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猪附红细胞体病临床调查与诊断分析
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摘要
附红细胞体病(Eperthrozoonsis,EH)是附红细胞体(Eperthrozoon,简称附红体)寄生于红细胞表面、血浆、组织液及脑脊液中,引起贫血、黄疸、发热等的一种人、畜、禽共患的传染性疾病。近几年,国内对该病的报道日益增多。为明确猪附红细胞体病在河南许昌地区的发病、感染状况,本研究在对发病猪场进行疫情调查、临床症状、剖检病理变化检查的基础上,采用鲜血压片和血液推片染色诊断方法,对许昌地区18个猪场、36个散养户及50份待屠宰猪血样共计349份血样和奶牛、犬、家兔、人的17份血样进行实验室检验,同时采用药物治疗和预防试验,观察猪血液中附红细胞体的消长情况。试验结果表明,许昌地区猪血液中均有附红细胞体,阳性率是100%。病猪和健康猪红细胞感染强度在10%-50%(++)的比率较高,分别为44%和49%。在进行药物治疗试验和药物预防试验的整个过程中,鲜血压片显微镜检查显示各组猪红细胞变形及附红细胞体始终存在;在各阶段此类变化无显著差异,但均有时高时低的波动现象。在进行临床调查过程中,对猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪伪狂犬病、衣原体病、猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎、弓形体病和链球菌病进行血清学检测与分析,结果显示出附红细胞体病可能与其它疾病有混合感染现象。对猪附红细胞体病的诊断方法进行分析,发现采用鲜血压片和血液推片染色诊断方法,会出现较为严重的“假阳性”现象,认为在诊断附红细胞体病时,需结合临床症状和剖检病理变化等综合性诊断手段,并应对病原做深入研究。
Eperthrozoonsis is a parasitic disease caused by eperthrozoon parasitizing on the surface of the erythrocytes, plasma, tissue fluids and cerebrospinal fluids, which can cause anemia, icterus and fever. In recent years, the reports associated with this disease are increasing gradually. In order to determine the infection status and morbidity of eperythrozoon in Xuchang area of Henan province, the epidemic, clinical signs and pathological observations for the disease were investigated; The diagnostic methods using lifeblood were conducted for total 349 blood samples from 18 swine farms of 10 districts in Xuchang, 36 individual producers together with 50 slaughter blood samples, as well as 17 samples from cow, canine, rabbit and human. The results showed that eperthrozoon existed in all the blood samples with 100% of the positive rate. The infection intensity over 10%~50% was frequently observed in sick pigs and healthy pigs, the infection percentage was 44% and 49% respectively. During medication treatments and prevention tests, the morphological changes in erythrocytes and eperthrozoon existed all the time. There was no significant difference in different stages, however the fluctuation was seen. During the clinical investigation, classical swine fever, PRRSV, PRV were detected. Combination infection and co-infection of eperthrozoonsis with other diseases were usually found. The false positives were found while using lifeblood and pigmentation diagnostic methods. Based on the analysis of the false positives, it was suggested that the comprehensive diagnosis including clinical signs and pathological changes should be considered and a further investigation should be conducted on the pathogen when diagnosing eperthrozoonsis.
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