电阻层析成系统敏感场特性分析与仿真研究
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摘要
应用过程层析成像技术进行多相流参数检测可获得多相流体二维或三维的时空局部的、微观的分布信息,为解决多相流参数检测这一难题提供了一条有效途经。过程层析成像技术经过十余年的发展已取得很大进步。依据信息获取手段和传感机理不同,该技术可分为电容层析成像、电阻层析成像和电磁感应层析成像等十余种。本文以基于电阻传感机理的电阻层析成像系统为研究对象,探讨了有限元系统建模、敏感场分析计算及不同流型对敏感场分布影响等相关问题。
本文在阅读大量参考文献的基础上,归纳总结了多相流检测技术对于科研及工业生产的重要意义,分析多相流检测技术主要参数及其多相流检测技术的发展现状和发展趋势。阐明了电阻层析成像系统的构成及技术特点,概括的描述了电阻层析成像系统的研究现状和广阔的工业应用前景,分析了电阻层析成像技术发展中必须解决的问题,指出软场问题及图像重建算法精度不高是限制电阻层析成像技术工业实用化的瓶颈问题。在多种数值分析方法中,本文采用了有限元方法进行求解,对其必要性在文中作了详细地介绍。建立了系统的有限元模型并以此为基础进行了敏感场数值计算,实验证明有限元模型是正确的,为相关的图像重建算法提供了依据。并且从均匀场和非均匀场两方面入手对敏感场分布进行研究,着重从流型设置分析了介质分布影响敏感场分布这一软场特性。最后开发了电阻层析成像有限元仿真软件,界面简洁操作简单,利用该软件可以方便的对难以用数理方程求取理论解的场域进行分析,促进了后续研究工作的开展。
With process tomography technique, multiphase flow two-dimensional or three-dimensional space-time partial and microscopic distribution information can be obtained in multiphase flow parameter measurement, which provides an effective approach in solving the difficulty of multiphase flow parameter measurement. Process tomography technique has made a great progress in the last ten years. According to the way of acquiring information and principle of sensor, process tomography technique can be divided into more than ten kinds such as electrical capacitance tomography, electrical resistance tomography, electromagnetic tomography and so on. The subject investigated in this dissertation is electrical resistance tomography system, which is on the basis of resistance sensor principle. Some relative problems such as system modeling with finite element method, analysis and calculation for sensitivity field, influence generated by the different flow regimes on the sensitivity field distribution are discussed.
The important meaning of multiphase flow measurement to the science research and industry production is summarized, at the same time main parameter, current status and developing trend of multiphase flow measurement technique are analyzed. In addition, the structure and technique characteristic of electrical resistance tomography system is clarified. The current status and broad industrial application prospect of electrical resistance tomography are discussed. The key problems that must be solved in the development of electrical resistance tomography are also pointed out. It is emphasized that the soft field characteristic and the low resolution of image reconstruction are the main problems that result in the difficulty of its practical application. Compared with other numerical analysis methods, the finite element method is adopted to solve the problem, and the necessity of which is discussed. The system of finite element is built, and it can calculate numerical value of sensitivity field. The experiments show that the finite element model is feasible, which provides the basis for related image reconstruction algorithms. And the research of the sensitivity field distribution can be started with uniformity field and non-uniformity field, and emphasize to analyze the soft field characteristic according to flow regimes, which is that distribution of the medium can influence the distribution of the sensitivity field. Finally the finite element simulation software of electrical resistance tomography system is developed, whose interface is simple and utility. It is easier to analyze field, which is difficult to acquire theoretic value. Also, the software promotes the other following research to study.
本文在阅读大量参考文献的基础上,归纳总结了多相流检测技术对于科研及工业生产的重要意义,分析多相流检测技术主要参数及其多相流检测技术的发展现状和发展趋势。阐明了电阻层析成像系统的构成及技术特点,概括的描述了电阻层析成像系统的研究现状和广阔的工业应用前景,分析了电阻层析成像技术发展中必须解决的问题,指出软场问题及图像重建算法精度不高是限制电阻层析成像技术工业实用化的瓶颈问题。在多种数值分析方法中,本文采用了有限元方法进行求解,对其必要性在文中作了详细地介绍。建立了系统的有限元模型并以此为基础进行了敏感场数值计算,实验证明有限元模型是正确的,为相关的图像重建算法提供了依据。并且从均匀场和非均匀场两方面入手对敏感场分布进行研究,着重从流型设置分析了介质分布影响敏感场分布这一软场特性。最后开发了电阻层析成像有限元仿真软件,界面简洁操作简单,利用该软件可以方便的对难以用数理方程求取理论解的场域进行分析,促进了后续研究工作的开展。
With process tomography technique, multiphase flow two-dimensional or three-dimensional space-time partial and microscopic distribution information can be obtained in multiphase flow parameter measurement, which provides an effective approach in solving the difficulty of multiphase flow parameter measurement. Process tomography technique has made a great progress in the last ten years. According to the way of acquiring information and principle of sensor, process tomography technique can be divided into more than ten kinds such as electrical capacitance tomography, electrical resistance tomography, electromagnetic tomography and so on. The subject investigated in this dissertation is electrical resistance tomography system, which is on the basis of resistance sensor principle. Some relative problems such as system modeling with finite element method, analysis and calculation for sensitivity field, influence generated by the different flow regimes on the sensitivity field distribution are discussed.
The important meaning of multiphase flow measurement to the science research and industry production is summarized, at the same time main parameter, current status and developing trend of multiphase flow measurement technique are analyzed. In addition, the structure and technique characteristic of electrical resistance tomography system is clarified. The current status and broad industrial application prospect of electrical resistance tomography are discussed. The key problems that must be solved in the development of electrical resistance tomography are also pointed out. It is emphasized that the soft field characteristic and the low resolution of image reconstruction are the main problems that result in the difficulty of its practical application. Compared with other numerical analysis methods, the finite element method is adopted to solve the problem, and the necessity of which is discussed. The system of finite element is built, and it can calculate numerical value of sensitivity field. The experiments show that the finite element model is feasible, which provides the basis for related image reconstruction algorithms. And the research of the sensitivity field distribution can be started with uniformity field and non-uniformity field, and emphasize to analyze the soft field characteristic according to flow regimes, which is that distribution of the medium can influence the distribution of the sensitivity field. Finally the finite element simulation software of electrical resistance tomography system is developed, whose interface is simple and utility. It is easier to analyze field, which is difficult to acquire theoretic value. Also, the software promotes the other following research to study.
引文
1 李海青,黄志尧.特种检测技术及应用.浙江大学出版社,2000:34~56
2 连桂森.多相流动基础.浙江大学出版社,1989:17~32
3 吕宇玲,何利民.多相流计量技术综述.天然气与石油,2004,22(4):52~53
4 宫敬.混相输送技术与应用.油气储运,2003,22(9):35~38
5 薛国明,沈毅.油田多相流计量方法研究与探讨.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):58~60
6 Aku Sppanen , Marko Vauhkonen . Fluid Dynamical Models and State Estimation in Process Tomography :Effect Due to Inaccuracies in Flow Fields.Journal of Electronic Imaging,2001,10(3):630~640
7 Xiugang Zhang,Dong Wang.Recent Development in Process Tomography for Multiphase Flows.Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2004,19(3):221~226
8 Huang Zhiyao,Wang Baoliang.Realtime Electrical Resistance Tomography System Based on Bi-directional Pulse Current Technique.Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2005,18(1):66~69
9 权志英.小波分析技术在电容层析成像系统流型识别中的应用研究.哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2005:4~6
10 王兴,颜华.电容层析成像技术及发展现状.沈阳工业大学学报,2001,23(6):497~500
11 李海青,乔贺堂.多相流检测技术进展. 石油工业出版社,1996:57~64
12 徐苓安.过程层析成像技术的最新进展:记第一届世界工业过程层析成像会议.世界仪表与自动化,1999:34~37
13 徐苓安,张宝芬.迅速发展中的过程层析成像技术:第二届过程层析成像技术发展前沿会议.国际学术动态,1997:38~40
14 董锋,崔晓会.电阻层析成像技术的发展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):703~705
15 魏颖,王师.基于电阻层析成像技术的两相流检测的仿真.东北大学学报,2000,21(5):494~497
16 李海青.两相流参数检测及应用.浙江大学出版社,1991:18~30
17 魏颖.电阻层析成像技术(ERT)及其在两相流测量中的应用研究.东北大学博士学位论文,2001:25~30
18 黄志尧,晏颖.电阻层析成像传感器软场特性分析.仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):573~576
19 徐苓安.电阻层析成像技术在生产过程中的应用.东北大学学报,2000,21(S1):1~5
20 赵丰.电容电阻复合成像系统硬件研究.广西大学硕士学位论文,2005:4~6
21 Xu Guangjie,Yang Xiangyong.Three-dimensional Simulation of Electrical Resistance Tomography Fields .Journal of Tsinghua University,2005,45(2):231~234
22 Jordana,Josep.Application of a Back Projection Algorithm to Reconstruct Images of Subsurface Horizontal Planes for Laboratory Experiments in Electrical Resistance Tomography.Mathematical Geology,2004,36(1):
127~141
23 Daily William,Ramirez Abelard.Electrical Resistance Tomography.Leading Edge,2004,23(5):438~442
24 S. L. Kang.Electrical Resistance Tomography for the Visualization of Two-phase Fields with an Adaptive Mesh Grouping Scheme . International Conference on Modeling Identification and Control,2003:141~146
25 Trevor.Status of Electrical Tomography in Industrial Applications.Journal of Electronic Image,2001,10(3):608~619
26 Andrew Binley.Flow Pathways in Porous Media:Electrical Resistance Tomography and Dye Staining Image Verification.Meas.Sci.Technol,1996:384~390
27 邓湘,董峰.基于电阻层析成像技术的两相流流速测量系统.自动化仪表,2002,23(11):8~10
28 邹璐.电阻层析成像系统仿真建模研究.清华大学硕士学位论文,2002:5~7
29 张兆田,熊小芸.过程层析成像概述.中国体视学与图像分析,2005,10(3):145~148
30 Manel Gasulla.2D and 3D Subsurface Resistivity Imaging Using a Constrained Least Squares Algorithm.The First World Congress on Industrial ProcessTomography,Buxton,1999:20~27
31 X Deng,F Dong.The Design of a Dual-plane ERT System for Cross Correlation Measurement of Bubbly Gas/Liquid Pipe Flow.Measurement Science and Technology,2001,12(8):1024~1031
32 马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术在气/液两相管流界面辨别中的应用.中国科学院力学研究所博士后士学位论文,2000:4~16
33 马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术及其在气/液两相泡状流检测中的应用.天津大学博士学位论文,1999:15~25
34 华磊.电阻层析成像系统和相关技术在两相流测量中的应用.天津大学硕士学位论文,2005:26~38
35 董峰,赵国勋.应用电阻层析成像技术测定两相流中气含率的研究.东北大学学报,2000,21(S1):167~172
36 Hua Lei,Dong Feng.Research on Electrical Resistance Tomography and Cross Correlation Technique to Measure the Two-phase Flows.Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Italy,2004:2308~2313
37 Zhao Wuling,Dong Feng.Realization of Image Reconstruction Algorithms for ERT Based on Single Drive Electrode method.Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,Shanghai,2005:5341~5344
38 魏颖,王师.电阻层析成像技术的研究现状与应用发展趋势.信息与控制,2000,29(4):340~345
39 董峰,许燕斌.电阻层析成像技术在两相流测量中的应用.工程热物理学报,2006,27(5):790~794
40 Stanley.Interrogation of a Precipitation Reaction by Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT).AICHE Journal,2005,51(2):607~614
41 董峰,刘军文.电阻层析成像系统工作模式的研究.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(S4):650~658
42 倪光正,杨仕友.工程电磁场数值计算.机械工业出版社,2004:93~238
43 盛剑霓.电磁场数值分析.科学出版社,1984:1~34
44 王勖成,邵敏.有限元方法基本原理和数值方法.2003:45~48
45 余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005:5~18
46 倪光正,钱秀英.电磁场数值计算.高等教育出版社,1996:34~56
47 金建铭,王建国.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学出版社,1998:30~45
48 曾余庚, 徐国华. 电磁场有限单元法. 科学出版社,1982:54~100
49 徐光捷,杨献勇.电阻层析成像场域的三维仿真.清华大学学报,2005,45(2):231~234
50 王微微.气液两相流参数检测新方法研究.浙江大学博士论文,2006:36~45
51 许会,金锋. 电容传感器场灵敏度的合理计算方法探讨. 仪器仪表学报,1999,20(5):489~492
52 郑兆敏,姜常珍.电阻层析成像均匀场域的建立方法.仪器仪表学报,2002,23(3):660~661
53 余金华,冀海峰.电阻层析成像有限元分析若干技巧.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(S4):687~689
54 邹璐.电阻层析成像系统仿真建模研究.清华大学硕士学位论文,2002:20~40
55 Jia Xiuquan , Dong Feng . Structural Optimization of Dual Plane ERT Electrode Array . Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,Shanghai,2005:1031~1036
56 何红雨.电磁场数值计算法与 MATLAB 实现.华中科技大学出版社,2003:1~11
57 Hanselman,Littlefield.精通 Matlab 7.清华大学出版社,2006:168~186
2 连桂森.多相流动基础.浙江大学出版社,1989:17~32
3 吕宇玲,何利民.多相流计量技术综述.天然气与石油,2004,22(4):52~53
4 宫敬.混相输送技术与应用.油气储运,2003,22(9):35~38
5 薛国明,沈毅.油田多相流计量方法研究与探讨.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):58~60
6 Aku Sppanen , Marko Vauhkonen . Fluid Dynamical Models and State Estimation in Process Tomography :Effect Due to Inaccuracies in Flow Fields.Journal of Electronic Imaging,2001,10(3):630~640
7 Xiugang Zhang,Dong Wang.Recent Development in Process Tomography for Multiphase Flows.Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2004,19(3):221~226
8 Huang Zhiyao,Wang Baoliang.Realtime Electrical Resistance Tomography System Based on Bi-directional Pulse Current Technique.Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2005,18(1):66~69
9 权志英.小波分析技术在电容层析成像系统流型识别中的应用研究.哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2005:4~6
10 王兴,颜华.电容层析成像技术及发展现状.沈阳工业大学学报,2001,23(6):497~500
11 李海青,乔贺堂.多相流检测技术进展. 石油工业出版社,1996:57~64
12 徐苓安.过程层析成像技术的最新进展:记第一届世界工业过程层析成像会议.世界仪表与自动化,1999:34~37
13 徐苓安,张宝芬.迅速发展中的过程层析成像技术:第二届过程层析成像技术发展前沿会议.国际学术动态,1997:38~40
14 董锋,崔晓会.电阻层析成像技术的发展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(4):703~705
15 魏颖,王师.基于电阻层析成像技术的两相流检测的仿真.东北大学学报,2000,21(5):494~497
16 李海青.两相流参数检测及应用.浙江大学出版社,1991:18~30
17 魏颖.电阻层析成像技术(ERT)及其在两相流测量中的应用研究.东北大学博士学位论文,2001:25~30
18 黄志尧,晏颖.电阻层析成像传感器软场特性分析.仪器仪表学报,2001,22(6):573~576
19 徐苓安.电阻层析成像技术在生产过程中的应用.东北大学学报,2000,21(S1):1~5
20 赵丰.电容电阻复合成像系统硬件研究.广西大学硕士学位论文,2005:4~6
21 Xu Guangjie,Yang Xiangyong.Three-dimensional Simulation of Electrical Resistance Tomography Fields .Journal of Tsinghua University,2005,45(2):231~234
22 Jordana,Josep.Application of a Back Projection Algorithm to Reconstruct Images of Subsurface Horizontal Planes for Laboratory Experiments in Electrical Resistance Tomography.Mathematical Geology,2004,36(1):
127~141
23 Daily William,Ramirez Abelard.Electrical Resistance Tomography.Leading Edge,2004,23(5):438~442
24 S. L. Kang.Electrical Resistance Tomography for the Visualization of Two-phase Fields with an Adaptive Mesh Grouping Scheme . International Conference on Modeling Identification and Control,2003:141~146
25 Trevor.Status of Electrical Tomography in Industrial Applications.Journal of Electronic Image,2001,10(3):608~619
26 Andrew Binley.Flow Pathways in Porous Media:Electrical Resistance Tomography and Dye Staining Image Verification.Meas.Sci.Technol,1996:384~390
27 邓湘,董峰.基于电阻层析成像技术的两相流流速测量系统.自动化仪表,2002,23(11):8~10
28 邹璐.电阻层析成像系统仿真建模研究.清华大学硕士学位论文,2002:5~7
29 张兆田,熊小芸.过程层析成像概述.中国体视学与图像分析,2005,10(3):145~148
30 Manel Gasulla.2D and 3D Subsurface Resistivity Imaging Using a Constrained Least Squares Algorithm.The First World Congress on Industrial ProcessTomography,Buxton,1999:20~27
31 X Deng,F Dong.The Design of a Dual-plane ERT System for Cross Correlation Measurement of Bubbly Gas/Liquid Pipe Flow.Measurement Science and Technology,2001,12(8):1024~1031
32 马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术在气/液两相管流界面辨别中的应用.中国科学院力学研究所博士后士学位论文,2000:4~16
33 马艺馨.电阻层析成像技术及其在气/液两相泡状流检测中的应用.天津大学博士学位论文,1999:15~25
34 华磊.电阻层析成像系统和相关技术在两相流测量中的应用.天津大学硕士学位论文,2005:26~38
35 董峰,赵国勋.应用电阻层析成像技术测定两相流中气含率的研究.东北大学学报,2000,21(S1):167~172
36 Hua Lei,Dong Feng.Research on Electrical Resistance Tomography and Cross Correlation Technique to Measure the Two-phase Flows.Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Italy,2004:2308~2313
37 Zhao Wuling,Dong Feng.Realization of Image Reconstruction Algorithms for ERT Based on Single Drive Electrode method.Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,Shanghai,2005:5341~5344
38 魏颖,王师.电阻层析成像技术的研究现状与应用发展趋势.信息与控制,2000,29(4):340~345
39 董峰,许燕斌.电阻层析成像技术在两相流测量中的应用.工程热物理学报,2006,27(5):790~794
40 Stanley.Interrogation of a Precipitation Reaction by Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT).AICHE Journal,2005,51(2):607~614
41 董峰,刘军文.电阻层析成像系统工作模式的研究.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(S4):650~658
42 倪光正,杨仕友.工程电磁场数值计算.机械工业出版社,2004:93~238
43 盛剑霓.电磁场数值分析.科学出版社,1984:1~34
44 王勖成,邵敏.有限元方法基本原理和数值方法.2003:45~48
45 余金华.电阻层析成像技术应用研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2005:5~18
46 倪光正,钱秀英.电磁场数值计算.高等教育出版社,1996:34~56
47 金建铭,王建国.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学出版社,1998:30~45
48 曾余庚, 徐国华. 电磁场有限单元法. 科学出版社,1982:54~100
49 徐光捷,杨献勇.电阻层析成像场域的三维仿真.清华大学学报,2005,45(2):231~234
50 王微微.气液两相流参数检测新方法研究.浙江大学博士论文,2006:36~45
51 许会,金锋. 电容传感器场灵敏度的合理计算方法探讨. 仪器仪表学报,1999,20(5):489~492
52 郑兆敏,姜常珍.电阻层析成像均匀场域的建立方法.仪器仪表学报,2002,23(3):660~661
53 余金华,冀海峰.电阻层析成像有限元分析若干技巧.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(S4):687~689
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