电力负荷管理系统的设计、分析与研究
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摘要
电力负荷控制系统，又称电力负荷管理系统，是一个集现代化管理、计算机应用、自动控制、信息等多学科技术于一体，实现电力营销监控、电力营销管理、营业抄收、数据采集和网络连接等多种功能的一个完整的系统。对用电负荷进行有效的管理和控制可改善负荷曲线，提高发供电设备的利用率，可防止拉闸限电，避免影响社会生产和生活。负荷控制系统的广泛应用是电力企业自动化技术发展的趋势，对当前电力企业的生产经营具有十分重要的意义。
1992年，重庆电网缺电情况十分严重，拉闸限电非常频繁，严重制约了工农业发展及对人民正常生活造成严重影响。为此，当时重庆市经委、重庆市电业局决定在重庆市科委、四川省电力局立项，开展负荷控制系统的建设工作，原能源部也将重庆市纳入负荷控制系统的实施范围，重庆市是国家规定1993年要基本实现电力负荷控制到户的35个城市之一。
重庆电力负荷控制系统始建于1992年，到1996年时，已建成了一个由NOVELL网络构成的控制中心、6个双向中继转发站、2个单向转发站、各类型终端1260多台，覆盖原重庆电业局所辖供电区域。系统规模在当时全国各大中城市建立的电力负荷系统中居首位。
根据形势的需要，重庆市电力负荷控制系统改造成重庆电力负荷管理系统。目前共建立了具有主中心系统、四个中继站，七个分中心和三个二级分中心，共有各种用户采集终端2820台。又根据需要及可能，系统在功能方面又扩大到变电站抄表和公用配变的测量和监测上，建立了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统和公用配变电量集中采集系统。因此又增加了变电站抄表终端105台、公用配变监测终端714台这样一个较大规模的系统。
这三大系统的建设，实现了电力销售各个环节的数据采集工作的，极大地促进营销业务在多方面的进步，成为了管理工作不可缺少的信息技术支持。
在这三大系统的建设过程中，开展了旁路替代算法的研究工作，保证了数据的准确性，在现有的条件下有效地解决了旁路替代的识别问题。
采用了建立原始数据库、应用数据库，增加数据转换模块的方法，设计了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统的数据应用体系，成功地建立了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统的数据应用体系。
设计、建设了全公司营销数据采集中心交换网，实现了利用五对频点满足六个供电局负荷管理系统的数传需求，成功解决了供电局主站对用户终端的数据收集和控制管理问题。
重庆大学硕士学位论文
研究制定了自己的负荷控制系统通讯规约，在系统数据传输的效率、系统信
道上的管理、巡测的响应速度、事件的及时性等多方面表现出了极大的优越性。
Electric power load control system, which is also called electric power load manage system, is a complete multi-functional system which integrates disciplines like modem management, application of computer, automatic control and information, and thus electric power business supervision and management, business copy, data collection and network connection can be realized. By effectively managing and controlling of electric load, we can improve load curve and advance using rate of Power Supply equipment, which can prevent from drawing strobe and limiting electricity and avoid affecting social produce and life. The wide application of load control system has become a trend of automatic technology of electivity enterprise, and has important effect on produce and management of the current electric company.
In 1992, the electricity net was seriously short of electricity and it was very frequent to pull and limit strobe, which restrict badly the development of agriculture and industry and affected people's normal life. Therefore, the Economy Committee and Electric Power Bureau decided to set up a project in Science Committee of Chongqing and Power Supply Bureau of Sichuan province for the development of the load control system. And the former energy sources department has accepted Chongqing in the executive scope of load control system, and Chongqing became one of the 35 cities that were required to make electric power load control generally realized.
The Chongqing electric power load system was set up in 1992, and by 1996, a control center composed by NOVELL network, six bi-directional relay transmit stations, 2 unilateral transmit stations and 1260 diversified terminals have been established, which covered areas managed by the former Electric Power Bureau of Chongqing .The System scope of the established electric power system was on the top place among the large and middle cities over the country.
According to the need of situation, Chongqing electric power load system was reconstructed into Chongqing electric power management system. Now, we have set 2820 user collection terminals, which were composed by main center system and four relay stations and seven sub-centers and three secondary sub-centers. And according to demand and the feasibility, the function of system was enlarged into searching table of transformer substation and measure and inspection of public distributed change. And we set up load electric energy of Power Supply Bureau transformer substation and
electricity concentrated collection system of public distributed change. Therefore we added a larger scale system such as 105 transformer substation meter reading terminals and 714 public distributed change inspection system.
These three systems made data collection task of electric power sale on each stage realized and promoted sales in many aspects to a large extent. Thus, the three systems become an indispensable support of information technology management.
In the construction process of the three systems, we developed research of bypass substitute arithmetic to ensure data accuracy, and effectively solved the problem of distinguishing bypass substitution under present conditions.
By means of establishing original DB and App DB, adding data- transition-module, we succeeded in designing and establishing data applied system of load power management system of Power Supply station.
We have designed and established data collection center exchange network of sale of the whole company, and realized transfers demand of which met six Power Supply Bureau load management systems by using five frequency point, and succeeded in solving the problem of data collection and control management that main station of Power Supply Bureau provided user terminals.
Our research has defined our communication role of load control system, which have high performance on the rate of system data transmissions, the management of system channels and response time of test and promptness of events.
1992年，重庆电网缺电情况十分严重，拉闸限电非常频繁，严重制约了工农业发展及对人民正常生活造成严重影响。为此，当时重庆市经委、重庆市电业局决定在重庆市科委、四川省电力局立项，开展负荷控制系统的建设工作，原能源部也将重庆市纳入负荷控制系统的实施范围，重庆市是国家规定1993年要基本实现电力负荷控制到户的35个城市之一。
重庆电力负荷控制系统始建于1992年，到1996年时，已建成了一个由NOVELL网络构成的控制中心、6个双向中继转发站、2个单向转发站、各类型终端1260多台，覆盖原重庆电业局所辖供电区域。系统规模在当时全国各大中城市建立的电力负荷系统中居首位。
根据形势的需要，重庆市电力负荷控制系统改造成重庆电力负荷管理系统。目前共建立了具有主中心系统、四个中继站，七个分中心和三个二级分中心，共有各种用户采集终端2820台。又根据需要及可能，系统在功能方面又扩大到变电站抄表和公用配变的测量和监测上，建立了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统和公用配变电量集中采集系统。因此又增加了变电站抄表终端105台、公用配变监测终端714台这样一个较大规模的系统。
这三大系统的建设，实现了电力销售各个环节的数据采集工作的，极大地促进营销业务在多方面的进步，成为了管理工作不可缺少的信息技术支持。
在这三大系统的建设过程中，开展了旁路替代算法的研究工作，保证了数据的准确性，在现有的条件下有效地解决了旁路替代的识别问题。
采用了建立原始数据库、应用数据库，增加数据转换模块的方法，设计了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统的数据应用体系，成功地建立了供电局变电站负荷电能量管理系统的数据应用体系。
设计、建设了全公司营销数据采集中心交换网，实现了利用五对频点满足六个供电局负荷管理系统的数传需求，成功解决了供电局主站对用户终端的数据收集和控制管理问题。
重庆大学硕士学位论文
研究制定了自己的负荷控制系统通讯规约，在系统数据传输的效率、系统信
道上的管理、巡测的响应速度、事件的及时性等多方面表现出了极大的优越性。
Electric power load control system, which is also called electric power load manage system, is a complete multi-functional system which integrates disciplines like modem management, application of computer, automatic control and information, and thus electric power business supervision and management, business copy, data collection and network connection can be realized. By effectively managing and controlling of electric load, we can improve load curve and advance using rate of Power Supply equipment, which can prevent from drawing strobe and limiting electricity and avoid affecting social produce and life. The wide application of load control system has become a trend of automatic technology of electivity enterprise, and has important effect on produce and management of the current electric company.
In 1992, the electricity net was seriously short of electricity and it was very frequent to pull and limit strobe, which restrict badly the development of agriculture and industry and affected people's normal life. Therefore, the Economy Committee and Electric Power Bureau decided to set up a project in Science Committee of Chongqing and Power Supply Bureau of Sichuan province for the development of the load control system. And the former energy sources department has accepted Chongqing in the executive scope of load control system, and Chongqing became one of the 35 cities that were required to make electric power load control generally realized.
The Chongqing electric power load system was set up in 1992, and by 1996, a control center composed by NOVELL network, six bi-directional relay transmit stations, 2 unilateral transmit stations and 1260 diversified terminals have been established, which covered areas managed by the former Electric Power Bureau of Chongqing .The System scope of the established electric power system was on the top place among the large and middle cities over the country.
According to the need of situation, Chongqing electric power load system was reconstructed into Chongqing electric power management system. Now, we have set 2820 user collection terminals, which were composed by main center system and four relay stations and seven sub-centers and three secondary sub-centers. And according to demand and the feasibility, the function of system was enlarged into searching table of transformer substation and measure and inspection of public distributed change. And we set up load electric energy of Power Supply Bureau transformer substation and
electricity concentrated collection system of public distributed change. Therefore we added a larger scale system such as 105 transformer substation meter reading terminals and 714 public distributed change inspection system.
These three systems made data collection task of electric power sale on each stage realized and promoted sales in many aspects to a large extent. Thus, the three systems become an indispensable support of information technology management.
In the construction process of the three systems, we developed research of bypass substitute arithmetic to ensure data accuracy, and effectively solved the problem of distinguishing bypass substitution under present conditions.
By means of establishing original DB and App DB, adding data- transition-module, we succeeded in designing and establishing data applied system of load power management system of Power Supply station.
We have designed and established data collection center exchange network of sale of the whole company, and realized transfers demand of which met six Power Supply Bureau load management systems by using five frequency point, and succeeded in solving the problem of data collection and control management that main station of Power Supply Bureau provided user terminals.
Our research has defined our communication role of load control system, which have high performance on the rate of system data transmissions, the management of system channels and response time of test and promptness of events.
引文
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[3] 邓齐彬．负荷控制产品质量现状的改进途径[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，65-67．
[4] 电力部电力设备及仪表质检中心负控监测站．对无线电力负荷控制终端技术条件和检测方法的几点改进意见[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，67-70．
[5] 邓齐彬．关于终端可靠性考核问题[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，157-159．
[6] 重庆电业局．电力负荷控制系统实用化情况汇报[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，29-31．
[7] 重庆电业局．负荷控制设备运行管理[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，122-125．
[8] 王相勤．电力营销管理手册[M]．中国电力出版社，2001．
[9] 中国电力企业家协会供电分会．电力负荷控制(高级工)[M]．中国电力出版社，1999．
[10] 杨志容，劳德荣．需求方管理(DSM)及其应用[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1999．
[11] Mark,Amold,Jeff Almeida.APACHE系统管理指南[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[12] Patrick Chan,Rosanna Lee.Java类库手册[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1997．
[13] Maurat Fahrioglu, Femando L Alvarado.Designing incentive compatible contracts for effective demand management [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2000,15(4):255-1260.
[14] Maurat Fahrioglu, Femando L Alvarado.Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2000,16(2):317-322.
[15] 曾鸣．电力需求侧管理[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2000．
[16] 吴安官，倪宝珊．电力系统线损[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1996．
[17] 吴大器．现代电力企业创新[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．
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[19] 徐任武．技术移荷：DSM工作的当务之急[J]．电力需求侧管理，2001，(1)：20-22．
[20] 国家经济贸易委员会，国家发展计划委员会．节约用电管理办法[J]．电力需求侧管理，2001，(1)：10-12．
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自动化，2000，(19)：17-20．
[22] E.G.Cazalet,R.D.Samuelson,邹精，等．电子商务在电力批发市场中的应用[J]．电力系统自动化，2000，(19)：8-10．
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[2] 邓齐彬．关于《电力负荷控制系统实用化验收办法》中继项考核内容的形成过程[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，21-24．
[3] 邓齐彬．负荷控制产品质量现状的改进途径[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，65-67．
[4] 电力部电力设备及仪表质检中心负控监测站．对无线电力负荷控制终端技术条件和检测方法的几点改进意见[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，67-70．
[5] 邓齐彬．关于终端可靠性考核问题[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，157-159．
[6] 重庆电业局．电力负荷控制系统实用化情况汇报[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，29-31．
[7] 重庆电业局．负荷控制设备运行管理[M]．全国电力负荷控制技术推广应用研究会文件汇编(1996-1997年度)，1998，122-125．
[8] 王相勤．电力营销管理手册[M]．中国电力出版社，2001．
[9] 中国电力企业家协会供电分会．电力负荷控制(高级工)[M]．中国电力出版社，1999．
[10] 杨志容，劳德荣．需求方管理(DSM)及其应用[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1999．
[11] Mark,Amold,Jeff Almeida.APACHE系统管理指南[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．
[12] Patrick Chan,Rosanna Lee.Java类库手册[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1997．
[13] Maurat Fahrioglu, Femando L Alvarado.Designing incentive compatible contracts for effective demand management [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2000,15(4):255-1260.
[14] Maurat Fahrioglu, Femando L Alvarado.Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models [J].IEEE Transactions on Power System,2000,16(2):317-322.
[15] 曾鸣．电力需求侧管理[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2000．
[16] 吴安官，倪宝珊．电力系统线损[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，1996．
[17] 吴大器．现代电力企业创新[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．
[18] 劳德荣．发电侧如何促进需求侧管理[J]．电力需求侧管理，2000，(6)：20-22．
[19] 徐任武．技术移荷：DSM工作的当务之急[J]．电力需求侧管理，2001，(1)：20-22．
[20] 国家经济贸易委员会，国家发展计划委员会．节约用电管理办法[J]．电力需求侧管理，2001，(1)：10-12．
[21] 尚金成，黄永皓，何南强，等．省级电力市场运营模式及其技术支持系统探讨[J]．电力系统
自动化，2000，(19)：17-20．
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