面向大批量定制的企业定制能力评价及定制诊断研究
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摘要
随着科学技术、社会经济的飞速发展,制造业中出现了明显的服务化趋势。大批量定制也从一种单纯的生产方式演变为个性化极强的制造服务形式。定制能力是大批量定制生产方式下个性化服务的基础,但目前的研究多数聚焦于大批量定制的具体操作和实现上,缺乏对大批量定制能力的评价以及大批量定制诊断的深入研究。本文在对大批量定制的研究进行总结归纳的基础上,面向企业生产实际,从整体的角度对企业大批量定制能力评价和定制诊断问题进行了有益的探索,具体研究内容和结论主要包括以下三个方面:
1.适合大批量定制的产品变型能力研究
通过分析机电产品的功能、结构及机电产品模块化特征,结合客户需求因素,建立了产品变型能力的评价指标,提出了产品定制度的概念和计算方法,用来评价和估量产品及企业产品族系列的变型能力,同时建立了产品的定制能力分析模型。在理论研究的基础上,对实例产品进行了产品变型能力应用研究,分析比较了自行车、鼓风机产品的变型能力。
2.面向大批量定制的企业定制能力评价研究
(1)在总结目前学者对大批量定制研究成果的基础上,通过分析具体定制案例,总结企业实施大批量定制生产的过程、特点以及影响企业大批量定制能力的关键因素,结合企业生产的各项技术,构建企业大批量定制能力系统结构,并构建了企业大批量定制能力优化分析模型。
(2)运用文献分析法、专家打分法、相关性分析法等方法从开发设计、管理协同、生产制造三方面建立了企业大批量定制能力综合评价指标体系。
(3)研究了大批量定制能力的评价方法,提出了一种基于层次分析法的三级模糊综合评价法,作为前种方法的参照,又提出用灰色关联度评价法对企业定制能力作评价。引入企业的实际案例,对这两种方法进行了应用。两种方法的结果是一致的,且符合企业实际情况。
3.面向大批量定制的企业定制诊断研究
基于对企业定制能力评价指标体系的探索,进一步研究了企业大批量定制的诊断问题,对企业定制诊断的概念进行了界定,提出了大批量定制诊断的思路和过程。根据定制系统的特性和诊断的目的要求,建立了基于模糊数学理论和覆盖集技术的企业多层次定制诊断模型。结合定制诊断模型的实例应用,对照企业定制能力评价和产品变型能力指标体系,分析诊断企业实施大批量定制出现的问题,寻找企业定制问题的根源并提出改进措施。
本文采用理论探索结合实际案例的研究方法,对企业大批量定制的能力评价和定制诊断问题进行了有益探索,对提高企业运用大批量定制生产模式的运作效率,加强对客户的多样化、个性化需求反应的灵活性、及时性和有效性,减少决策失误,从而提高企业的大批量定制能力,增强企业的市场竞争能力,提供可资借鉴和参考的理论和方法。
With the rapid development of society, economy, science and technology, a trend of service-preferred is visible in manufacturing industry. Mass Customization (MC) is evolved from a simple manufacturing approach to a service-embedded manufacturing mode with intensified individualities. At present,however, most research focus on idiographic operation and actualization of MC, seldom scan the customization ability evaluation and customization diagnosis of corporation thoroughly. On basis of general analysis currently researches about MC and face to the industrial practice, this paper presents useful study and exploration on evaluation of customization ability and customization diagnosis of mass customization from the holistic point of view. The main research content and achievements are three aspects as follows:
1. Transmutation ability of product for MC
In this thesis, function, configuration, modularization characteristics of mechanism and electron products are discussed systematically, combine factors of customer needs, evaluation indexes of product transmutation ability are established, therefore, the thesis raise concepts and calculating methods of product customization degree to evaluate enterprise product and product family transmutation ability, moreover, customizability analysis model for MC products is established. The transmutation ability is testified in some products such as bicycles and fans.
2. Enterprise customization ability evaluation for MC
(1) Based on the summing up and analysis of research and application for MC at present, and through analyzing the case of idiographic customization process,traits of implementing MC manufacture and pivotal factors of affecting MC ability are summarized. Combined with various technologies of corporation manufacture, system framework and optimize-analysis model of corporation MC ability are built.
(2) Applying with literature analytical method, expert marking method, relativity analytical method, a three-level synthesis evaluate index system of corporation MC ability is built in the perspectives of design technology, management synergy technology and manufacture technology.
(3) The methods of the MC ability evaluation are discussed. Based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP), a three-lever fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. As comparison and reference to the former method, a gray association comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate corporation MC ability. Therefore a corporation case study is presented to apply the two kinds of methods. The applications are consilient each other and consistent with the known facts.
3. Enterprise customization diagnosis for MC
In the basis of former synthesis evaluate index system of corporation MC ability, enterprise customization diagnosis issues for MC is studied, conception about customization diagnosis is confirmed, and basal thought and process on customization diagnosis for MC are presented. According to characteristics of customization system and the intention of diagnostic, this paper build a multi-layer corporation customization diagnosis model based on fuzzy mathematics theory and set-covering technology. Applied in some specific cases, combined with synthesis evaluate indexes of corporation MC ability and evaluation indexes of product transmutation ability, this model is practiced in searching causalities about enterprise customization issues and putting forward amelioration methods.
In conclusion, based on the methodology of theoretical research integrated with practical case study, this thesis explored the methods of MC ability evaluation and MC diagnosis, offered useful thoughts and tools in implementing MC for corporations. It can effectively enhance corporations’efficiency, meet clients’diversified and individual demands, reduce corporations’decision-making inaccuracy, consequentially increase corporation MC ability and enhance its competition ability.
1.适合大批量定制的产品变型能力研究
通过分析机电产品的功能、结构及机电产品模块化特征,结合客户需求因素,建立了产品变型能力的评价指标,提出了产品定制度的概念和计算方法,用来评价和估量产品及企业产品族系列的变型能力,同时建立了产品的定制能力分析模型。在理论研究的基础上,对实例产品进行了产品变型能力应用研究,分析比较了自行车、鼓风机产品的变型能力。
2.面向大批量定制的企业定制能力评价研究
(1)在总结目前学者对大批量定制研究成果的基础上,通过分析具体定制案例,总结企业实施大批量定制生产的过程、特点以及影响企业大批量定制能力的关键因素,结合企业生产的各项技术,构建企业大批量定制能力系统结构,并构建了企业大批量定制能力优化分析模型。
(2)运用文献分析法、专家打分法、相关性分析法等方法从开发设计、管理协同、生产制造三方面建立了企业大批量定制能力综合评价指标体系。
(3)研究了大批量定制能力的评价方法,提出了一种基于层次分析法的三级模糊综合评价法,作为前种方法的参照,又提出用灰色关联度评价法对企业定制能力作评价。引入企业的实际案例,对这两种方法进行了应用。两种方法的结果是一致的,且符合企业实际情况。
3.面向大批量定制的企业定制诊断研究
基于对企业定制能力评价指标体系的探索,进一步研究了企业大批量定制的诊断问题,对企业定制诊断的概念进行了界定,提出了大批量定制诊断的思路和过程。根据定制系统的特性和诊断的目的要求,建立了基于模糊数学理论和覆盖集技术的企业多层次定制诊断模型。结合定制诊断模型的实例应用,对照企业定制能力评价和产品变型能力指标体系,分析诊断企业实施大批量定制出现的问题,寻找企业定制问题的根源并提出改进措施。
本文采用理论探索结合实际案例的研究方法,对企业大批量定制的能力评价和定制诊断问题进行了有益探索,对提高企业运用大批量定制生产模式的运作效率,加强对客户的多样化、个性化需求反应的灵活性、及时性和有效性,减少决策失误,从而提高企业的大批量定制能力,增强企业的市场竞争能力,提供可资借鉴和参考的理论和方法。
With the rapid development of society, economy, science and technology, a trend of service-preferred is visible in manufacturing industry. Mass Customization (MC) is evolved from a simple manufacturing approach to a service-embedded manufacturing mode with intensified individualities. At present,however, most research focus on idiographic operation and actualization of MC, seldom scan the customization ability evaluation and customization diagnosis of corporation thoroughly. On basis of general analysis currently researches about MC and face to the industrial practice, this paper presents useful study and exploration on evaluation of customization ability and customization diagnosis of mass customization from the holistic point of view. The main research content and achievements are three aspects as follows:
1. Transmutation ability of product for MC
In this thesis, function, configuration, modularization characteristics of mechanism and electron products are discussed systematically, combine factors of customer needs, evaluation indexes of product transmutation ability are established, therefore, the thesis raise concepts and calculating methods of product customization degree to evaluate enterprise product and product family transmutation ability, moreover, customizability analysis model for MC products is established. The transmutation ability is testified in some products such as bicycles and fans.
2. Enterprise customization ability evaluation for MC
(1) Based on the summing up and analysis of research and application for MC at present, and through analyzing the case of idiographic customization process,traits of implementing MC manufacture and pivotal factors of affecting MC ability are summarized. Combined with various technologies of corporation manufacture, system framework and optimize-analysis model of corporation MC ability are built.
(2) Applying with literature analytical method, expert marking method, relativity analytical method, a three-level synthesis evaluate index system of corporation MC ability is built in the perspectives of design technology, management synergy technology and manufacture technology.
(3) The methods of the MC ability evaluation are discussed. Based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP), a three-lever fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. As comparison and reference to the former method, a gray association comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate corporation MC ability. Therefore a corporation case study is presented to apply the two kinds of methods. The applications are consilient each other and consistent with the known facts.
3. Enterprise customization diagnosis for MC
In the basis of former synthesis evaluate index system of corporation MC ability, enterprise customization diagnosis issues for MC is studied, conception about customization diagnosis is confirmed, and basal thought and process on customization diagnosis for MC are presented. According to characteristics of customization system and the intention of diagnostic, this paper build a multi-layer corporation customization diagnosis model based on fuzzy mathematics theory and set-covering technology. Applied in some specific cases, combined with synthesis evaluate indexes of corporation MC ability and evaluation indexes of product transmutation ability, this model is practiced in searching causalities about enterprise customization issues and putting forward amelioration methods.
In conclusion, based on the methodology of theoretical research integrated with practical case study, this thesis explored the methods of MC ability evaluation and MC diagnosis, offered useful thoughts and tools in implementing MC for corporations. It can effectively enhance corporations’efficiency, meet clients’diversified and individual demands, reduce corporations’decision-making inaccuracy, consequentially increase corporation MC ability and enhance its competition ability.
引文
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