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矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型机制研究
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摘要
矿产资源是人类生产及生活原料的重要来源,是维系人类生存、推动经济发展和社会进步的物化基础,但是矿区具有明显的资源依赖特性,导致矿区将陷入资源匮乏危机;单一、脆弱的产业结构特征,进一步制约矿区发展;偏超重型化产业结构,引起一系列的环境问题。本文认为:在资源鼎盛期率先打造产业接替的基础条件,是避免陷入资源枯竭后再进行产业转型困境的有效措施。因此,研究矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型机制,具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。
     本文以平朔矿区为研究对象,以恢复生态学、产业结构、循环经济、企业社会责任、可持续发展及生态文明为理论基础,采用文献资料分析、比较研究、系统科学研究、定性分析与定量分析、规范分析与实证分析等方法,对矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型机制进行研究,结果如下:
     (1)矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型机制是基于生态学机理上的对矿区土地生态经济系统功能与结构调节的过程。在矿区资源鼎盛期进行复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型实践,即实施循环经济是解决矿区传统经济发展方式与生态环境之间尖锐矛盾的有效途径。
     (2)在分析传统矿区复垦土地利用模式和产业结构特征与演进规律的基础上,分析了矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型系统机理和基本问题,提出了矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型的目标导向机制、规划管制机制、政策调控机制和支撑保障机制。
     (3)结合平朔矿区20余年的土地复垦与复垦土地再利用实践,对该区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型机制进行了系统的研究与验证。包括平朔矿区采用的多方合作目标导向机制,矿区工业--生态产业链结构设计的规划管制机制,以露天采矿矿业用地改革为突破口的政策调控机制,以及为保证矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型的发展,提出的技术、人才、组织和管理等支撑保障机制。
     本论文的创新之处:一是从矿区可持续发展的视角考虑,提出应在资源鼎盛期构建复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型发展模式,以规避资源枯竭后再进行转型的世界性难题;二是从国情(大力推进生态文明建设)、省情(资源型经济转型综合配套改革试验区)、矿情(晋北亿吨煤炭基地)出发,提出矿区废弃地复垦和生态重建是实现矿区产业转型的重要资源和必要条件;三是提出了矿区应巩固发展第一产业、改造升华第二产业、培育提携第三产业的土地可持续利用与产业转型机制的战略构想;最后提出并实施了平朔矿区复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型的露天采矿用地改革模式、工业--生态产业链的结构设计,即“黑色工业产业链”和“绿色产业链”的循环,使复垦土地可持续利用与产业转型进行了有效对接。
Mineral resources are the important source of raw materials in human productionand life. They are the physical and chemical basis of sustaining human life andpromoting economic development and social progress. Mining area has obviouscharacteristics of resource dependence, which will make the mining area get into thecrisis of resources shortage. The single and fragile characteristics of industrialindustrialization structure further restrict the development of the mining area. And theextra-heavy industrializationindustrial structure causes a series of environmentalproblems. This paper holds that: To create the basic condition of the replace industryfor industry in resource peak period, is the effective measures for the mining area toavoid falling into the dilemma of transformation of the reentry after resourcesexhaustion.Thus, the issue of the mechanism of reclaimed land sustainable use andindustrial reformation in the mining area has the important academic value andpractical significance.
     Selecting Pingshuo mining area as a case of study, which is based on the theoryof restoration ecology, industrial structure, circular economy, corporate socialresponsibility, sustainable development and ecological civilization, and taking themethods of literature analysis, comparative study, systematically scientific research,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative analysis and empiricalanalysis, study the mechanism of reclaimed land sustainable use and industrialreformation in the mining area, and the conclusions are drawn as follows:
     (1)Mechanism of reclaimed land sustainable use and industrial reformation inthe mining area is the adjusting process of the function and structure of the ecologicaland economic system based on ecology in the mining area. To put the reclaimed landsustainable use and industrial reformation into practice, namely the implementation ofthe circular economy during the mine resources peak period, it is an effective way tosolve the sharp contradiction between traditional mode of economic development andecological environment in mining area.
     (2)On the study of the traditional mode of the reclaimed mining land and theindustrial structure characteristics and evolution law, analyze the systematicmechanism and the basic problems of the reclaimed land sustainable use andindustrial reformation, propose the goal orientation mechanism, planning controlmechanism, policy regulation and control mechanism and support-guaranteemechanism of the reclaimed land sustainable use and industry.
     (3)Learning from the experience of the land reclamation and reuse of thereclaimed land during the past more than20years, study and verify the mechanism ofreclaimed land sustainable use and industrial reformation systematically, whichincludes the multi-party cooperation leading mechanism used by Pingshuo mining area, planning and designing mechanism of mining industry-ecological industrychain structure, policy regulation and control mechanism, of which the breakthroughis mining land reform of open pit mining, and safeguard mechanism of the technology,talented person, organization and management, which is to ensure the sustainableutilization of the reclaimed land and the development of the industry transformation.
     The innovations in this paper: Firstly, from the sustainable development point ofview, put forward that the mode of the reclaimed land sustainable use and industrialreformation should be constructed in resource peak period of the mining area;Secondly, taking the consideration of the national conditions(strict institution ofprotecting arable land), the provincial conditions(to vigorously push forward theconstruction of ecological civilization)and the mining area conditions(millions tons ofcoal base in the north of Shanxi),propose that reclamation and ecologicalreconstruction of the wasteland of the mining is the important resource andrequirement; Thirdly, put forward the strategic idea of consolidating and developingthe primary industry, transforming and subliming the secondary industry, cultivatingthe third industry of the reclaimed land sustainable use and industrial reformationmechanism;the last,propose and implement the reform mode of land use in the openpit and the structure of the industrial-ecology chain of reclaimed land sustainable useand industrial reformation in Pingshuo mining area, namely, the cycle of the “blackindustry chain” and “green ecological industrial chain”, which joins the reclaimedland sustainable use with the industrial reformation.
引文
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