重型商用车人机工程设计方法与应用研究
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摘要
重型商用车是汽车工业产品型谱中的重要组成部分,在我国国民经济建设和社会发展中发挥着巨大的作用。近年来随着我国国民经济的快速发展、高等级公路的大量修建以及物流业的迅速发展,我国重型商用车发展迅速。国内重型商用车企业虽然具有一定的自主研发和科技创新能力,但在重型商用车人机工程设计开发方面与国外相比还有一定的差距。运用人机工程学原理对重型商用车驾驶室进行科学合理的设计,改善驾驶员工作环境,对于提高重型商用车主动安全性,保证驾驶员行车安全和身体健康具有重要意义。
本文结合所承担的“十一五”国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目“重型汽车集成开发先进技术(2006AA110105)”,对重型商用车人机工程设计与评价方法和关键技术进行了深入、系统研究,论文完成的主要研究工作如下：
对重型商用车驾驶室人机工程学设计的主要内容和过程,以及采用的统计学方法进行了研究总结,建立了重型商用车人机工程设计方法。
研究了根据人体测量学数据建立用于重型商用车人机工程设计和分析数字人体模型的关键技术,包括人体测量学参数描述、运动学和动力学建模、人体肢体运动驱动和姿势求解的正向和反向运动学问题、几何建模和外观可视化、性能建模等,建立了三维数字化人体模型,开发了具有自主知识产权的重型商用车人机工程设计评价系统(SHOVED)。
利用该系统对某重型商用车驾驶室座椅H点位置、前后方视野、A柱盲区、仪表视野和平均观测距离、手伸及性,踏板舒适性,操纵方便性、风窗刮扫面积和上下车方便性等人机性能进行了设计、分析与评价。结果表明,该车型的人机性能满足国内外标准要求,并给出了进一步改善驾驶室人机性能的建议。
提出了一种改进的人体姿势舒适度评价方法,即采用人体肌肉负荷作为姿势舒适性的客观量度,而肌肉负荷从宏观上根据关节载荷计算；通过仿真分析获得姿势空间内姿势舒适性的分布；对姿势舒适性分布数据进行统计分析,建立姿势舒适性评价模型。本文的姿势舒适度模型在所研究重型商用车H点布置方案的优化中进行了初步应用,取得了良好的效果。
用语义细分法对驾驶室的视野、内部空间、手伸及性、乘坐与操纵舒适性进行了主观评价。结果表明,所研究车型的人机工程设计方案比较合理,但仍存在一定的人机性能方面的提升空间。
本文的研究工作为提高重型商用车产品的人机性能,提升企业科技创新和开发设计水平具有积极的促进作用。
Heavy-duty commercial vehicle is an important part in automobile product catalog, and plays an important role in our national economical construction and social development. In recent years, with rapid development of the Chinese national economy, extensive construction of highway, and development of logistics industry, Heavy-duty truck industry develops rapidly in China. Although domestic commercial vehicle enterprises have the abilities of self-R&D and science and technology innovation, but domestic commercial vehicle enterprises lag behind oversea automobile companies in ergonomic design. From the point of view of vehicle design, the most direct way to improve the active safety of vehicle and working environment of drivers so as to promote the drivers'safety and health, is to design the cab scientifically by using the ergonomic theories.
Based on national '863' high-tech development project "Advanced Technology of Integration and Development for Heavy-duty Trucke" (No.2206AA110105), The profound and systematic research works are carried out in this dissertation focusing mainly on the key techniques of Heavy-duty commercial vehicle cab ergonomic design and evaluation method. The major research contents are finished as follows:
A summation is conducted for the ergonomic design contents, processes and statistical method of commercial vehicle cab. A ergonomic design method for heavy-duty truck is established.
In this dissertation, key techniques of modeling of digital human used for Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and analysis are studied, including anthropometry parameters description, kinematics and dynamics modeling, direct and reverse kinematics for limbs driving and posture calculation, geometric modeling and visualization, performance modeling, etc. A 3D digital human model is built up. By integrating these functions, together with vehicle modeling and ergonomic analysis features, a Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and evaluation system SHOVED(System for Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Ergonomic Design) is developed
By using SHOVED, cab concept can be constructed based on the cab parameters inputted, test samples of target population for ergonomic analysis can be generated, comfort of upper and lower extremities can be evaluated considering steering, shift and pedal operations, front and back vision field, A-pillar dead ground, dashboard vision field and mean observation distance, windshield sweep area, and convenience for up-and down truck can be analyzed and evaluated. Results show that ergonomic performance of target vehicle satisfied domestic and SAE standard requirements. A few suggestions are proposed for improving ergonomic performance of the cab further.
An improved evaluation method of human body posture comfort is proposed. Human body muscle load is used for objective measurement, and muscle load is calculated according to joint load from macroscopic view. Posture comfort distribution within posture space is obtained by simulation analysis. After statistical analysis is made from posture comfort distribution data, an evaluation model of posture comfort is set up. The about evaluation model of posture comfort is put into practice used for match of point H of heavy-duty truck. A better effect is acquired.
A subjective evaluation is conducted by semantic subdivision method to vision field of the cab, interior space, hand contact quality, and driver's manipulation comfort. Results indicate that the ergonomic design scheme of the cab is reasonable, but there is a possibility to made further refinement.
The research works in this dissertation will produce an active effect on improving heavy-duty truck product's ergonomic performance and enterprise's technology innovation, design and R&D ability.
本文结合所承担的“十一五”国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目“重型汽车集成开发先进技术(2006AA110105)”,对重型商用车人机工程设计与评价方法和关键技术进行了深入、系统研究,论文完成的主要研究工作如下：
对重型商用车驾驶室人机工程学设计的主要内容和过程,以及采用的统计学方法进行了研究总结,建立了重型商用车人机工程设计方法。
研究了根据人体测量学数据建立用于重型商用车人机工程设计和分析数字人体模型的关键技术,包括人体测量学参数描述、运动学和动力学建模、人体肢体运动驱动和姿势求解的正向和反向运动学问题、几何建模和外观可视化、性能建模等,建立了三维数字化人体模型,开发了具有自主知识产权的重型商用车人机工程设计评价系统(SHOVED)。
利用该系统对某重型商用车驾驶室座椅H点位置、前后方视野、A柱盲区、仪表视野和平均观测距离、手伸及性,踏板舒适性,操纵方便性、风窗刮扫面积和上下车方便性等人机性能进行了设计、分析与评价。结果表明,该车型的人机性能满足国内外标准要求,并给出了进一步改善驾驶室人机性能的建议。
提出了一种改进的人体姿势舒适度评价方法,即采用人体肌肉负荷作为姿势舒适性的客观量度,而肌肉负荷从宏观上根据关节载荷计算；通过仿真分析获得姿势空间内姿势舒适性的分布；对姿势舒适性分布数据进行统计分析,建立姿势舒适性评价模型。本文的姿势舒适度模型在所研究重型商用车H点布置方案的优化中进行了初步应用,取得了良好的效果。
用语义细分法对驾驶室的视野、内部空间、手伸及性、乘坐与操纵舒适性进行了主观评价。结果表明,所研究车型的人机工程设计方案比较合理,但仍存在一定的人机性能方面的提升空间。
本文的研究工作为提高重型商用车产品的人机性能,提升企业科技创新和开发设计水平具有积极的促进作用。
Heavy-duty commercial vehicle is an important part in automobile product catalog, and plays an important role in our national economical construction and social development. In recent years, with rapid development of the Chinese national economy, extensive construction of highway, and development of logistics industry, Heavy-duty truck industry develops rapidly in China. Although domestic commercial vehicle enterprises have the abilities of self-R&D and science and technology innovation, but domestic commercial vehicle enterprises lag behind oversea automobile companies in ergonomic design. From the point of view of vehicle design, the most direct way to improve the active safety of vehicle and working environment of drivers so as to promote the drivers'safety and health, is to design the cab scientifically by using the ergonomic theories.
Based on national '863' high-tech development project "Advanced Technology of Integration and Development for Heavy-duty Trucke" (No.2206AA110105), The profound and systematic research works are carried out in this dissertation focusing mainly on the key techniques of Heavy-duty commercial vehicle cab ergonomic design and evaluation method. The major research contents are finished as follows:
A summation is conducted for the ergonomic design contents, processes and statistical method of commercial vehicle cab. A ergonomic design method for heavy-duty truck is established.
In this dissertation, key techniques of modeling of digital human used for Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and analysis are studied, including anthropometry parameters description, kinematics and dynamics modeling, direct and reverse kinematics for limbs driving and posture calculation, geometric modeling and visualization, performance modeling, etc. A 3D digital human model is built up. By integrating these functions, together with vehicle modeling and ergonomic analysis features, a Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and evaluation system SHOVED(System for Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Ergonomic Design) is developed
By using SHOVED, cab concept can be constructed based on the cab parameters inputted, test samples of target population for ergonomic analysis can be generated, comfort of upper and lower extremities can be evaluated considering steering, shift and pedal operations, front and back vision field, A-pillar dead ground, dashboard vision field and mean observation distance, windshield sweep area, and convenience for up-and down truck can be analyzed and evaluated. Results show that ergonomic performance of target vehicle satisfied domestic and SAE standard requirements. A few suggestions are proposed for improving ergonomic performance of the cab further.
An improved evaluation method of human body posture comfort is proposed. Human body muscle load is used for objective measurement, and muscle load is calculated according to joint load from macroscopic view. Posture comfort distribution within posture space is obtained by simulation analysis. After statistical analysis is made from posture comfort distribution data, an evaluation model of posture comfort is set up. The about evaluation model of posture comfort is put into practice used for match of point H of heavy-duty truck. A better effect is acquired.
A subjective evaluation is conducted by semantic subdivision method to vision field of the cab, interior space, hand contact quality, and driver's manipulation comfort. Results indicate that the ergonomic design scheme of the cab is reasonable, but there is a possibility to made further refinement.
The research works in this dissertation will produce an active effect on improving heavy-duty truck product's ergonomic performance and enterprise's technology innovation, design and R&D ability.
引文
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