该类边坡的变形破坏机理认识不够深入,边坡加固应用仍处于初步阶段。本文对类土质边坡的稳定特性进行了分析,对预应力锚索框架和预应力锚索框架+钢花管复合支护方式在类土质边坡加固应用进行了探讨。初步将风险分析相关内容引入到类土质边坡工程中。
对类土质边坡的概念进行了进一步的完善,提出了类土质边坡不仅仅存在于花岗岩溶岩等火山岩边坡,也存在于一些沉积岩类风化层组成的边坡中。对类土质边坡进行了分类,总结归纳了类土质边坡的滑面组合形式、破坏方式及失稳原因。类土质边坡特定变形破坏机理使得其稳定特性明显区别于单纯土质边坡及岩质边坡。
介绍了类土质边坡稳定性中的计算方法、边界条件、滑动面的处理和本构模型及计算参数的选取。结合具体工程实例建立数值分析模型,并对两种不同滑动模式进行数值分析,结果显示,考虑软弱结构面时的边坡稳定性相比不考虑软弱结构面时大大降低,且边坡滑移几乎全部发生在软弱夹层,从而验证了考虑结构面影响的科学性与合理性。
通过工程实例,着重分析了预应力锚索框架和预应力锚索框架+钢花管复合支护方式在类土质边坡的加固应用,同时对预应力锚索、框架梁及钢花管的施工进行了全面的阐述。应用有限元软件对加固前后的边坡进行分析计算,对比分析加固前后边坡的安全系数、水平位移、最大剪切应变情况及应力分布,可以看出用预应力锚索框架梁和注浆钢花管综合锚固技术在治理类土质边坡病害及增强边坡稳定性方面的良好作用。
对边坡风险分析的过程和阶段进行研究,通过对边坡风险因素识别,故障树的建立,确定影响边坡稳定的主要因素,并对边坡风险体的易损性和边坡失事破坏损失评价进行了研究。风险分析相关概念在边坡工程中的引入,为边坡稳定性分析提供了一条相对可靠的思路。风险分析方法能够克服安全系数法的不足之处,充分考虑到边坡工程中的随机性和不确定性,并以承认结构有失效(或破坏)的可能性为前提。边坡工程风险分析是一项综合性的研究工作,它需要多专业的研究配合,才能形成一个完整的体系。
Soil Similar Slope is widely distributed in China, and presently, the researches on its deformation mechanism and reinforcement technology are still at early stage. The nature and stability of Soil Similar Slope are analyzed, the adaptability plus with advantages of prestressed anchor cable frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube are discussed. The concepts concerning with risk analysis and assessment are introduced into slope engineering. The contents and conclusions of this paper can be listed as follows:
The concept of Soil Similar Slope is perfected.The idea that Soil Similar Slope exsits not only in lava slopes but also in deposit slopes is advanced. Classification, failure modes, collapse mechanism and buckling causes of Soil Similar Slope are summarized. The stability characteristics of Soil Similar Slope are apparently different from that of pure soil slopes and rock slopes.
Calculation method of the stablity of the Soil Similar Slope and its boundary conditions, ways to deal with landslide plane, constitutive model and selection of calculation parameters are studied. Catering to the character of the landslide deformation, numerical models combined with concrete project examples are established, this paper analyzes two landslide models with this numerical model. It is indicated that the stability of the Slope depresses greatly when the weak structural plane is taken into consideration. The landslide plane of the broken Slope differs tremendously from that of the Soil Slope. So with the effect of the weak structural plane, landslide almost happens on the weak structural plane.It proves to be that it is reasonable and scientific to take the effect of structural plane into account when calculating stability of Soil Similar Slope.
Advantages and adaptability of prestressed anchor cable frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube are explored through two practical projects and their construction technology in governing slope stability is discussed in details. By comparing stability safety factor, horizontal displacement, maxsium shearing strain and stress distribution of slopes un-reiforced and reinforced, FEM analysis shows that prestressed anchor jacked frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube can treat Soil Similar Slope diseases and reinfore slope effectively. Courses and phases of risk analysis and assessment about slope are introduced. Factors affecting stability of slope are summarized by way of risk identification, establishing of Fault Tree Analysis. Vulnerability of risk elements and loss assessment of slope failure are studied as well, which provides another new idea for slope stability analysis. Risk analysis and assessment may overcome the defaults of safety factor method, taking randomicity and uncertainties into adequate consideration.Risk analysis and assessment in slope engineering is a comprehensive job, which needs coordination of different professions.
对类土质边坡的概念进行了进一步的完善,提出了类土质边坡不仅仅存在于花岗岩溶岩等火山岩边坡,也存在于一些沉积岩类风化层组成的边坡中。对类土质边坡进行了分类,总结归纳了类土质边坡的滑面组合形式、破坏方式及失稳原因。类土质边坡特定变形破坏机理使得其稳定特性明显区别于单纯土质边坡及岩质边坡。
介绍了类土质边坡稳定性中的计算方法、边界条件、滑动面的处理和本构模型及计算参数的选取。结合具体工程实例建立数值分析模型,并对两种不同滑动模式进行数值分析,结果显示,考虑软弱结构面时的边坡稳定性相比不考虑软弱结构面时大大降低,且边坡滑移几乎全部发生在软弱夹层,从而验证了考虑结构面影响的科学性与合理性。
通过工程实例,着重分析了预应力锚索框架和预应力锚索框架+钢花管复合支护方式在类土质边坡的加固应用,同时对预应力锚索、框架梁及钢花管的施工进行了全面的阐述。应用有限元软件对加固前后的边坡进行分析计算,对比分析加固前后边坡的安全系数、水平位移、最大剪切应变情况及应力分布,可以看出用预应力锚索框架梁和注浆钢花管综合锚固技术在治理类土质边坡病害及增强边坡稳定性方面的良好作用。
对边坡风险分析的过程和阶段进行研究,通过对边坡风险因素识别,故障树的建立,确定影响边坡稳定的主要因素,并对边坡风险体的易损性和边坡失事破坏损失评价进行了研究。风险分析相关概念在边坡工程中的引入,为边坡稳定性分析提供了一条相对可靠的思路。风险分析方法能够克服安全系数法的不足之处,充分考虑到边坡工程中的随机性和不确定性,并以承认结构有失效(或破坏)的可能性为前提。边坡工程风险分析是一项综合性的研究工作,它需要多专业的研究配合,才能形成一个完整的体系。
Soil Similar Slope is widely distributed in China, and presently, the researches on its deformation mechanism and reinforcement technology are still at early stage. The nature and stability of Soil Similar Slope are analyzed, the adaptability plus with advantages of prestressed anchor cable frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube are discussed. The concepts concerning with risk analysis and assessment are introduced into slope engineering. The contents and conclusions of this paper can be listed as follows:
The concept of Soil Similar Slope is perfected.The idea that Soil Similar Slope exsits not only in lava slopes but also in deposit slopes is advanced. Classification, failure modes, collapse mechanism and buckling causes of Soil Similar Slope are summarized. The stability characteristics of Soil Similar Slope are apparently different from that of pure soil slopes and rock slopes.
Calculation method of the stablity of the Soil Similar Slope and its boundary conditions, ways to deal with landslide plane, constitutive model and selection of calculation parameters are studied. Catering to the character of the landslide deformation, numerical models combined with concrete project examples are established, this paper analyzes two landslide models with this numerical model. It is indicated that the stability of the Slope depresses greatly when the weak structural plane is taken into consideration. The landslide plane of the broken Slope differs tremendously from that of the Soil Slope. So with the effect of the weak structural plane, landslide almost happens on the weak structural plane.It proves to be that it is reasonable and scientific to take the effect of structural plane into account when calculating stability of Soil Similar Slope.
Advantages and adaptability of prestressed anchor cable frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube are explored through two practical projects and their construction technology in governing slope stability is discussed in details. By comparing stability safety factor, horizontal displacement, maxsium shearing strain and stress distribution of slopes un-reiforced and reinforced, FEM analysis shows that prestressed anchor jacked frame and prestressed anchor cable frame combined with steel floral tube can treat Soil Similar Slope diseases and reinfore slope effectively. Courses and phases of risk analysis and assessment about slope are introduced. Factors affecting stability of slope are summarized by way of risk identification, establishing of Fault Tree Analysis. Vulnerability of risk elements and loss assessment of slope failure are studied as well, which provides another new idea for slope stability analysis. Risk analysis and assessment may overcome the defaults of safety factor method, taking randomicity and uncertainties into adequate consideration.Risk analysis and assessment in slope engineering is a comprehensive job, which needs coordination of different professions.
引文
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[4]杨明.路堑类土质边坡锚固技术研究[硕士学位论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2002.
[5]赵晓彦.类土质边坡特性及其锚固设计理论研究[博士学位论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.
[6]胡厚田,赵晓彦.类土质边坡特性及其锚固设计理论研究.岩石力学与工程学报[J].2006,25(3).
[7] Whitman, R.V. Evaluating Calculated Risk in Geotechnical Engineering [J]. Journal of Gemechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.110, No.2, pp145-188, 1984.
[8] Fell, R.Landslide Risk Assessment and Acceptable Risk [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.31, pp261-272, 1994.
[9] Fell, R.Landslide Risk Assessment and Acceptable Risk [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.31, pp261-272, 1994.
[10] Fell,R.﹠Hartford, D. Landslide Risk Management[J]. Cruden﹠Fell, A.A.Balkerma Publishers, Rotterdam, pp51-109,1997.
[11] Finlay, P.J. The risk assessment of slopes.Ph.D.thesis, School of Civil Engineering [J]. The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 1996.
[12] Lacasse, S. Reliability and Probabilistic Methods [C]. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Debt, India, pp225-22 7,1994.
[13] Hartlen, J.﹠Viberg, L. Evaluation of Landslide Hazard [J]. Landslides, Bonnard C.pp 1037-1056, 1988.
[14] Einstein, H.H. Landslide Risk Assessment Procedure [J]. Landslides, Bonnard C.pp1075- 1090,1988.
[15] P.J. Finlay.G.R. Mostyn, and R.Fell. Landslide risk assessment: prediction of travel distance [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1999,36(3):556-562.
[16] F.C. Dai and C.F Lee. Frequency-volume relation and prediction of rainfall-induced landslide [J]. Engineering geology.2001,59(3-4):253-266.
[17] H.Ei-Ramly.Probabilistic Analysis of Landslide Hazards and Risks: Bridging Theory andPractice.Ph.D. thesis, Geotechnical Engineering Department of Civil and Environment- al Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, 2001.
[18]张业成,张梁.论地质灾害风险评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护.1996.7(3):1-6.
[19]张梁,张业成,罗元华等.地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.
[20]刘希林等.中国山区沟谷泥石流危险度的定量判定法[J].灾害学,Vol.8, No.1, 1993.
[21]汪敏,刘东燕.滑坡灾害风险分析研究[J].工程勘察,第2期,2001.
[22]汪敏.滑坡灾害风险分析系统理论及在港渝地区应用研究:[博士学位论文D].重庆:重庆大学,2001.
[23]赵其华.沟谷滑坡风险性评价[J].山地学报,2002.20(5):611-615.
[24]朱良锋,殷坤龙,张梁等.GIS支持下的地质灾害风险分析[J].长江科学院院报,2002,54(5):42-45.
[25]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理·方法·程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[26]麻荣永.土石坝风险分析方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社.
[27]谢全敏.滑坡灾害风险评价及其治理决策方法研究:[博士学位论文D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.
[28] Zienkiewicz O.C, Humpheson C and Lewis R. W. Associated and Nonassociated V isco-P lasticity and Plasticity in Soil Mechanics[J].Geotechnique,1975,25(4):671-689
[29] Bishop A.W.The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slope[J]. Geotechnique 1955 (5) :7-17
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