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地裂缝环境下地铁隧道—围岩相互作用研究
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摘要
西安作为国际化大都市,发展城市轨道交通已迫在眉睫。然而,西安市区存在的大量地裂缝,为城市交通建设带来了前所未有的难题。本论文以西安地裂缝灾害为工程地质背景,选择在建的西安地铁项目为主要研究对象,在土—结构相互作用理论的基础上,将理论分析与试验研究相结合,建立了西安地裂缝典型剖面活动力学分析模式,构建出地铁隧道的界面脱空力学计算模型,分析了地裂缝活动期间地铁区间隧道底部出现脱空时隧道结构的力学效应。主要研究工作与成果如下:
     (1)在穿越地裂缝地铁隧道模型试验研究的基础上,阐明了地裂缝活动引起的隧道底部脱空对隧道应力-应变的影响规律,认为当隧道穿越地裂缝时,位于上盘的隧道底部必然产生脱空,并对隧道结构的受力状态产生根本性影响;
     (2)通过对隧道底部脱空规律的分析,建立了地裂缝活动时考虑隧道底部脱空的纵向应力计算模型及公式;
     (3)针对西安地铁线路斜交跨越地裂缝带的情况,建立了考虑扭转作用时脱空状态下的隧道横截面应力计算模型;
     (4)在分段隧道穿越地裂缝的试验研究基础上,确定了考虑隧道结构刚度及强度条件的隧道跨地裂缝时的合理分段长度。
     本论文在已有研究成果的基础上,对一直以来难以解决的地下结构底部的脱空问题进行深入探讨,其研究方法和思路对跨越地裂缝带的地下工程的防灾减灾研究和工程设计具有广泛的应用价值。
     论文的研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目(40772183)的资助。
Xi’an, as the international metropolis in the world, the development of urban masstransit is imminent. However, Xi’an unique geological structure, a lot of ground fissures, hasbrought an unprecedented difficult problem for city construction. In this dissertation, takingground fissures in Xi’an as the engineering geology background, using the metro underconstruction in Xi’an as the main research object, based on the interaction theory betweensoil and structure, combining the theoretical analysis with experiments, mechanics analysismodel in the activities of the typical section of Xi’an ground fissure is established;computational mechanics model of gap at interface of subway tunnels is also constructed, andmechanics effects of the surrounding rocks around the gap at the bottom of tunnel in theinfluence of ground fissures activity are analyzed. The main research and results are asfollows:
     (1)On the basis of model test on subway tunnel crossing ground fissure, stress-straininfluencing rules of gap at the bottom of subway tunnel caused by the activities of groundfissure are expounded. The result is that when the tunnel crosses ground fissure, gap at thebottom of tunnel located on the hanging wall will be appeared inevitably and has afundamental impact to the stress of tunnel structure.
     (2)Through analyzing the rules of gap, computational model of longitudinal stress on thegap at interface of subway tunnels and their formula are constructed under the influence ofactive ground fissures.
     (3)For subway tunnel crossing ground fissures in various oblique angles, inconsideration of torsion action, stress calculation model of tunnel cross section under the stateof gap is established.
     (4)Base on the experimental study of subsection tunnel, in consideration of stiffness andstrength of tunnel structure, the reasonable subsection length of tunnel crossing groundfissure is determined.
     On the basis of existing research results, gap at the bottom of the underground structurebeing difficult to solve are discussed in this dissertation. These research methods and ideas have a wide application value for disaster prevention and reduction and engineering design ofunderground engineering across the ground fissures.
     This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No.40772183).
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