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鱼雷总体综合设计理论与方法研究
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摘要
论文的选题来源于“十五”国防重点预研课题“鱼雷总体设计理论和方法研究”,本文的研究工作是其中的重要组成部分。
     本文针对鱼雷总体设计中目前存在的两个突出技术难题:
     (1)缺乏能够全面反映鱼雷总体设计性能的指标
     (2)对鱼雷总体设计中各部分组成、各学科间的耦合关系,没有合适的分析和求解方法
     在原鱼雷总体设计理论和方法的基础上,引进了作战效能、寿命周期费用、风险和研制周期的概念,来全面反映鱼雷设计的性能、经济性、风险性和时间性等指标;在优化设计中,采用多学科设计优化方法作为优化算法,构建了一种新的鱼雷总体综合设计方法。
     本文的主要研究内容和成果如下:
     (1)运用WSEIAC模型,结合鱼雷武器系统的作战过程和武器系统组成的具体实际,给出了鱼雷武器系统作战效能的数学模型,构造了作战效能分析的指标体系,并对各个作战效能指标进行了详细的分析和讨论,给出了相应的分析和研究方法;综合应用模糊数学和灰色理论,提出了两种用于作战效能评判的灰色模糊综合评判方法;为了考虑作战过程中的不确定因素,设计了一种作战效能的仿真方法。
     (2)从总体设计的角度出发,给出了包括外形设计、结构设计、动力系统设计、制导系统设计、战斗部设计、总体布置设计、弹道设计、声学设计、可靠性设计和兼容性设计的模型和研究方法;根据学科间的耦合关系和总体设计过程,构造了鱼雷总体设计的框架;为全面分析、合理规划鱼雷设计中各学科的性能和贡献,对一体化设计方法也作了一定的研究。
     (3)在鱼雷武器系统作战效能和鱼雷总体设计中各学科设计的研究基础上,将作战效能作为优化的目标引入到鱼雷总体设计的模型中来,给出了基于作战效能的鱼雷总体综合设计模型与方法;为全面反映鱼雷设计的经济性、风险性和时间性,又引进了寿命周期费用、风险和研制周期的概念,各自都作了相应的研究,给出了基于效费比的鱼雷总体综合设计方法,和基于四维指标的鱼雷总体综合设计方法。
     (4)详细地论述了多学科设计优化的模型、常用方法、算法实现、关键技术,及其工程应用;将多学科设计优化方法应用到鱼雷总体综合设计中,研究了基于作战效能和基于四维指标的鱼雷总体综合设计的多学科划分方法;给出了使用多学科可行性法、单学科可行性法和协调优化法建立的三种数学模型;对其软件框架也作了相应的研究,给出了功能模块的划分和类的设计,并设计了一个初步的软件。
     本文提出的设计方法可以有效地解决鱼雷设计中某些部分的性能先进,但系统表现上却并不突出的问题,并且给出了衡量设计方案优劣的统一标准。
The study of this paper comes from the national defense research project "The Study of The Theories and Application of Torpedo Conceptual Design".
    In order to solve two difficulties in the present conceptual design of torpedo, this paper introduces many new ideas into the original theories, and gives a new synthetic conceptual design theory for torpedo. One of the difficulties is that we have no a index which can represent various performances of torpedo, the other is that the coupling relationships among various subsystems and disciplines are ignored in the design process. The new ideas involve the study about operational effectiveness, life circle cost, risk and research schedule, which can be used together to evaluate a design project. And multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), a new theory about complex engineering system design, is chosen as the optimization method for such a large engineering system.
    The main points in this paper are as follows:
    (1) Based on the system effectiveness model from WSEIAC, this paper studies the corresponding factors of torpedo weapon system, and gives both its model and analysis architecture. Every effectiveness index is studied and given corresponding ways of analysis. To get a evaluating index of operational effectiveness, this paper gives two evaluation methods based on the fuzzy and gray theories. In order to deal with many stochastic factors in the operation process, a simulating schedule is also taken as a useful tool for operational effectiveness research.
    (2) Form the points of conceptual design, this paper gives the models of every subsystem and discipline in torpedo design, and constructs a conceptual design architecture based on the coupling relationships among various disciplines and design process. At last, the integrated design approach is also studied.
    (3) In the new theory of synthetic conceptual design of torpedo, this paper takes operational effectiveness as the object function in the optimization model. Models and analysis methods are given for the synthetic conceptual design of torpedo based on the operational effectiveness. In order to involve economic index in the study, this paper introduces life circle cost into the synthetic conceptual design, and gives a model of design based on the ratio of cost and effectiveness. At last, research schedule and risk are also introduced into the synthetic conceptual design, and the optimization model according to the above four indexes is studied.
    (4) This paper adopts MDO as the design method in the synthetic conceptual design torpedo. In order to study MDO, this paper discuss its terminologies, some commonly used approaches, the ways of implementation and some key technologies. From the engineering point, this paper gives the ways of multidisciplinary analysis, and three models for synthetic conceptual design of torpedo by using MDF, IDF and CO. To develop a software, this paper designs a software architecture, function models and classes. At last, a simple software program is given as an example.
    The studies in this paper can solve the problems that some subsystems have excellent performances, while a torpedo as a whole does not work perfectly, and gives a integrated evaluating index.
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