城市雨水径流污染控制与排水管道缺损状况量化评价研究
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摘要
地表雨水径流污染与地下排水管道损漏是城市面源污染的主要来源，如何有效控制城市雨水径流污染与进行污水管道损漏评价与修复，是控制城市面源污染的关键。本文研究制备高效改性磷吸附剂，开发针对雨水径流的截流渗滤工艺技术，有效控制雨水径流污染；基于排水管道视频检测技术，以模糊数学方法为核心，建立排水管道缺损状况的综合评价模型，实现对我国2个城市部分排水管道缺损状况的量化评价。主要取得如下研究成果：1、采用硼氢化钠还原法成功制备了纳米铁，并用于对多种吸附材料的改性，处理雨水径流时，对其中磷的吸附容量最高提高至改性前的75倍，且可使出水中总磷（TP）浓度低于0.02mg/L；2、在我国南方A市试验区设计和实施道路雨水径流截流渗滤工艺，其对径流中悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）和总磷浓度的平均去除率分别为98.6%、65.4%、55.1%和92.6%；设计和实施绿地雨水径流原位渗滤工艺，其对不同水力负荷的模拟径流处理效果均较好，长期运行后，对SS和TP等的去除效率均稳定在60%左右；3、成功开发具有自主知识产权的管道视频检测机器人THUSIR-2，并用于对试验区内部分排水管道的缺损状况进行视频检测；4、采用模糊综合评判法（FCE）与层次分析法（AHP），综合考虑排水管道的密封性、稳定性和功能性指标，建立针对排水管道缺损状况的综合量化评价模型；5、利用所建立的评价模型，对我国南方2个城市的部分排水管道的视频数据进行计算评价，结果表明：A市所评价管道中，约30%管道属于严重缺损或紧急状况，主要缺损类型为管道变形与堵塞，约20%管道缺损属于中等状况，主要缺损类型为沉积物堵塞，其余管道为轻微缺损或良好状态；B市所评价管道中，约15%管道属于严重缺损状况，约15%管道属于中等缺损状况，主要缺损类型均为堵塞与接口错位，其余管道为轻微缺损或良好状态。
The rainwater surface runoff pollution and the underground sewer exfiltrationcaused by pipe defects are the two main sources of the urban non-point source pollution.How to effectively control the pollution from rainwater runoff and to assess andrehabilitate the sewer, becomes the key of controlling the urban non-point sourcepollution. In this study, several high adsorption capacity media were produced to adsorbphosphorus in rainwater runoff; novel rainwater collection and treatment processes weredeveloped to reduce the rainwater runoff pollution; a comprehensive sewer defectcondition evaluation model was established based on sewer pipe video inspection andfuzzy mathematic methods, and partial sewers in two southern Chinese cities werequantitatively assessed by the aforesaid model. The following conclusions came outwith this study:1. Nano iron particle was prepared using ferric ion reduction by NaBH4to modify phosphorus adsorption materials. The adsorption capacity of the modifiedmedia was increased at most up to75folds when treating phosphorous in rainwaterrunoff and the total phosphorus in the effluent was below0.02mg/L;2. A novel processcombining sedimentation and infiltration was designed and carried out to treat rainwaterrunoff from street in a southern Chinese city, City A. The system reached averageremoval efficiencies of98.6%,65.4%,55.1%and92.6%for SS, COD, TN and TP,respectively. An infiltration process was also built for the grassland rainwater runofftreatment, and it achieved high removal efficiencies under different hydraulic loadingrates. The removal efficiencies for SS and TP were around60%after a long periodoperation;3. An independently designed sewer inspection robot THUSIR-2was alsostudied and manufactured, and put into use for partial sewer video data collection inCity A.4. A comprehensive sewer defects evaluation model based on FuzzyComprehensive Evaluation (FCE) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concerningthe function, structure and stability of the sewer was developed, which concerned all thedefects with different damage levels in one pipe during the evaluation and provided aquantitative index H to represent the defects conditions of the pipe;5. Partial sewervideo data from two southern Chinese cities, City A and City B, were analyzed by theaforesaid evaluation model, and results showed that, around30%of the pipes examined in City A were categorized in severe or urgent level, and the main occurring defecttypes were deformation and clogging, while20%were in moderate level with maindefects like clogging, and the rest were in slight-defecting or good condition. About15%of the examined pipes in City B were in severe level and another15%were in moderatelevel, both with main defects like clogging and joint damage, and the rest were in goodcondition.
The rainwater surface runoff pollution and the underground sewer exfiltrationcaused by pipe defects are the two main sources of the urban non-point source pollution.How to effectively control the pollution from rainwater runoff and to assess andrehabilitate the sewer, becomes the key of controlling the urban non-point sourcepollution. In this study, several high adsorption capacity media were produced to adsorbphosphorus in rainwater runoff; novel rainwater collection and treatment processes weredeveloped to reduce the rainwater runoff pollution; a comprehensive sewer defectcondition evaluation model was established based on sewer pipe video inspection andfuzzy mathematic methods, and partial sewers in two southern Chinese cities werequantitatively assessed by the aforesaid model. The following conclusions came outwith this study:1. Nano iron particle was prepared using ferric ion reduction by NaBH4to modify phosphorus adsorption materials. The adsorption capacity of the modifiedmedia was increased at most up to75folds when treating phosphorous in rainwaterrunoff and the total phosphorus in the effluent was below0.02mg/L;2. A novel processcombining sedimentation and infiltration was designed and carried out to treat rainwaterrunoff from street in a southern Chinese city, City A. The system reached averageremoval efficiencies of98.6%,65.4%,55.1%and92.6%for SS, COD, TN and TP,respectively. An infiltration process was also built for the grassland rainwater runofftreatment, and it achieved high removal efficiencies under different hydraulic loadingrates. The removal efficiencies for SS and TP were around60%after a long periodoperation;3. An independently designed sewer inspection robot THUSIR-2was alsostudied and manufactured, and put into use for partial sewer video data collection inCity A.4. A comprehensive sewer defects evaluation model based on FuzzyComprehensive Evaluation (FCE) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concerningthe function, structure and stability of the sewer was developed, which concerned all thedefects with different damage levels in one pipe during the evaluation and provided aquantitative index H to represent the defects conditions of the pipe;5. Partial sewervideo data from two southern Chinese cities, City A and City B, were analyzed by theaforesaid evaluation model, and results showed that, around30%of the pipes examined in City A were categorized in severe or urgent level, and the main occurring defecttypes were deformation and clogging, while20%were in moderate level with maindefects like clogging, and the rest were in slight-defecting or good condition. About15%of the examined pipes in City B were in severe level and another15%were in moderatelevel, both with main defects like clogging and joint damage, and the rest were in goodcondition.
引文
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