专利知识获取及其支持概念创新设计的方法研究
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摘要
随着知识经济时代的到来,专利是促进企业发展的一个极其重要的知识源泉。日益加剧的市场竞争态势召唤着直接服务于产品创新的高效率专利知识获取及其支持产品创新设计的方法、技术和工具。在综合分析了概念设计和专利研究的历史和现状后,本文针对当前计算机辅助产品创新设计研究存在的问题,对面向概念设计的专利知识获取及其支持产品创新设计的理论和方法进行了研究,主要研究内容及成果体现在以下五个方面:
一、产品专利分类及专利原理知识表示模型研究
为充分利用专利资源服务于层次映射产品概念创新设计,提出了一种设计目标导向的专利文献分类方法,建立了由创新层次及创新原理知识、原理关联知识、专利原理方案知识和语言知识组成的创新设计知识体系,基于概念设计知识空间的层次结构理论,描述了已有知识空间和专利知识空间之间的关系,采用框架结构和概念图知识表示方法,提出了多层次专利复合功能原理方案表示模型,为实现专利知识的自动获取和支持创新设计奠定了良好基础。
二、基于自然语言理解的机械产品专利作用结构信息抽取方法研究
针对机械产品专利,利用非确定有限状态自动机建立专利技术组件信息抽取知识库,采用专业术语词典进行概念语义类别分析,以框架语义学为理论基础,构建了专利动词语义框架库,用于语义角色识别,提出了基于自然语言理解的作用结构方案信息抽取过程,研究了句法分析和语义分析的关键技术,并以美国专利为例进行了说明,结果表明该方法能提高专利作用结构方案信息的自主获取能力,有助于专利在概念设计中的深入应用。
三、专利深层原理知识的解释方法研究
构造了由设计目标、原理关联知识、可操作性规则、解释学习算法组成的学习框架;研究了支持解释学习的效应特征领域知识模型,建立了功能、效应、作用结构之间的原理关联规则,采用了基于概念图的不完全匹配方法,自下而上对产品作用结构进行解释操作,获取产品设计目标的功能效应方案描述,结果表明该方法可促进产品专利原理方案库的建设,充分反映产品的设计原理,可提高专利知识对产品创新设计的启发作用。
四、同领域专利知识支持的概念创新设计方法研究
分析了产品创新性判断的原则和基准,强调了同领域专利的作用,提出了面向性能目标的概念创新设计广义模型,描述了多路径创新设计进程,以概念设计知识空间的层次结构模型为基础,探讨了同领域专利知识启发的创新求解策略,结合了形态分析法说明了效应设计的具体实现,最后以钻夹头产品创新的成功实践为例具体说明方法的可操作性,进而验证了该方法可快速发现创新机会,有效提高概念设计阶段的产品创新能力。
五、计算机辅助产品创新设计系统平台的实现和应用
依据上述理论基础,研制了专利知识支持的计算机辅助创新设计原型系统,构建了由专利知识获取、创新设计和知识管理三个核心功能模块组成的软件框架体系,结合了企业具体应用,辅助设计和开发了多个钻夹头创新产品,并获得国家发明专利1项,实用新型专利2项。
With the era of knowledge economy coming,patent is a crucial knowledge resource to promote enterprise development.The increasing market challenge urgently demands methods,techniques and tools for patent knowledge acquisition with high efficiency to directly serve product innovation.After comprehensively analyzing the history and the current situation of conceptual design and patent research,aiming at product conceptual design,research on the problems of current computer-aided innovation was carded out. The main research and primary contributions are reflected in the following five aspects:
Firstly,research on the models of product patent classification and patent principle knowledge representation was constructed.A method of patent document classification guided by design objective was proposed to make full use of patent resources for product conceptual innovation.The knowledge system for product innovation,consisting of innovation level knowledge,association knowledge,principle knowledge and patent language knowledge,were set up.The relationship between patent knowledge space and the existing design knowledge space was described on the basis of hierarchy theory of knowledge space in conceptual design.Adopting frame structure and concept graph,the representation model for multi-level patent complex-function principle knowledge was established,which provided sufficient reference to product principle knowledge automatic acquisition from patent.
Secondly,research on method of working structure information extraction based on natural language understanding was put forward.By adopting non-deterministic finite state machine,the knowledge base for technical component knowledge extraction was set up.Semantic type of technical components was identified by special term dictionary.By taking frame semantics as theory foundation,patent verb semantic frame was constructed for identification of technical relations and their relating semantic roles.And the natural language understanding process of working structure information extraction was also presented combining with the key techniques of syntactic and semantic analysis,which were illustrated by USA patent.The Results showed that the method could enhance the capability of patent working structure information extraction and realize deepening application of patents in conceptual design.
Thirdly,research on method of patent deeper principle knowledge explanation was done.The learning frame was constructed with design objective,principle relative knowledge,operation ruler and explanation learning algorithm.Effect feature model of domain knowledge was studied to support explanation learning and relating principle among function,effect,working structure were set up.The incomplete matching method based on concept graph was proposed to explain product work structure information from bottom to top to obtain product function and effect knowledge.The results showed that this method could promote the construction of product patent knowledge-base and fully reflect product design principle,and improve the enlightening function of patent to product innovation.
Fourthly,research on method of conceptual innovation supported by domain patent knowledge was carded out.The principle and criteria for the judgment of product creativity was analyzed and the role of domain patents in product innovation was emphasized.Then a feature- objective-oriented general model for conceptual innovation design was proposed,which described the multi-path innovation design process.Based on hierarchy theory of knowledge space in conceptual design,the innovation solution strategies inspired by patents from the same domain were discussed and specific implementation of effect design combined with morphology analysis was explained. Finally practicality of this method was demonstrated by a successful instance of drill chuck products,which further validated its ability to rapidly grasp innovation opportunity and effectively increase innovation ability in conceptual design.
Finally,research on realization and application of computer-aided innovation system supported by domain patent knowledge was put forward.Based on the theoretical basis of the above,a computer-aided innovation prototype system supported by patent knowledge was developed.The software systems comprised three main modules,namely patent knowledge acquisition,innovation design and knowledge management. Combining specific application in enterprises,several innovative products of drill chuck was developed and one of them has been granted national invention patent,and two are under evaluation as utility model patent.
一、产品专利分类及专利原理知识表示模型研究
为充分利用专利资源服务于层次映射产品概念创新设计,提出了一种设计目标导向的专利文献分类方法,建立了由创新层次及创新原理知识、原理关联知识、专利原理方案知识和语言知识组成的创新设计知识体系,基于概念设计知识空间的层次结构理论,描述了已有知识空间和专利知识空间之间的关系,采用框架结构和概念图知识表示方法,提出了多层次专利复合功能原理方案表示模型,为实现专利知识的自动获取和支持创新设计奠定了良好基础。
二、基于自然语言理解的机械产品专利作用结构信息抽取方法研究
针对机械产品专利,利用非确定有限状态自动机建立专利技术组件信息抽取知识库,采用专业术语词典进行概念语义类别分析,以框架语义学为理论基础,构建了专利动词语义框架库,用于语义角色识别,提出了基于自然语言理解的作用结构方案信息抽取过程,研究了句法分析和语义分析的关键技术,并以美国专利为例进行了说明,结果表明该方法能提高专利作用结构方案信息的自主获取能力,有助于专利在概念设计中的深入应用。
三、专利深层原理知识的解释方法研究
构造了由设计目标、原理关联知识、可操作性规则、解释学习算法组成的学习框架;研究了支持解释学习的效应特征领域知识模型,建立了功能、效应、作用结构之间的原理关联规则,采用了基于概念图的不完全匹配方法,自下而上对产品作用结构进行解释操作,获取产品设计目标的功能效应方案描述,结果表明该方法可促进产品专利原理方案库的建设,充分反映产品的设计原理,可提高专利知识对产品创新设计的启发作用。
四、同领域专利知识支持的概念创新设计方法研究
分析了产品创新性判断的原则和基准,强调了同领域专利的作用,提出了面向性能目标的概念创新设计广义模型,描述了多路径创新设计进程,以概念设计知识空间的层次结构模型为基础,探讨了同领域专利知识启发的创新求解策略,结合了形态分析法说明了效应设计的具体实现,最后以钻夹头产品创新的成功实践为例具体说明方法的可操作性,进而验证了该方法可快速发现创新机会,有效提高概念设计阶段的产品创新能力。
五、计算机辅助产品创新设计系统平台的实现和应用
依据上述理论基础,研制了专利知识支持的计算机辅助创新设计原型系统,构建了由专利知识获取、创新设计和知识管理三个核心功能模块组成的软件框架体系,结合了企业具体应用,辅助设计和开发了多个钻夹头创新产品,并获得国家发明专利1项,实用新型专利2项。
With the era of knowledge economy coming,patent is a crucial knowledge resource to promote enterprise development.The increasing market challenge urgently demands methods,techniques and tools for patent knowledge acquisition with high efficiency to directly serve product innovation.After comprehensively analyzing the history and the current situation of conceptual design and patent research,aiming at product conceptual design,research on the problems of current computer-aided innovation was carded out. The main research and primary contributions are reflected in the following five aspects:
Firstly,research on the models of product patent classification and patent principle knowledge representation was constructed.A method of patent document classification guided by design objective was proposed to make full use of patent resources for product conceptual innovation.The knowledge system for product innovation,consisting of innovation level knowledge,association knowledge,principle knowledge and patent language knowledge,were set up.The relationship between patent knowledge space and the existing design knowledge space was described on the basis of hierarchy theory of knowledge space in conceptual design.Adopting frame structure and concept graph,the representation model for multi-level patent complex-function principle knowledge was established,which provided sufficient reference to product principle knowledge automatic acquisition from patent.
Secondly,research on method of working structure information extraction based on natural language understanding was put forward.By adopting non-deterministic finite state machine,the knowledge base for technical component knowledge extraction was set up.Semantic type of technical components was identified by special term dictionary.By taking frame semantics as theory foundation,patent verb semantic frame was constructed for identification of technical relations and their relating semantic roles.And the natural language understanding process of working structure information extraction was also presented combining with the key techniques of syntactic and semantic analysis,which were illustrated by USA patent.The Results showed that the method could enhance the capability of patent working structure information extraction and realize deepening application of patents in conceptual design.
Thirdly,research on method of patent deeper principle knowledge explanation was done.The learning frame was constructed with design objective,principle relative knowledge,operation ruler and explanation learning algorithm.Effect feature model of domain knowledge was studied to support explanation learning and relating principle among function,effect,working structure were set up.The incomplete matching method based on concept graph was proposed to explain product work structure information from bottom to top to obtain product function and effect knowledge.The results showed that this method could promote the construction of product patent knowledge-base and fully reflect product design principle,and improve the enlightening function of patent to product innovation.
Fourthly,research on method of conceptual innovation supported by domain patent knowledge was carded out.The principle and criteria for the judgment of product creativity was analyzed and the role of domain patents in product innovation was emphasized.Then a feature- objective-oriented general model for conceptual innovation design was proposed,which described the multi-path innovation design process.Based on hierarchy theory of knowledge space in conceptual design,the innovation solution strategies inspired by patents from the same domain were discussed and specific implementation of effect design combined with morphology analysis was explained. Finally practicality of this method was demonstrated by a successful instance of drill chuck products,which further validated its ability to rapidly grasp innovation opportunity and effectively increase innovation ability in conceptual design.
Finally,research on realization and application of computer-aided innovation system supported by domain patent knowledge was put forward.Based on the theoretical basis of the above,a computer-aided innovation prototype system supported by patent knowledge was developed.The software systems comprised three main modules,namely patent knowledge acquisition,innovation design and knowledge management. Combining specific application in enterprises,several innovative products of drill chuck was developed and one of them has been granted national invention patent,and two are under evaluation as utility model patent.
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