国家高新区创新主体间功能转换及绩效评价研究
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摘要
高新技术产业在推动经济增长、保障国家安全、促进社会进步等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,正日益成为一个国家获取国际竞争优势的决定性因素。以高新技术产业聚集、跨越发展为主要目标的科学城、工业园、开发区等创新区域的构建已成为世界各国发展高新技术、培育新兴产业、创造新的经济形态、引领世界经济科技发展最重要的战略手段之一。
区域创新体系建设是创新区域构建的重要内容,是一项综合性较强的复合系统工程,而不是单项活动或某个简单环节。创新主体对区域内资源所进行的各种互动的、有组织学习行为构成区域创新的重要内容,需要依靠企业、政府、高校和科研机构、中介机构等多个主体共同联动、协调配合才能得以完成。而经济发展一般规律表明,经济发展对资源的依赖关系具有明显的阶段性特征,是一个动态的系统过程。创新主体的功能定位及转换有效的明确了主体在国家高新区的角色,能够更有效的进行资源配置,发挥主体的创新功能,主体的绩效评价则为创新主体间功能转换提供了依据。国家高新区内创新主体之间有序而有机地结合,才能使区内竞争优势得以体现,同时发挥高新区的集群扩散效应,顺利完成科技创新成果的不断扩散,与周边地区形成功能互补和联动发展,真正实现高新区在经济效益、发展方式的转变以及自主创新上的功能带头作用。
在继承和借鉴国内外已有的关于区域创新理论、产业竞争优势等研究成果的基础上,界定国家高新区创新体系的概念、构成要素及框架；运用博弈理论分析各主体间的动态关系,在此基础上明确国家高新区不同创新主体的各项功能；运用PEAI模型、模糊数据及系统动力学,判别主体间功能转换的条件；并构建国家高新区创新主体功能绩效评价指标体系,结合国家高新区“二次创业”的阶段特点,提高创新主体的功能绩效,进一步增强高新区的自主创新能力,使高新区成功实现五个转变,使全国高新区实现网式联动效应,从而丰富与完善区域创新体系,为国家高新区的发展提供科学的理论依据、方法、思路和对策建议。文章分为四个部分：
第一部分为基础理论,包括第一、二章,在明确了研究目标和研究意义基础上,以国家自科基金《产品-产业-区域的集成创新理论与实证研究》、国家社科基金《我国重点产业自主创新平台研究》为支撑,比较了国内外相关理论研究,简述了研究内容和研究方法；阐明了国家高新区创新体系的内涵和组成,以及运行过程中的基础工具。第二部分为理论研究,包括第三、四、五章,在界定了国家高新区创新体系中主体结构与功能定位的基础上,分析了国内外高科技园区功能演变的模式与转换机理；分别从生命周期、规模和技术两个维度阐述了主体间功能转换的条件判别。第三部分为实证部分,包括第六、七章,基于主体功能定位的基础上,建立国家高新区创新主体功能的绩效评价指标体系,并运用熵值法与DEA的CCR模型分别从系统绩效水平、系统运行效率对2005-2009年的国家高新区数据进行了实证分析,提出了提升主体功能绩效的三种路径对策。第四部分总结部分,即第八章,总结了研究结论和创新点,指出了所存在的不足,并对创新主体间功能转换的发展趋势进行展望。
High and new technology industry in promoting economic growth, safeguarding state security and promoting social progress, plays a more and more important role, and increasingly becoming the decisive factor of a country obtaining international competition advantage. The construction of innovative regional development, such as science city, industry zone, and development zone, which takes new technology industrial cluster, spanning development as the main target, has become one of the most important strategic means of the world to develop high-tech, cultivate new industries, create new economic form, and lead the world economy technology development.
Regional innovation system construction is the important content of constructing innovative area, and is comprehensive and complex system engineering, rather than individual activity or a simple link. Various interactive, organization of regional innovation learning behavior of Innovation subject constitutes an important content of regional Innovation, which needs to rely on enterprise, government, universities and research institutions, intermediaries and so on many subjects common linkage, coordination. While the general rules of economic development shows that the economic development for resources dependence relationship has obvious gradual characteristic, and is a dynamic system process. Innovation subjects function orientation and the transformation clear effectively the role of national hi-tech zone innovation subject, allocating resources efficiently to play the innovation function, and performance evaluation provides basis for function conversion between innovation subjects National hi-tech zone between innovation subjects should be ordered organically, to make sure competitive edge manifesting, embody the competitive advantage of cluster, exert industrial cluster diffusion effects, finish the steady spread, form complementary functions and linkage development with the peripheral locality, realize the economic benefits, the transformation of development mode and the function of independent innovation in the lead role.
This dissertation defines the concept of innovation system of national high-tech zone, elements and framework in inheriting and reference for the domestic and foreign existing about regional innovation theory and industrial competitive advantages research achievements. Then, it analyses the dynamic relationship between different subjects with game theory, and based on this, clear each function of different innovation subject. At the same time, it applies PEAI model, fuzzy mathematics and system dynamics to provide condition for inter-subjectivity function conversion. Lastly, It constructs national hi-tech zone innovation subject function performance evaluation index system, combining the second venture stage characteristics of national hi-tech zone, to improve the function of innovation subjects performance, further strengthening the hi-tech zone independent innovation ability, making high-tech zone achieve five changes, to realize nets type linkage effect, so as to enrich and perfect the regional innovation system for the development of national hi-tech zone, providing scientific theory, methods and ideas and countermeasures.
The first part is basic theory, including the first and second chapter, supported by the National Nature Science funds "products-industry-region of the regional innovation theory and empirical research ", National Social Science Fund, "China's independent innovation platform of key industries, ", based on research aims and study significance, comparing domestic and foreign relevant theory study, clearly describing the contents and methods. And it illustrates innovation system connotation and components of the national hi-tech zone, and basic tools in running process. The second part is the theoretical research, including the third, fourth, fifth chapters, defining innovation system of national hi-tech zone innovation subjects structure and function orientation, analyzing domestic and foreign hi-tech zone functions mode with conversion mechanism. And it separately from the life cycle, scale and technology two dimensions expounds the subjects function conversion conditions discrimination. The third part is the empirical parts, including the sixth, seventh chapter, based on the function localization, establishing the national hi-tech zone innovation subject function of performance evaluation index system, and using entropy method and CCR model of DEA respectively from system comprehensive ability, system efficiency of the years of 2005-2009 national hi-tech zone data to conduct an empirical analysis, putting forward three path countermeasures. The fourth part is summarizes parts, namely chapter 8, summarizing the research conclusion and innovation points, pointing out the shortcomings, and taking an prospect of the development trend of function conversion.
区域创新体系建设是创新区域构建的重要内容,是一项综合性较强的复合系统工程,而不是单项活动或某个简单环节。创新主体对区域内资源所进行的各种互动的、有组织学习行为构成区域创新的重要内容,需要依靠企业、政府、高校和科研机构、中介机构等多个主体共同联动、协调配合才能得以完成。而经济发展一般规律表明,经济发展对资源的依赖关系具有明显的阶段性特征,是一个动态的系统过程。创新主体的功能定位及转换有效的明确了主体在国家高新区的角色,能够更有效的进行资源配置,发挥主体的创新功能,主体的绩效评价则为创新主体间功能转换提供了依据。国家高新区内创新主体之间有序而有机地结合,才能使区内竞争优势得以体现,同时发挥高新区的集群扩散效应,顺利完成科技创新成果的不断扩散,与周边地区形成功能互补和联动发展,真正实现高新区在经济效益、发展方式的转变以及自主创新上的功能带头作用。
在继承和借鉴国内外已有的关于区域创新理论、产业竞争优势等研究成果的基础上,界定国家高新区创新体系的概念、构成要素及框架；运用博弈理论分析各主体间的动态关系,在此基础上明确国家高新区不同创新主体的各项功能；运用PEAI模型、模糊数据及系统动力学,判别主体间功能转换的条件；并构建国家高新区创新主体功能绩效评价指标体系,结合国家高新区“二次创业”的阶段特点,提高创新主体的功能绩效,进一步增强高新区的自主创新能力,使高新区成功实现五个转变,使全国高新区实现网式联动效应,从而丰富与完善区域创新体系,为国家高新区的发展提供科学的理论依据、方法、思路和对策建议。文章分为四个部分：
第一部分为基础理论,包括第一、二章,在明确了研究目标和研究意义基础上,以国家自科基金《产品-产业-区域的集成创新理论与实证研究》、国家社科基金《我国重点产业自主创新平台研究》为支撑,比较了国内外相关理论研究,简述了研究内容和研究方法；阐明了国家高新区创新体系的内涵和组成,以及运行过程中的基础工具。第二部分为理论研究,包括第三、四、五章,在界定了国家高新区创新体系中主体结构与功能定位的基础上,分析了国内外高科技园区功能演变的模式与转换机理；分别从生命周期、规模和技术两个维度阐述了主体间功能转换的条件判别。第三部分为实证部分,包括第六、七章,基于主体功能定位的基础上,建立国家高新区创新主体功能的绩效评价指标体系,并运用熵值法与DEA的CCR模型分别从系统绩效水平、系统运行效率对2005-2009年的国家高新区数据进行了实证分析,提出了提升主体功能绩效的三种路径对策。第四部分总结部分,即第八章,总结了研究结论和创新点,指出了所存在的不足,并对创新主体间功能转换的发展趋势进行展望。
High and new technology industry in promoting economic growth, safeguarding state security and promoting social progress, plays a more and more important role, and increasingly becoming the decisive factor of a country obtaining international competition advantage. The construction of innovative regional development, such as science city, industry zone, and development zone, which takes new technology industrial cluster, spanning development as the main target, has become one of the most important strategic means of the world to develop high-tech, cultivate new industries, create new economic form, and lead the world economy technology development.
Regional innovation system construction is the important content of constructing innovative area, and is comprehensive and complex system engineering, rather than individual activity or a simple link. Various interactive, organization of regional innovation learning behavior of Innovation subject constitutes an important content of regional Innovation, which needs to rely on enterprise, government, universities and research institutions, intermediaries and so on many subjects common linkage, coordination. While the general rules of economic development shows that the economic development for resources dependence relationship has obvious gradual characteristic, and is a dynamic system process. Innovation subjects function orientation and the transformation clear effectively the role of national hi-tech zone innovation subject, allocating resources efficiently to play the innovation function, and performance evaluation provides basis for function conversion between innovation subjects National hi-tech zone between innovation subjects should be ordered organically, to make sure competitive edge manifesting, embody the competitive advantage of cluster, exert industrial cluster diffusion effects, finish the steady spread, form complementary functions and linkage development with the peripheral locality, realize the economic benefits, the transformation of development mode and the function of independent innovation in the lead role.
This dissertation defines the concept of innovation system of national high-tech zone, elements and framework in inheriting and reference for the domestic and foreign existing about regional innovation theory and industrial competitive advantages research achievements. Then, it analyses the dynamic relationship between different subjects with game theory, and based on this, clear each function of different innovation subject. At the same time, it applies PEAI model, fuzzy mathematics and system dynamics to provide condition for inter-subjectivity function conversion. Lastly, It constructs national hi-tech zone innovation subject function performance evaluation index system, combining the second venture stage characteristics of national hi-tech zone, to improve the function of innovation subjects performance, further strengthening the hi-tech zone independent innovation ability, making high-tech zone achieve five changes, to realize nets type linkage effect, so as to enrich and perfect the regional innovation system for the development of national hi-tech zone, providing scientific theory, methods and ideas and countermeasures.
The first part is basic theory, including the first and second chapter, supported by the National Nature Science funds "products-industry-region of the regional innovation theory and empirical research ", National Social Science Fund, "China's independent innovation platform of key industries, ", based on research aims and study significance, comparing domestic and foreign relevant theory study, clearly describing the contents and methods. And it illustrates innovation system connotation and components of the national hi-tech zone, and basic tools in running process. The second part is the theoretical research, including the third, fourth, fifth chapters, defining innovation system of national hi-tech zone innovation subjects structure and function orientation, analyzing domestic and foreign hi-tech zone functions mode with conversion mechanism. And it separately from the life cycle, scale and technology two dimensions expounds the subjects function conversion conditions discrimination. The third part is the empirical parts, including the sixth, seventh chapter, based on the function localization, establishing the national hi-tech zone innovation subject function of performance evaluation index system, and using entropy method and CCR model of DEA respectively from system comprehensive ability, system efficiency of the years of 2005-2009 national hi-tech zone data to conduct an empirical analysis, putting forward three path countermeasures. The fourth part is summarizes parts, namely chapter 8, summarizing the research conclusion and innovation points, pointing out the shortcomings, and taking an prospect of the development trend of function conversion.
引文
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