大学生军官职业角色转换研究
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摘要
大学生军官职业角色转换是大学生军官由地方大学生角色转变为合格的军人职业角色的过程,是其对职业角色的认知、体验和内化的过程,是大学生军官能否实现军营社会化,更快地适应部队开展工作的前提。本文采用问卷调查和非结构访谈的研究方法,对陆军某团大学生军官的职业角色转换的内容和过程进行了分析,并以此为基础综合运用了社会学、组织社会学和军事社会学的相关理论,对大学生军官的职业角色转换的实现途径进行了深入的分析和研究。本文的研究主要属于质性研究,并辅以定量研究,对于职业角色理论的发展具有一定的创新性,并且对如何提升大学生军官职业角色转换水平具有一定的现实意义。
首先,本文以陆军某团26名大学生军官为具体研究对象,通过对问卷调查与非结构访谈获取的资料进行梳理,分析了大学生军官职业角色转换过程中军事组织对其在职业角色技能、职业角色规范、职业角色关系和职业角色功能等方面提出的要求,以此揭示大学生军官职业角色转换的内容和细节。其次,本文从职业角色转换过程的阶段划分入手,阐释了职业角色预期社会化、职业角色初始社会化和职业角色的调适与发展三个基本过程,全方位再现了与大学生军官职业角色转换有关的重要因素。接下来,从社会化理论和角色理论出发,在对影响大学生军官职业角色转换的内在、外在因素进行详细分析的基础上,得出原有职业角色资源结构制约了大学生军官职业转换的速度与程度,在内在的转换压力和外在的环境压力的驱动下的角色交流与实践是大学生军官实现职业角色转换的根本途径的结论。本文最后基于前面的研究结果,在社会和个体层面对如何加快大学生军官的职业角色转换及如何提高大学生军官职业角色扮演能力进行了初步探讨。
The switch of university student officers’professional role is the process, in which they change their roles from the local college students to a qualified military officers; is the process, in which they acquire the awareness, experience and internalization of professional role; is the premise whether the college student officer achieve the military socialization, and quickly adapt to the force and begin to work efficiently.
In this paper, the certain one of army regiments is designed as the study object. through the method of survey and non-structure interview, analyze the contents and progress of university student officers’switch of professional role. Based on this, making an integrated use of sociology, organizational sociology and military sociology theory, analyze and research deeply the way to achieve the switch of university student officers’professional role. This study is mainly qualitative research, supplemented by quantitative research. It has some innovative for the professional role theory, and has a certain practical significance on how to improve the level of officer professional role switch.
Firstly, in this paper 26 university student officers in the army regiment are designed as the specific object of study. Through sorting out the information obtained from the questionnaires and unstructured interviews, this paper analyzes the request proposed by military organization, about professional role skills, professional role norms, relationship between professional roles, and professional role function in the process of professional role switch, in order to reveal the contents and details of professional role switch.
Secondly, starting from division about the stage of professional roles’switch, this article explains three basic phrases: professional roles’expected socialization, professional roles’initial socialization, adaptation and development of professional roles, comprehensively reproduces the important factors associated with the university student officers’professional role switch.
Next, in the context of the socialization theory and role theory, on the basis of making detailed analysis on the internal and external factors affecting the professional roles’switch of university student officers, this paper draws a conclusion:the original structure of professional roles’resource restricts the speed and level of professional roles’switch; the communication and practice of professional roles, motivated by internal conversion pressure and external environmental pressure, is the fundamental way to achieve the professional roles’switch of the university student officers.
Lastly, based on the previous findings, this paper conducts a preliminary study on how to speed up the professional roles’switch and how to improve the ability to play the professional roles of university student officers in the social and individual levels.
首先,本文以陆军某团26名大学生军官为具体研究对象,通过对问卷调查与非结构访谈获取的资料进行梳理,分析了大学生军官职业角色转换过程中军事组织对其在职业角色技能、职业角色规范、职业角色关系和职业角色功能等方面提出的要求,以此揭示大学生军官职业角色转换的内容和细节。其次,本文从职业角色转换过程的阶段划分入手,阐释了职业角色预期社会化、职业角色初始社会化和职业角色的调适与发展三个基本过程,全方位再现了与大学生军官职业角色转换有关的重要因素。接下来,从社会化理论和角色理论出发,在对影响大学生军官职业角色转换的内在、外在因素进行详细分析的基础上,得出原有职业角色资源结构制约了大学生军官职业转换的速度与程度,在内在的转换压力和外在的环境压力的驱动下的角色交流与实践是大学生军官实现职业角色转换的根本途径的结论。本文最后基于前面的研究结果,在社会和个体层面对如何加快大学生军官的职业角色转换及如何提高大学生军官职业角色扮演能力进行了初步探讨。
The switch of university student officers’professional role is the process, in which they change their roles from the local college students to a qualified military officers; is the process, in which they acquire the awareness, experience and internalization of professional role; is the premise whether the college student officer achieve the military socialization, and quickly adapt to the force and begin to work efficiently.
In this paper, the certain one of army regiments is designed as the study object. through the method of survey and non-structure interview, analyze the contents and progress of university student officers’switch of professional role. Based on this, making an integrated use of sociology, organizational sociology and military sociology theory, analyze and research deeply the way to achieve the switch of university student officers’professional role. This study is mainly qualitative research, supplemented by quantitative research. It has some innovative for the professional role theory, and has a certain practical significance on how to improve the level of officer professional role switch.
Firstly, in this paper 26 university student officers in the army regiment are designed as the specific object of study. Through sorting out the information obtained from the questionnaires and unstructured interviews, this paper analyzes the request proposed by military organization, about professional role skills, professional role norms, relationship between professional roles, and professional role function in the process of professional role switch, in order to reveal the contents and details of professional role switch.
Secondly, starting from division about the stage of professional roles’switch, this article explains three basic phrases: professional roles’expected socialization, professional roles’initial socialization, adaptation and development of professional roles, comprehensively reproduces the important factors associated with the university student officers’professional role switch.
Next, in the context of the socialization theory and role theory, on the basis of making detailed analysis on the internal and external factors affecting the professional roles’switch of university student officers, this paper draws a conclusion:the original structure of professional roles’resource restricts the speed and level of professional roles’switch; the communication and practice of professional roles, motivated by internal conversion pressure and external environmental pressure, is the fundamental way to achieve the professional roles’switch of the university student officers.
Lastly, based on the previous findings, this paper conducts a preliminary study on how to speed up the professional roles’switch and how to improve the ability to play the professional roles of university student officers in the social and individual levels.
引文
[1]毕宜滨,严东兴.提高地方大学生干部第一任职能力[J].政工学刊. 2008(10):52.
[2] Charles H. Coates & Roland J. Pellegrin. Military Sociology: A Study of American Military Institution and Military Life[M]. Maryland: The Social Science Press, 2006,56-58.
[3] Charles C Moskos.From institution to occupation:Trends in military organization armed[J]. Forces&Society. 2007: 4.
[4] Feldman D. C.“Socialization, re-socialization, and training: Reframing the research agenda”. In I. L. Goldstein (ed.). Training and development in organizations[M]. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007: 169.
[5] L.布鲁姆.社会学[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1991:120.
[6] D.波谱诺.社会学(第十版) [M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999:142.
[7] Van Maanen J. Breaking in: Socialization to work. In R. Dubin (eds.): Handbook of work, organization, and society[M]. Chicago: Rand McNally, 2006:132.
[8]张鑫.论军营情境对地方入伍大学生干部认同的制约[J].武警学院学报. 2007(5): 41-43.
[9]郑杭生.社会学概论新修[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:105.
[10]时蓉华.现代社会心理学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社, 2007:73.
[11]奚从清.角色论:个人与社会的互动[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2010:229.
[12] Daniel, R. Williams. Leisure Identities, Globalization and the Polities of Place. Journal of Leisure Research[M]. Arlington: Fourth Quarter, 2002: 102.
[13] Jonathan H. Turner.现代西方社会学理论[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1998:489
[14]青井和夫.社会学原理[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002:67.
[15] G.H. Mead. Mind, Self and Society[M]. University of Chicago Press,1934:25–32.
[16] Robbins R.H.. Identity, Culture, and Behavior. In Handbook of social and Cultural Anthropology. ed. by Honigmann. J. J.. New York: Rand McNally, 1974:159.
[17] Wanous J.P.. Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection, and socialization of newcomers Reading[M]. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992: 45.
[18] S .E. Seashore, T.D. Taber. Job Satisfaction and Their Correlation. American Behavior and Scientist[J].2005,18:346–347.
[19] M. Moore, J.E.Hofman. Professional Identity in Institutions of Higher Learning inIsrael Higher Education[J].2008,17(1):69–79.
[20] Samuel A. Stouffer. The American Soldier[M]. Vol.1. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1949:82.
[21] Morris Janowitz. The Professional Soldier:A Social and Political Portrait[M]. New York:The Free Press,1960:62-65.
[22] David Segal. Military Sociology. http://www.Bsos.umd.edu/socy/military.html, 2002.
[23] Samuel P. Huntington. The Soldier and the State:The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations[M]. Cambridge:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1957:133.
[24]陈莎.地方大学生新兵的角色适应研究[J].法制与经济(下旬). 2011(3):114-115.
[25]王国强,王国芳,田爱梅.论地方大学生入伍后的角色转换与调适[J].运城学院学报. 2008(3): 47-48.
[26]赵颉仕,孙晋蔚.强化“四种意识”提升综合素质——地方入伍大学生学员培训研究[J].继续教育. 2010(6): 56-57.
[27]李太忠.“官之初”的带兵之道——谈谈大学生干部如何提高第一任职能力.南京政治学院学报[J]. 2010(1): 80-82.
[28]王建民.地方高校入伍大学生军官健康成长的对策思考[J].牡丹江教育学院学报. 2004(5):68-69.
[29]洪文彦.充分开发入伍大学生干部资源[J].人才开发. 2005(2): 40-41
[30]张继平.论“军营情境”及对“学生官”军队认同的制约[J].武警学院学报. 2007(5): 80-83.
[31] H.H.Gerthand C.Wright Mills(eds.). From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology [M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946:196.
[32] Volker C.Franke. Generalion X and the Military:A Comparision of Attitudes and Values Between West Point Cadets and College Students [J]. Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 2001(Summer):106-108.
[33]彼得·布劳等.现代社会中的科层制[M].上海:学林出版社, 2001:20.
[34]爱弥尔·涂尔干.职业伦理与公民道德[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 2001:16.
[35]王群.坚持以科学发展观为指导,推进地方大学生干部队伍建设[J].内部资料.沈阳军区政工简讯. 2009(53): 71-73.
[36] Erhard Friedberg. Local orders: Dynamics of Organized Action [M]. London: JAIPress Inc., 1997:311.
[37] Richard Field. Culture and Socialization [J]. Management and Information Science. www.bus.ualberta.ca., 2002.
[38]〔美〕黑尔里格尔等.组织行为学(下册) [M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2001:977-980.
[39]张新建.构建完善的培训体系铺就地方入伍大学业生成才之路[J].继续教育. 2004(6): 58-39.
[40] Roscigno, Vincent J., Randy Hodson. The Organizational and Social Foundations of Worker Resistance [J]. American Sociological Review. 2004(69): 144-147.
[41] D. T. Hall, D. E. Chandler. Psychological Success: When the Career Is a Calling [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005,26(2):155–176.
[42]米歇尔·福柯.规训与惩罚[M].北京:三联书店, 1999: 194-195.
[43] Wood R., Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of organizational management [J]. Academy of Management Review. 1999(14): 27-30.
[44] [美]查尔斯·霍顿·库利.人类本性与社会秩序[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999:133
[45] [德]马克斯·韦伯.社会科学方法论[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999:72
[46] Alan M. Saks, Blake E. Ashforth. Organizational Socialization: Making Sense of the Past and Present as a Prologue for the Future [J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1997(51): 112-113.
[47] S. Twiselton. The Role of Teacher Identities in Learning to Teach Primary Literacy [J]. Educational Review. 2004,56(2):157–164.
[48] Richard Field. Culture and Socialization [J]. Richard Field on Management and Information Science. 2002(11): 84-85.
[49] Anthony Giddens. New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies [M]. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993: 169.
[50] Michel Crozier, Erhard Friedberg. Actors and Systems: The Politics of Collective [M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977:311.
[51] Manuel Castells. The Rise of the Society [M]. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1996:42.
[52]石宪平.注重提高地方大学生干部处理内部关系的能力[J].基层政治工作研究,2007(3): 90-91.
[53] ParsonsT., Shils E.A.(eds.).Toward a General Theory of Action [M]. London: Harvard University Press, 1951:219.
[2] Charles H. Coates & Roland J. Pellegrin. Military Sociology: A Study of American Military Institution and Military Life[M]. Maryland: The Social Science Press, 2006,56-58.
[3] Charles C Moskos.From institution to occupation:Trends in military organization armed[J]. Forces&Society. 2007: 4.
[4] Feldman D. C.“Socialization, re-socialization, and training: Reframing the research agenda”. In I. L. Goldstein (ed.). Training and development in organizations[M]. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007: 169.
[5] L.布鲁姆.社会学[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1991:120.
[6] D.波谱诺.社会学(第十版) [M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999:142.
[7] Van Maanen J. Breaking in: Socialization to work. In R. Dubin (eds.): Handbook of work, organization, and society[M]. Chicago: Rand McNally, 2006:132.
[8]张鑫.论军营情境对地方入伍大学生干部认同的制约[J].武警学院学报. 2007(5): 41-43.
[9]郑杭生.社会学概论新修[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:105.
[10]时蓉华.现代社会心理学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社, 2007:73.
[11]奚从清.角色论:个人与社会的互动[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2010:229.
[12] Daniel, R. Williams. Leisure Identities, Globalization and the Polities of Place. Journal of Leisure Research[M]. Arlington: Fourth Quarter, 2002: 102.
[13] Jonathan H. Turner.现代西方社会学理论[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1998:489
[14]青井和夫.社会学原理[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002:67.
[15] G.H. Mead. Mind, Self and Society[M]. University of Chicago Press,1934:25–32.
[16] Robbins R.H.. Identity, Culture, and Behavior. In Handbook of social and Cultural Anthropology. ed. by Honigmann. J. J.. New York: Rand McNally, 1974:159.
[17] Wanous J.P.. Organizational entry: Recruitment, selection, and socialization of newcomers Reading[M]. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992: 45.
[18] S .E. Seashore, T.D. Taber. Job Satisfaction and Their Correlation. American Behavior and Scientist[J].2005,18:346–347.
[19] M. Moore, J.E.Hofman. Professional Identity in Institutions of Higher Learning inIsrael Higher Education[J].2008,17(1):69–79.
[20] Samuel A. Stouffer. The American Soldier[M]. Vol.1. Princeton:Princeton University Press,1949:82.
[21] Morris Janowitz. The Professional Soldier:A Social and Political Portrait[M]. New York:The Free Press,1960:62-65.
[22] David Segal. Military Sociology. http://www.Bsos.umd.edu/socy/military.html, 2002.
[23] Samuel P. Huntington. The Soldier and the State:The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations[M]. Cambridge:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1957:133.
[24]陈莎.地方大学生新兵的角色适应研究[J].法制与经济(下旬). 2011(3):114-115.
[25]王国强,王国芳,田爱梅.论地方大学生入伍后的角色转换与调适[J].运城学院学报. 2008(3): 47-48.
[26]赵颉仕,孙晋蔚.强化“四种意识”提升综合素质——地方入伍大学生学员培训研究[J].继续教育. 2010(6): 56-57.
[27]李太忠.“官之初”的带兵之道——谈谈大学生干部如何提高第一任职能力.南京政治学院学报[J]. 2010(1): 80-82.
[28]王建民.地方高校入伍大学生军官健康成长的对策思考[J].牡丹江教育学院学报. 2004(5):68-69.
[29]洪文彦.充分开发入伍大学生干部资源[J].人才开发. 2005(2): 40-41
[30]张继平.论“军营情境”及对“学生官”军队认同的制约[J].武警学院学报. 2007(5): 80-83.
[31] H.H.Gerthand C.Wright Mills(eds.). From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology [M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946:196.
[32] Volker C.Franke. Generalion X and the Military:A Comparision of Attitudes and Values Between West Point Cadets and College Students [J]. Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 2001(Summer):106-108.
[33]彼得·布劳等.现代社会中的科层制[M].上海:学林出版社, 2001:20.
[34]爱弥尔·涂尔干.职业伦理与公民道德[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 2001:16.
[35]王群.坚持以科学发展观为指导,推进地方大学生干部队伍建设[J].内部资料.沈阳军区政工简讯. 2009(53): 71-73.
[36] Erhard Friedberg. Local orders: Dynamics of Organized Action [M]. London: JAIPress Inc., 1997:311.
[37] Richard Field. Culture and Socialization [J]. Management and Information Science. www.bus.ualberta.ca., 2002.
[38]〔美〕黑尔里格尔等.组织行为学(下册) [M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2001:977-980.
[39]张新建.构建完善的培训体系铺就地方入伍大学业生成才之路[J].继续教育. 2004(6): 58-39.
[40] Roscigno, Vincent J., Randy Hodson. The Organizational and Social Foundations of Worker Resistance [J]. American Sociological Review. 2004(69): 144-147.
[41] D. T. Hall, D. E. Chandler. Psychological Success: When the Career Is a Calling [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005,26(2):155–176.
[42]米歇尔·福柯.规训与惩罚[M].北京:三联书店, 1999: 194-195.
[43] Wood R., Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of organizational management [J]. Academy of Management Review. 1999(14): 27-30.
[44] [美]查尔斯·霍顿·库利.人类本性与社会秩序[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999:133
[45] [德]马克斯·韦伯.社会科学方法论[M].北京:华夏出版社,1999:72
[46] Alan M. Saks, Blake E. Ashforth. Organizational Socialization: Making Sense of the Past and Present as a Prologue for the Future [J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1997(51): 112-113.
[47] S. Twiselton. The Role of Teacher Identities in Learning to Teach Primary Literacy [J]. Educational Review. 2004,56(2):157–164.
[48] Richard Field. Culture and Socialization [J]. Richard Field on Management and Information Science. 2002(11): 84-85.
[49] Anthony Giddens. New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies [M]. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993: 169.
[50] Michel Crozier, Erhard Friedberg. Actors and Systems: The Politics of Collective [M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1977:311.
[51] Manuel Castells. The Rise of the Society [M]. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1996:42.
[52]石宪平.注重提高地方大学生干部处理内部关系的能力[J].基层政治工作研究,2007(3): 90-91.
[53] ParsonsT., Shils E.A.(eds.).Toward a General Theory of Action [M]. London: Harvard University Press, 1951:219.