计算机辅助建筑设计研究
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摘要
在人类发展历史中,人们一直在试图设计能够减轻劳动负担的机械。到19世纪,这些机械只能帮助人们完成体力工作。直到用于计算的第一台机器的发明,计算机的诞生意味着人们可以告别过去传统的工作方式,利用计算机来代替人们脑力劳动。计算机在各行各业的运用、替代手工作业、将人们的想象变为现实等的表现都证明了计算机设计技术发展的成功。现在计算机辅助设计技术被应用于越来越多的建设中。但由于计算机辅助设计本身的复杂性与多样性,一个设计可由许多不同技术组合而成,致使技术人员在处理问题时常常不知道如何运用,如果技术运用不当,虽然实现了最终设计,但在这背后可能会隐藏着很多缺陷。因此如何合理的将计算机辅助设计技术更好的应用于各行各业,实现高性能、高质量的设计方法是本文需要拟解决的问题。
计算机辅助设计技术将建筑行业带入了数字化时代,数字建筑设计思想应运而生,然而建筑行业内部应用建筑数字技术的水平还不够,使工作模式仍然停留在手工作业模式上,所以我们必须提高其行业对数字技术的认识,用计算机辅助建筑设计,为建筑设计提供新的设计、表现、分析和建造的手段。
计算机辅助建筑设计的运用使得设计不再局限于以纸为载体,而扩展为以计算机为主体的磁、光、电载体,这些载体的信息容量有很大提高,用三维彩色虚拟现实空间技术使得设计方案一目了然。计算机辅助建筑设计的运用是建筑设计的革命性变化。这个变化改变了人们传统的设计方法、思维和模式,同时极大的提高了设计的效率。在实际运用中如何将计算机与建筑设计相结合,如何高效的进行计算机辅助建筑设计,本文针对这些问题,认真分析和总结前面人们所作的相关工作的基础上,以解析计算机辅助设计和建筑设计的结合为出发点,重点研究以下几方面:
1、对计算机辅助设计技术与建筑设计两门学科交叉进行全新设计方法的研究。
2、对建筑设计模型的分析,提出计算机辅助建筑设计结构模型更优越的特点及其更高的设计效率。
3、对CAD、CAM、3D-MAX等应用软件的单项应用过渡为一体化集成化计算机应用的研究。
4、将虚拟现实技术运用到建筑设计中实现建筑设计概念真实模拟,漫游于模拟现实,让设计从表象的研究转为真实的感受,从而提高人机的和谐程度,提高了设计方案的修改方法,是计算机的设计能力的另一种表现。
5、在实际开发方案中,本人从计算机专业角度出发,在设计中将设计人员不曾涉足的相关模型构建方法运用到设计者需要中,从而使得设计工作更加高效、高质的完成了建筑设计阶段的任务。
In the history of human development, people has been trying to design the machines which can reduce the labor burden. In the 19th century, the machines can only help people complete the physical work. The invention of the computer means that people can end the traditional working methods and use the computer to replace man's mental work. The performances of computer that are applied in all walks of life, replace manual operations, and make people's imagination into reality has proved the success of its design technology development. Computer aided design technology is now being used in more and more construction. However, because of the complexity and diversity of computer-aided design, a design can be a combination of many different technologies, so that the technical staffs in dealing with problems often do not know how to use the technology. If it is improperly used, there may be many defects hidden. So the problem that the paper need solve is how computer-aided design techniques will be applied to all walks of life better and how to achieve high-performance, high-quality design approach.
Computer aided design technology brought the construction industry into the digital era. The idea of digital architectural design has emerged, but the level of the internal construction industry applying construction digital technology is not enough, which makes the working mode keep in the manual operation mode. So we must improve their industry awareness of digital technology and apply computer aided architectural design into the new design, performance, analysis and construction tools for the architectural design.
The application of computer-aided architectural design makes the design no longer confined to paper as a carrier, but expands the magnetic, optical, vector as a carrier. The information capacity of these carriers has greatly been improved. The three-dimensional colorful virtual reality space technology makes design programs more clear at a glance. The application of Computer-Aided Architectural Design is the revolutionary changes of architectural design. This change changed the traditional design methods and mode of thinking, and at the same time greatly improved the efficiency of the design. In the practical application of the computer, aiming to how to combine the computer and the architectural design and how efficiently to carry out computer-aided architectural design, the paper focused on the following aspects:
1, Research on new design methods for computer-aided design technology and architectural design.
2, Analysis of the architectural design model, putting forward the superior characteristics and the higher design efficiency of the structure model of computer-aided architectural design.
3, Research on the single application of such software as CAD, CAM, 3D-MAX transiting to integration of computer application.
4, Applying the virtual reality technology into architectural design to achieve the true simulation of architectural design concept, roaming in simulated reality, transforming design from the idea to the real feelings, thereby enhancing the harmonious plane between man and computer, improving the design modification method. The designed capacity of the computer is another manifestation.
5, In the actual development programs, from the perspective of computer professionals, I applied the methods that designers will never set foot in the relevant model into the designer needs, thus enabling the design work completed more efficiently.
计算机辅助设计技术将建筑行业带入了数字化时代,数字建筑设计思想应运而生,然而建筑行业内部应用建筑数字技术的水平还不够,使工作模式仍然停留在手工作业模式上,所以我们必须提高其行业对数字技术的认识,用计算机辅助建筑设计,为建筑设计提供新的设计、表现、分析和建造的手段。
计算机辅助建筑设计的运用使得设计不再局限于以纸为载体,而扩展为以计算机为主体的磁、光、电载体,这些载体的信息容量有很大提高,用三维彩色虚拟现实空间技术使得设计方案一目了然。计算机辅助建筑设计的运用是建筑设计的革命性变化。这个变化改变了人们传统的设计方法、思维和模式,同时极大的提高了设计的效率。在实际运用中如何将计算机与建筑设计相结合,如何高效的进行计算机辅助建筑设计,本文针对这些问题,认真分析和总结前面人们所作的相关工作的基础上,以解析计算机辅助设计和建筑设计的结合为出发点,重点研究以下几方面:
1、对计算机辅助设计技术与建筑设计两门学科交叉进行全新设计方法的研究。
2、对建筑设计模型的分析,提出计算机辅助建筑设计结构模型更优越的特点及其更高的设计效率。
3、对CAD、CAM、3D-MAX等应用软件的单项应用过渡为一体化集成化计算机应用的研究。
4、将虚拟现实技术运用到建筑设计中实现建筑设计概念真实模拟,漫游于模拟现实,让设计从表象的研究转为真实的感受,从而提高人机的和谐程度,提高了设计方案的修改方法,是计算机的设计能力的另一种表现。
5、在实际开发方案中,本人从计算机专业角度出发,在设计中将设计人员不曾涉足的相关模型构建方法运用到设计者需要中,从而使得设计工作更加高效、高质的完成了建筑设计阶段的任务。
In the history of human development, people has been trying to design the machines which can reduce the labor burden. In the 19th century, the machines can only help people complete the physical work. The invention of the computer means that people can end the traditional working methods and use the computer to replace man's mental work. The performances of computer that are applied in all walks of life, replace manual operations, and make people's imagination into reality has proved the success of its design technology development. Computer aided design technology is now being used in more and more construction. However, because of the complexity and diversity of computer-aided design, a design can be a combination of many different technologies, so that the technical staffs in dealing with problems often do not know how to use the technology. If it is improperly used, there may be many defects hidden. So the problem that the paper need solve is how computer-aided design techniques will be applied to all walks of life better and how to achieve high-performance, high-quality design approach.
Computer aided design technology brought the construction industry into the digital era. The idea of digital architectural design has emerged, but the level of the internal construction industry applying construction digital technology is not enough, which makes the working mode keep in the manual operation mode. So we must improve their industry awareness of digital technology and apply computer aided architectural design into the new design, performance, analysis and construction tools for the architectural design.
The application of computer-aided architectural design makes the design no longer confined to paper as a carrier, but expands the magnetic, optical, vector as a carrier. The information capacity of these carriers has greatly been improved. The three-dimensional colorful virtual reality space technology makes design programs more clear at a glance. The application of Computer-Aided Architectural Design is the revolutionary changes of architectural design. This change changed the traditional design methods and mode of thinking, and at the same time greatly improved the efficiency of the design. In the practical application of the computer, aiming to how to combine the computer and the architectural design and how efficiently to carry out computer-aided architectural design, the paper focused on the following aspects:
1, Research on new design methods for computer-aided design technology and architectural design.
2, Analysis of the architectural design model, putting forward the superior characteristics and the higher design efficiency of the structure model of computer-aided architectural design.
3, Research on the single application of such software as CAD, CAM, 3D-MAX transiting to integration of computer application.
4, Applying the virtual reality technology into architectural design to achieve the true simulation of architectural design concept, roaming in simulated reality, transforming design from the idea to the real feelings, thereby enhancing the harmonious plane between man and computer, improving the design modification method. The designed capacity of the computer is another manifestation.
5, In the actual development programs, from the perspective of computer professionals, I applied the methods that designers will never set foot in the relevant model into the designer needs, thus enabling the design work completed more efficiently.
引文
[1]Farid A mirouche,计算机辅助设计与制造,崔洪斌,郭彦书译清华大学出版社,2006.10
[2]William J.Mitchell,Malcoln Mccullongh.数字设计媒体,王国泉,霍新民译,清华大学出版社,1997
[3]Antony Radford,Garry Stevens.计算机辅助建筑设计概论,中国科学技术出版社,1991
[4]卫兆骥,CAD在建筑设计中的应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[5]王国泉,计算机辅助建筑设计,中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[6]罗志华,计算机草图技术在建筑设计中应用剖析,工业建筑,2005
[7]潘志庚,分布式虚拟现实技术,计算机世界,1998
[8]陈正华,李希华,王燕,虚拟现实技术在建筑领域的应用,工程建设与设计,2005.8
[9]孙家广,计算机辅助设计技术基础,清华大学出版社,1999
[10]王景阳,汤众,邓元媛,3ds Max建筑表现教程,中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[11]钱敬平,倪伟桥,汤众,AutoCAD建筑制图教程,中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[12]巩宁平著,建筑CAD,机械工业出版社,2006
[13]二代龙震工作室,AutoCAD2006中文版建筑设计基础,电子工业出版社,2006
[14]吕列克,张富文等,计算机辅助建筑设计的思考,沈阳建筑工程学院学报,2003,02
[15]李文,傅睿,设计源于构思-谈草图设计大师Sketchup,中国勘查设计,2004,06
[16]余爱民,计算机辅助建筑设计基础教程,中国科学技术出版社,2001,09
[17]曾旭东,赵昂等,计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势-虚拟建筑,重庆建筑大学学报,2006,01
[18]杨德斌,计算机辅助建筑设计与基本建筑优化学,基建优化,2003,05
[19]李立,CAD软件浅析,四川建筑,2006,06
[20]崔洪冰,王爱民等。AutoCAD2004实用培训教程,清华大学出版社2005
[21]姚英学,蔡颖等,计算机辅助设计与制造,高等教育出版社,2002,01
[22]蒋洪斌,朱军,计算机辅助设计实训,北京理工大学出版社,2006,08
[23]刘烈辉,虚拟显示技术与建筑设计,南方建筑,2006,02
[24]孙扬德,管伟光等,计算机辅助建筑设计系统,哈尔滨理工大学学报,
[25]郝进锋,正确应用CAD软件提高建筑结构设计质量,www.studa.net,2006,03
[2]William J.Mitchell,Malcoln Mccullongh.数字设计媒体,王国泉,霍新民译,清华大学出版社,1997
[3]Antony Radford,Garry Stevens.计算机辅助建筑设计概论,中国科学技术出版社,1991
[4]卫兆骥,CAD在建筑设计中的应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[5]王国泉,计算机辅助建筑设计,中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[6]罗志华,计算机草图技术在建筑设计中应用剖析,工业建筑,2005
[7]潘志庚,分布式虚拟现实技术,计算机世界,1998
[8]陈正华,李希华,王燕,虚拟现实技术在建筑领域的应用,工程建设与设计,2005.8
[9]孙家广,计算机辅助设计技术基础,清华大学出版社,1999
[10]王景阳,汤众,邓元媛,3ds Max建筑表现教程,中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[11]钱敬平,倪伟桥,汤众,AutoCAD建筑制图教程,中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[12]巩宁平著,建筑CAD,机械工业出版社,2006
[13]二代龙震工作室,AutoCAD2006中文版建筑设计基础,电子工业出版社,2006
[14]吕列克,张富文等,计算机辅助建筑设计的思考,沈阳建筑工程学院学报,2003,02
[15]李文,傅睿,设计源于构思-谈草图设计大师Sketchup,中国勘查设计,2004,06
[16]余爱民,计算机辅助建筑设计基础教程,中国科学技术出版社,2001,09
[17]曾旭东,赵昂等,计算机辅助建筑设计(CAAD)的发展趋势-虚拟建筑,重庆建筑大学学报,2006,01
[18]杨德斌,计算机辅助建筑设计与基本建筑优化学,基建优化,2003,05
[19]李立,CAD软件浅析,四川建筑,2006,06
[20]崔洪冰,王爱民等。AutoCAD2004实用培训教程,清华大学出版社2005
[21]姚英学,蔡颖等,计算机辅助设计与制造,高等教育出版社,2002,01
[22]蒋洪斌,朱军,计算机辅助设计实训,北京理工大学出版社,2006,08
[23]刘烈辉,虚拟显示技术与建筑设计,南方建筑,2006,02
[24]孙扬德,管伟光等,计算机辅助建筑设计系统,哈尔滨理工大学学报,
[25]郝进锋,正确应用CAD软件提高建筑结构设计质量,www.studa.net,2006,03