海相碳酸盐岩地震储层预测技术及应用
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摘要
碳酸盐岩是世界上最重要的油气勘探开发领域,约占全球储产量的一半。多年的勘探开发和综合研究认为,塔里木盆地下古生界奥陶-寒武系发育的海相碳酸盐岩储层分布面积广、构造范围大、油源充足,具备良好的石油地质基础,是塔里木盆地台盆区油气勘探最重要的层系,勘探潜力巨大。塔中地区是塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探的重点区块之一。顺西区块卡塔克I号坡折带西段顺2井与顺6井钻遇上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩相储层,见良好的油气显示;卡1区块中1井和古城区块古隆2井分别于下奥陶统鹰山组和中奥陶统一间房组获得工业气流,展示了塔中地区非I号坡折带主体区域广阔的勘探前景,但目前其油气勘探程度、研究程度还远远不够,针对其进行综合性研究有利于扩宽对塔中地区的油气勘探思路,并具有重要的现实意义。
论文以碳酸盐岩储层地质学和地球物理学为理论基础,通过工区内已钻井详细描述了塔中I号坡折带非主体构造区域奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层物性、孔隙结构、储集空间类型和地球物理学特征,系统分析了碳酸盐岩储层发育的主控因素,指出研究区碳酸盐岩储集体类型的多样性,宏观上将其分为礁滩型和岩溶型,微观上分为孔洞型、裂缝型和裂缝-孔洞型,该区储层具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强的特征,沉积相带、成岩作用、构造作用是储层发育的主控因素。
以塔里木盆地塔中地区(其中顺西、卡1、古城工区为主要研究区域)上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩复合体储层和下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层及中奥陶统一间房组缝洞型储层为研究目标,论文在岩石物理学、地球物理学、地震储层预测等多学科理论指导下,综合利用地质、测井、地震等相关资料,在沉积、构造分析的研究成果基础上,开展有利岩性展布规律研究,建立不同类型储集体成因模式;开展精细构造解释和断层组合;开展古地貌分析和地震相划分,进行礁滩体沉积相预测,岩溶古地貌划分与有利岩溶发育区预测;开展多地震属性提取并进行主成分分析,优选有效属性;进行叠后地震-测井联合波阻抗反演;开展以相干、相似体、体曲率属性为主的多尺度裂缝识别技术预测断裂/微断裂发育区;应用三维可视化进行储层空间描述;利用上述方法进行地震储层综合评价,确定有利勘探区域,提供钻探目标。通过在研究区的储层预测新技术、新方法的应用性研究,总结碳酸盐岩储层预测配套技术系列,逐步实现储层描述的定量化。综合上述技术方法取得的成果将其预测的有利区带叠合成图,把研究区内储层划分为三类,每个工区的主要划分依据和标准根据其储集体类型的不同有所侧重。对比总结了塔中研究区各个工区碳酸盐岩储层的地震属性特征和技术方法的适用性,为塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层预测研究提供了理论支持和技术支撑。通过对塔里木盆地塔中研究区块的综合研究,验证了非塔中I号坡折带主体构造区域奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层勘探的有利前景,拓展了塔中地区油气勘探的深度和范围。该研究取得了较好的成效,初步形成了一套碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术及配套工作流程,可为类似地区的研究工作提供重要借鉴和参考。
The carbonate reservoir is the most important domain of the exploartaion and production of oil and gas in the world, which occupies approximately a half of the reserves and output of the globe. Exploration and reserches in the past years shows that marine facies carbonate reservoir developed in Cambrian-Ordovician system of Lower Palezoic in Tarim basin are distributed over large areas and have a wide range of structural, and have adequate source of oil and gas and with the excellent base of oil geology, which are the most important series of strata of the reservoir exploration in platform-basin region of Tarim basin and have a huge potential of exploration. Tazhong area is one of the important areas of reservoir exploration of marine facies carbonate of Tarim basin. Reserovoir of reef-shoal facies in Lianglitage formation of upper Ordovician series is found in well Shun2 and well Shun6 in the west of Katake uplift in Shunxi area, which have good show of oil and gas; Industrial gas flow have been obtained in well Zhong1 in Yingshan formation of lower Ordovician series and well Gulong2 in Yijianfang formation of middle Ordovician series, all this show a wide exploration prospect in non-main part of No.1 slope break belt of Tazhong area, but recently the extent of reservoir exploration and research are not nearly enough, the comprehensive research aiming at it is benefit for widening the thinkway of reservoir exploration in Tazhong area and has important realistic meaning.
Based on the theories of reservoir geology of carbonate reservoir and geophyics, the paper describes in detail the physicality, pore structure, typed of reservoir space and geophysical characters of carbonate reservoir of Ordovician series in non-main part structure area of No.1 slope break belt in Tazhong area through the drilled wells in the work areas, and analysises systematically the main controlling factors of development of carbonate reservoir, and points out the multiformity of carbonate reservoir in research areas, which are divided into reef-shoal type and karst type on the macroscopical level, while fissure-pore type, fissure-hole type and cave type on the microscopic level. The reservoir in this area has the characters of low porosity and permeability, large transversal change and strong heterogeneity. Sedimentary facies zones, diagenesis and tectonism are the main controlling factors of reservoir development.
In Tazhong area of Traim basin(Shunxi, Ka1, Gucheng are the main research areas), reef-shoal reservoir in the upper Ordoviaian Lianglitage formation and karst reservoir in the lower Ordoviaian Yingshan formation Yingshan formation and fracture-cavity reservoir in the middle Ordoviaian Yijianfang formation are the researching targets in this paper, drawing lessons from past researches of carbonate reservoir, the emphasis is changed from the researches on“point”to researches on“face”, the main thinkway of research is confirmed that”seeking benefit facies zones→confirming benefit reservoir→researching properties of reservoir filud”. Integratly using information of geology, log, seismic and so on, researches are carried out including distribution principle of benefit lithology, model construction of different types of reservoir, fine structural interpretation, fault combination, paleogeomorphogloic analysis, seismic facies analysis, prediction of reef-shoal sedimentary facies, division of fassil karst, prediction of benefit karst zones, extraction of multi seismic attributes and optimition of effective ones through principal component analysis, poststack wave impedance inversion with the integration of seismic and wells, prediction of fault/micro-fault developmental zones of using technique of multiple dimensioned crack identification such as coherence, similarity, body-curvature and other attributes, description of reservoir space using 3D visualization, which are used for seismic reservoir integrated evalutation, confirmation of benefit exploration areas and providing of drilling targets, which are under the guide of theories of multidisciplinary including petrophysics, geophysics and seismic reservoir prediction and on the base of research result and analysis of sedimentary and structure. Through the application research of new techniques and new methods of reservoir prediction in the research area, assorted techniques series of carbonate reservoir prediction is summarized and quantification of reservoir description is gradually realized. Integrating the results of technologies and methods mentioned above and drawing the superposition map of predicted benefit zones, the reservoir are classified as three types and the main standards of classification are emphasized by the different kind of reservoir in research areas; Proving the theory and technical support for research of carbonate reservoir prediction in Tazhong area through the contrast and summary of the characters of seismic attributes and applicability of methods and techniques of carbonate reservoir in each working area of Tazong area; Verifying the benefit prosects of marine facies carbonate reservoir exploration in Ordovician system of non-main part of No.1 slope break belt of Tazhong area and expanding the depth and scope of reservoir prediction in Tazhong area by the synthetically research of Tazhong researching areas in Tarim basin. This research obtains a preferable effect and a sort of seimic prediction techniques of carbonate reservoir and an assorted workflow are initially formed, which can provide important reference value for researches in similar areas.
论文以碳酸盐岩储层地质学和地球物理学为理论基础,通过工区内已钻井详细描述了塔中I号坡折带非主体构造区域奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层物性、孔隙结构、储集空间类型和地球物理学特征,系统分析了碳酸盐岩储层发育的主控因素,指出研究区碳酸盐岩储集体类型的多样性,宏观上将其分为礁滩型和岩溶型,微观上分为孔洞型、裂缝型和裂缝-孔洞型,该区储层具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强的特征,沉积相带、成岩作用、构造作用是储层发育的主控因素。
以塔里木盆地塔中地区(其中顺西、卡1、古城工区为主要研究区域)上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩复合体储层和下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层及中奥陶统一间房组缝洞型储层为研究目标,论文在岩石物理学、地球物理学、地震储层预测等多学科理论指导下,综合利用地质、测井、地震等相关资料,在沉积、构造分析的研究成果基础上,开展有利岩性展布规律研究,建立不同类型储集体成因模式;开展精细构造解释和断层组合;开展古地貌分析和地震相划分,进行礁滩体沉积相预测,岩溶古地貌划分与有利岩溶发育区预测;开展多地震属性提取并进行主成分分析,优选有效属性;进行叠后地震-测井联合波阻抗反演;开展以相干、相似体、体曲率属性为主的多尺度裂缝识别技术预测断裂/微断裂发育区;应用三维可视化进行储层空间描述;利用上述方法进行地震储层综合评价,确定有利勘探区域,提供钻探目标。通过在研究区的储层预测新技术、新方法的应用性研究,总结碳酸盐岩储层预测配套技术系列,逐步实现储层描述的定量化。综合上述技术方法取得的成果将其预测的有利区带叠合成图,把研究区内储层划分为三类,每个工区的主要划分依据和标准根据其储集体类型的不同有所侧重。对比总结了塔中研究区各个工区碳酸盐岩储层的地震属性特征和技术方法的适用性,为塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层预测研究提供了理论支持和技术支撑。通过对塔里木盆地塔中研究区块的综合研究,验证了非塔中I号坡折带主体构造区域奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层勘探的有利前景,拓展了塔中地区油气勘探的深度和范围。该研究取得了较好的成效,初步形成了一套碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术及配套工作流程,可为类似地区的研究工作提供重要借鉴和参考。
The carbonate reservoir is the most important domain of the exploartaion and production of oil and gas in the world, which occupies approximately a half of the reserves and output of the globe. Exploration and reserches in the past years shows that marine facies carbonate reservoir developed in Cambrian-Ordovician system of Lower Palezoic in Tarim basin are distributed over large areas and have a wide range of structural, and have adequate source of oil and gas and with the excellent base of oil geology, which are the most important series of strata of the reservoir exploration in platform-basin region of Tarim basin and have a huge potential of exploration. Tazhong area is one of the important areas of reservoir exploration of marine facies carbonate of Tarim basin. Reserovoir of reef-shoal facies in Lianglitage formation of upper Ordovician series is found in well Shun2 and well Shun6 in the west of Katake uplift in Shunxi area, which have good show of oil and gas; Industrial gas flow have been obtained in well Zhong1 in Yingshan formation of lower Ordovician series and well Gulong2 in Yijianfang formation of middle Ordovician series, all this show a wide exploration prospect in non-main part of No.1 slope break belt of Tazhong area, but recently the extent of reservoir exploration and research are not nearly enough, the comprehensive research aiming at it is benefit for widening the thinkway of reservoir exploration in Tazhong area and has important realistic meaning.
Based on the theories of reservoir geology of carbonate reservoir and geophyics, the paper describes in detail the physicality, pore structure, typed of reservoir space and geophysical characters of carbonate reservoir of Ordovician series in non-main part structure area of No.1 slope break belt in Tazhong area through the drilled wells in the work areas, and analysises systematically the main controlling factors of development of carbonate reservoir, and points out the multiformity of carbonate reservoir in research areas, which are divided into reef-shoal type and karst type on the macroscopical level, while fissure-pore type, fissure-hole type and cave type on the microscopic level. The reservoir in this area has the characters of low porosity and permeability, large transversal change and strong heterogeneity. Sedimentary facies zones, diagenesis and tectonism are the main controlling factors of reservoir development.
In Tazhong area of Traim basin(Shunxi, Ka1, Gucheng are the main research areas), reef-shoal reservoir in the upper Ordoviaian Lianglitage formation and karst reservoir in the lower Ordoviaian Yingshan formation Yingshan formation and fracture-cavity reservoir in the middle Ordoviaian Yijianfang formation are the researching targets in this paper, drawing lessons from past researches of carbonate reservoir, the emphasis is changed from the researches on“point”to researches on“face”, the main thinkway of research is confirmed that”seeking benefit facies zones→confirming benefit reservoir→researching properties of reservoir filud”. Integratly using information of geology, log, seismic and so on, researches are carried out including distribution principle of benefit lithology, model construction of different types of reservoir, fine structural interpretation, fault combination, paleogeomorphogloic analysis, seismic facies analysis, prediction of reef-shoal sedimentary facies, division of fassil karst, prediction of benefit karst zones, extraction of multi seismic attributes and optimition of effective ones through principal component analysis, poststack wave impedance inversion with the integration of seismic and wells, prediction of fault/micro-fault developmental zones of using technique of multiple dimensioned crack identification such as coherence, similarity, body-curvature and other attributes, description of reservoir space using 3D visualization, which are used for seismic reservoir integrated evalutation, confirmation of benefit exploration areas and providing of drilling targets, which are under the guide of theories of multidisciplinary including petrophysics, geophysics and seismic reservoir prediction and on the base of research result and analysis of sedimentary and structure. Through the application research of new techniques and new methods of reservoir prediction in the research area, assorted techniques series of carbonate reservoir prediction is summarized and quantification of reservoir description is gradually realized. Integrating the results of technologies and methods mentioned above and drawing the superposition map of predicted benefit zones, the reservoir are classified as three types and the main standards of classification are emphasized by the different kind of reservoir in research areas; Proving the theory and technical support for research of carbonate reservoir prediction in Tazhong area through the contrast and summary of the characters of seismic attributes and applicability of methods and techniques of carbonate reservoir in each working area of Tazong area; Verifying the benefit prosects of marine facies carbonate reservoir exploration in Ordovician system of non-main part of No.1 slope break belt of Tazhong area and expanding the depth and scope of reservoir prediction in Tazhong area by the synthetically research of Tazhong researching areas in Tarim basin. This research obtains a preferable effect and a sort of seimic prediction techniques of carbonate reservoir and an assorted workflow are initially formed, which can provide important reference value for researches in similar areas.
引文
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