巴里坤湖孢粉浓缩物定年及湖泊记录的全新世以来气候变化
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摘要
湖泊是研究过去气候变化的良好载体,尤其是在高分辨率记录相对缺乏的干旱半干旱区,湖泊记录显得更为重要。但是由于干旱半干旱区湖泊容易受到碳库效应的影响,使得年代序列的建立,往往存在一定的误差。这给古气候的研究带来了很大的困难。14C测年是湖泊沉积物定年的主要方法,随着对全新世的气候环境变化模式的深入研究,对于湖泊样品中的年代要求更高,而不同的14C定年方法,造成了不同的误差。
文章通过对巴里坤湖部分样品,分别进行全样、植物残体、孢粉浓缩物定年进行比较,以探讨干旱区湖泊中更合理的14C定年方式。结果表明：孢粉浓缩物的测年值比同义层位的沉积物全样测年值年轻780年,这与用陆生植物残体推算出的碳库效应相似；孢粉浓缩物与植物残体的测年值极为接近,表明了它的潜在应用价值。在西北干旱区湖泊测年过程中,孢粉浓缩物有望成为一种可靠的测年材料。
通过对新疆巴里坤湖的地层剖面进行的精确定年和A/C分析,结合碳酸盐和粒度,重建了该地区8.8 cal. kyr BP以来植被和环境演化历史。结果表明：在末次冰消期及早全新世(8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP)研究区以荒漠植被为主,A/C值所指示的有效湿度明显偏低,气候干旱.8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP为气候环境逐渐改善的过渡期。研究区在中全新世(7.9～4.3 cal. kyr BP)为荒漠草原／草原,有效湿度明显升高,气候环境相对最为适宜,湖泊周围高地可能有片状的桦木林地出现。在4.3～3.8 cal. kyr BP这一短暂时期,研究区植被由荒漠草原／草原迅速转变为荒漠,有效湿度显著降低,可能是一次百年尺度的干旱气候事件。研究区在晚全新世(3.8～0.53 cal. kyr BP)呈现出典型的荒漠草原／草原草甸景观,有效湿度相对较高,气候环境相对较为适宜。0.53cal.kyr BP以来,呈现荒漠植被景观。区域对比显示,该地区8.8 cal. kyr BP以来的气候环境演化特征与东亚季风影响区有着明显的差异,在末次冰消期-早全新世气候干旱,中-晚全新世气候相对湿润。
The record of lakes sediment is a good and effective carrier to study past climate changes, especially in arid and semi arid areas where there is lack of high-resolution records relatively. However, due to the impact of the "reservoir effect" of lakes, there are always some errors during the processes of establishing a chronological sequence, which makes it difficult to research the paleoclimate.14C dating is one of the primary methods in dating lake sediments. With the further study of the Holocene climate changes, the higher-resolution dating of lake samples plays a more and more important role in the lake studies, whereas different 14C dating methods make different errors.
To explore more reasonable ways of 14C dating of the lakes in arid areas, based on some sample of Barkol Lake, this study compared the pollen concentrates for AMS 14C dating, with the whole sample analysis method for 14C dating and the terrestrial higher plant residues for 14C dating. Our dating results show that AMS 14C ages of the pollen concentrates are consistently 780 years younger than the whole samples in the same layer, which is similar to the "carbon pool" effect calculated through the 14C ages of whole samples subtract the 14C ages of terrestrial higher plant residues; the AMS 14C ages of the pollen concentrates is very close to the 14C ages of terrestrial higher plant residues, implying that the pollen concentrates can be expected as reliable dating material in the dating process of the lake sediments in arid areas.
A high-resolution proxies record from the sedimentary cores of Balikun Lake, combined with reliable chronology, is used to reconstruct the history of Holocene vegetation and climatic change in the study area. The climate environment was ameliorative in 8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP. The study area was desert steppe/steppe in middle Holocene (7.9～4.3 cal. kyr BP), and the effective humidity was improved dramatically, the climate environment was the optimum, while the adjacent upland of lake might grow Patch Birch Forest. The vegetation of study area changed form desert steppe/steppe to desert vegetations in the ephemeral period 4.3～3.8 cal. kyr BP. The effective humidity was decreased, and there might be a century arid climate event. There was a typical desert steppe/steppe scene in later Holocene (3.8～0.53 cal. kyr BP), and the effective humidity was improved dramatically. The desert vegetation appeared since 0.53cal.kyr BP. The comparison results of different areas appeared that the climate environment evolution in study area was different from the area controlled by the East Asian monsoon. The period of Last Glacial-Early Holocene was dry, while it was more humid in mid-later Holocene.
文章通过对巴里坤湖部分样品,分别进行全样、植物残体、孢粉浓缩物定年进行比较,以探讨干旱区湖泊中更合理的14C定年方式。结果表明：孢粉浓缩物的测年值比同义层位的沉积物全样测年值年轻780年,这与用陆生植物残体推算出的碳库效应相似；孢粉浓缩物与植物残体的测年值极为接近,表明了它的潜在应用价值。在西北干旱区湖泊测年过程中,孢粉浓缩物有望成为一种可靠的测年材料。
通过对新疆巴里坤湖的地层剖面进行的精确定年和A/C分析,结合碳酸盐和粒度,重建了该地区8.8 cal. kyr BP以来植被和环境演化历史。结果表明：在末次冰消期及早全新世(8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP)研究区以荒漠植被为主,A/C值所指示的有效湿度明显偏低,气候干旱.8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP为气候环境逐渐改善的过渡期。研究区在中全新世(7.9～4.3 cal. kyr BP)为荒漠草原／草原,有效湿度明显升高,气候环境相对最为适宜,湖泊周围高地可能有片状的桦木林地出现。在4.3～3.8 cal. kyr BP这一短暂时期,研究区植被由荒漠草原／草原迅速转变为荒漠,有效湿度显著降低,可能是一次百年尺度的干旱气候事件。研究区在晚全新世(3.8～0.53 cal. kyr BP)呈现出典型的荒漠草原／草原草甸景观,有效湿度相对较高,气候环境相对较为适宜。0.53cal.kyr BP以来,呈现荒漠植被景观。区域对比显示,该地区8.8 cal. kyr BP以来的气候环境演化特征与东亚季风影响区有着明显的差异,在末次冰消期-早全新世气候干旱,中-晚全新世气候相对湿润。
The record of lakes sediment is a good and effective carrier to study past climate changes, especially in arid and semi arid areas where there is lack of high-resolution records relatively. However, due to the impact of the "reservoir effect" of lakes, there are always some errors during the processes of establishing a chronological sequence, which makes it difficult to research the paleoclimate.14C dating is one of the primary methods in dating lake sediments. With the further study of the Holocene climate changes, the higher-resolution dating of lake samples plays a more and more important role in the lake studies, whereas different 14C dating methods make different errors.
To explore more reasonable ways of 14C dating of the lakes in arid areas, based on some sample of Barkol Lake, this study compared the pollen concentrates for AMS 14C dating, with the whole sample analysis method for 14C dating and the terrestrial higher plant residues for 14C dating. Our dating results show that AMS 14C ages of the pollen concentrates are consistently 780 years younger than the whole samples in the same layer, which is similar to the "carbon pool" effect calculated through the 14C ages of whole samples subtract the 14C ages of terrestrial higher plant residues; the AMS 14C ages of the pollen concentrates is very close to the 14C ages of terrestrial higher plant residues, implying that the pollen concentrates can be expected as reliable dating material in the dating process of the lake sediments in arid areas.
A high-resolution proxies record from the sedimentary cores of Balikun Lake, combined with reliable chronology, is used to reconstruct the history of Holocene vegetation and climatic change in the study area. The climate environment was ameliorative in 8.8～7.9 cal. kyr BP. The study area was desert steppe/steppe in middle Holocene (7.9～4.3 cal. kyr BP), and the effective humidity was improved dramatically, the climate environment was the optimum, while the adjacent upland of lake might grow Patch Birch Forest. The vegetation of study area changed form desert steppe/steppe to desert vegetations in the ephemeral period 4.3～3.8 cal. kyr BP. The effective humidity was decreased, and there might be a century arid climate event. There was a typical desert steppe/steppe scene in later Holocene (3.8～0.53 cal. kyr BP), and the effective humidity was improved dramatically. The desert vegetation appeared since 0.53cal.kyr BP. The comparison results of different areas appeared that the climate environment evolution in study area was different from the area controlled by the East Asian monsoon. The period of Last Glacial-Early Holocene was dry, while it was more humid in mid-later Holocene.
引文
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