基于路由器的多业务网络资源分配拥塞控制的研究及实现
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摘要
在互联网中，若想要提供多业务网络较好的服务质量保证，IP网络中的路由器就必须拥有差异性服务的能力，以便提供QoS给声音或影像等对时间敏感性高的多业务信息流。本文重点分析了网络数据流的特性，根据数据包的多个CoS(Class of Service)优先级位将数据进行不同等级的划分，以便利用服务质量保证对其进行区分。首先测量并分析校园网边缘路由器内业务流的特性，接着在详细研究Cisco路由器的数据分类、拥塞管理、拥塞避免网际网络服务质量保证机制的基础上，提出了相应的管理模型和控制策略，最后针对所使用控制方法进行了实验和数据分析。分析过程中所得数据，为在类似环境中实施服务质量保证控制机制，达到动态分配网络带宽的目的提供了重要依据。
In Internet, if we want to have the good service quality of multi-network. The router in IP network must have the ability of different services so as to enable packet switching networks to support real time and interactive communications with guaranteed Quality-of-Services(QoS). This paper is to study and develop some important techniques-traffic characterization, traffic regulation, and packet scheduling based on many classes of service. Firstly, the network resources are usually reserved according to multimedia sources' characteristics; a precise traffic characterization scheme can use valuable network resources efficiently while still maintaining the required QoS. Secondly, it will focus on the design of packet scheduling disciplines, which decide the packet-transmission schedule so as to satisfy different kinds of packet-delay bounds required by those connections sharing a single output port. Finally, experiments and statistics are carried out according to the approach. From the research results, it proposes an end-to-end multimedia connection admission criterion as the complete solution.
In Internet, if we want to have the good service quality of multi-network. The router in IP network must have the ability of different services so as to enable packet switching networks to support real time and interactive communications with guaranteed Quality-of-Services(QoS). This paper is to study and develop some important techniques-traffic characterization, traffic regulation, and packet scheduling based on many classes of service. Firstly, the network resources are usually reserved according to multimedia sources' characteristics; a precise traffic characterization scheme can use valuable network resources efficiently while still maintaining the required QoS. Secondly, it will focus on the design of packet scheduling disciplines, which decide the packet-transmission schedule so as to satisfy different kinds of packet-delay bounds required by those connections sharing a single output port. Finally, experiments and statistics are carried out according to the approach. From the research results, it proposes an end-to-end multimedia connection admission criterion as the complete solution.
引文
1 J. Postel, RFC 791, "Internet Protocol," Sep-01-1981.
2 S. Shenker, C. Partridge, R. Guerin, RFC 2212, "Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service," September 1997.
3 ITU-T. Draft Recommendation 1. 350. General aspect of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs, April 1992
4 Antonios F. Atlasis, Athanasios V. Vasilakos. LB-SELA: rate-based access control for ATM networks. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30(1998) 963～980
5 S. Kunniyur, R. Srikant. End-to-end congestion control: utility functions, random losses and ECN marks. INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel.
6 Peter Key and Derek McAuley. Differential QoS and pricing in networks: where flow-control meets game theory. IEE Proceedings Software Vol. 146, No. 2, March 1999.
7 J. Heinanen, F. Baker, W. Weiss, J. Wroclawski, RFC 2597, Assured Forwarding PHB Group. June 1999.
8 N. McKeown, V. Anantharam, J. Walrand, "Achieving 100% Throughput in an input-queued switch," in: Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom '96, 1996, Page(s): 296-302.
9 M. Karol, M. Hluchyj, S. Morgan, "Input versus output queueing on a space-division packet switch," IEEE Trans. Commun. 35(1987) 1337-1356.
10 N. McKeown, "The iSLIP scheduling algorithm for input-queued switches," Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, April 1999 Page(s): 188 -201
11 K. J. Christensen, "Parallel-polled virtual output queued (PP-VOQ) switch," Electronics Letters, Volume: 36 Issue: 22, 26 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 1902 -1903
12 Richard La, V. Anantharam. Adaptive Modification of Generalized Processor Sharing. Submitted to the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.
13 William H. Sandholm, An Evolutionary Approach to Congestion, February 1998.
14 IP网络的服务质量 多业务互连网的基础
15 曲润涛，席裕庚，韩兵 多媒体通信的成组多点广播路由算法《通信学报》1999．5
16 何小燕，费翔，吴介 高速网络中基于模糊神经网络的拥塞控制研究《东南大学学报》1999．9
17 史川军 高速网络服务质量的路由选择问题 《电讯技术》2000
18 张占军，韩承德，杨学良 基于自适应节的多媒体流QoS保证的研究《计算机学报》2000．12
19 邓志成，赵建英，周旗，徐惠民 一种QoS保证的路由算法《北京邮电大学学报》1999．12
20 罗万明，林闯，阎保平 一种支持多媒体通信QoS的拥塞控制机制《电子学报》2000．11
21 刘燕，孙利民，杨晓东 LCFAA：一个低代价的完全自适应路由算法《计算机研究与发展》1999．3
22 郭福田，姜军，朱丽萍，邱成 网络互联中的路由技术应用研究《计算机应用研究》1999
23 董庆阳，李毓麟，许刚 IP组播路由结构的性能分析《上海交通大学学报》1999．9
24 张宇，汤伟中，管文军 IPQoS仿真软件的设计与实现《电讯技术》2000年第6期
25 廖敬一，裘正定 异质性网络多媒体通信的多播路由算法《计算机研究与发展》2000．12
26 李晓红，张新荣，冯志勇 孙济洲网络多媒体信息传输同步失调控制研究 内蒙古大学学报 1999．1
27 张素兵，刘泽民 基于蚂蚁算法的分级QoS路由调度方法《北京邮电大学学报》2000．12
28 杨新凯，席裕庚．基于多项服务质量的域间路由方案．通信技术，No．104，totally，1999
29 陈文云，胡家骏．一种动态实时多约束ATM路由．上海交通大学学报 Vol．33，No．5，May，1999
30 朱洪，陈增武，段振华等．算法设计与分析．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1989．
31 陈惠民，卢欣，王普，李衍达，对策论方法在信息网络资源分配中的应用．通信学报1999年8月．
32 谢希仁，“计算机网络”，大连理工大学出版社
33 《动态规划及其应用》张之、李建德，国防工业出版社，1994。
34 《网络管理与控制技术》郭军，人民邮电出版社，1999。
2 S. Shenker, C. Partridge, R. Guerin, RFC 2212, "Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service," September 1997.
3 ITU-T. Draft Recommendation 1. 350. General aspect of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs, April 1992
4 Antonios F. Atlasis, Athanasios V. Vasilakos. LB-SELA: rate-based access control for ATM networks. Computer Networks and ISDN systems, 30(1998) 963～980
5 S. Kunniyur, R. Srikant. End-to-end congestion control: utility functions, random losses and ECN marks. INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel.
6 Peter Key and Derek McAuley. Differential QoS and pricing in networks: where flow-control meets game theory. IEE Proceedings Software Vol. 146, No. 2, March 1999.
7 J. Heinanen, F. Baker, W. Weiss, J. Wroclawski, RFC 2597, Assured Forwarding PHB Group. June 1999.
8 N. McKeown, V. Anantharam, J. Walrand, "Achieving 100% Throughput in an input-queued switch," in: Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom '96, 1996, Page(s): 296-302.
9 M. Karol, M. Hluchyj, S. Morgan, "Input versus output queueing on a space-division packet switch," IEEE Trans. Commun. 35(1987) 1337-1356.
10 N. McKeown, "The iSLIP scheduling algorithm for input-queued switches," Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, April 1999 Page(s): 188 -201
11 K. J. Christensen, "Parallel-polled virtual output queued (PP-VOQ) switch," Electronics Letters, Volume: 36 Issue: 22, 26 Oct. 2000 Page(s): 1902 -1903
12 Richard La, V. Anantharam. Adaptive Modification of Generalized Processor Sharing. Submitted to the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.
13 William H. Sandholm, An Evolutionary Approach to Congestion, February 1998.
14 IP网络的服务质量 多业务互连网的基础
15 曲润涛，席裕庚，韩兵 多媒体通信的成组多点广播路由算法《通信学报》1999．5
16 何小燕，费翔，吴介 高速网络中基于模糊神经网络的拥塞控制研究《东南大学学报》1999．9
17 史川军 高速网络服务质量的路由选择问题 《电讯技术》2000
18 张占军，韩承德，杨学良 基于自适应节的多媒体流QoS保证的研究《计算机学报》2000．12
19 邓志成，赵建英，周旗，徐惠民 一种QoS保证的路由算法《北京邮电大学学报》1999．12
20 罗万明，林闯，阎保平 一种支持多媒体通信QoS的拥塞控制机制《电子学报》2000．11
21 刘燕，孙利民，杨晓东 LCFAA：一个低代价的完全自适应路由算法《计算机研究与发展》1999．3
22 郭福田，姜军，朱丽萍，邱成 网络互联中的路由技术应用研究《计算机应用研究》1999
23 董庆阳，李毓麟，许刚 IP组播路由结构的性能分析《上海交通大学学报》1999．9
24 张宇，汤伟中，管文军 IPQoS仿真软件的设计与实现《电讯技术》2000年第6期
25 廖敬一，裘正定 异质性网络多媒体通信的多播路由算法《计算机研究与发展》2000．12
26 李晓红，张新荣，冯志勇 孙济洲网络多媒体信息传输同步失调控制研究 内蒙古大学学报 1999．1
27 张素兵，刘泽民 基于蚂蚁算法的分级QoS路由调度方法《北京邮电大学学报》2000．12
28 杨新凯，席裕庚．基于多项服务质量的域间路由方案．通信技术，No．104，totally，1999
29 陈文云，胡家骏．一种动态实时多约束ATM路由．上海交通大学学报 Vol．33，No．5，May，1999
30 朱洪，陈增武，段振华等．算法设计与分析．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1989．
31 陈惠民，卢欣，王普，李衍达，对策论方法在信息网络资源分配中的应用．通信学报1999年8月．
32 谢希仁，“计算机网络”，大连理工大学出版社
33 《动态规划及其应用》张之、李建德，国防工业出版社，1994。
34 《网络管理与控制技术》郭军，人民邮电出版社，1999。