基于定容燃烧弹的湍流火焰燃烧分析
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摘要
随着能源稀缺和环境恶化状况日趋严重,合理的组织发动机气体燃料的湍流燃烧,对实现燃烧控制,提高发动动力性、经济性有着十分重要的意义。因此,本文进行湍流火焰燃烧分析对其在发动机中应用具有理论指导作用。
本文开发了预混湍流燃烧弹试验平台,设计了湍流供气系统,系统包括喷射阀阀座、湍流射流装置、预混箱、配气预混装置等。开发了燃烧弹喷射与点火控制系统,实现了喷射时间,点火能量等参数控制以及点火延迟时间的控制。针对试验装置开发了温度采集系统,实现温度数据的分析、存储和实时显示。
在湍流燃烧弹实验平台,开展变参数湍流燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明：适当的增加湍流能够加速预混可燃气体的燃烧过程；与层流燃烧相比,湍流燃烧火焰传播得更快,火核的发展进程更快；在火核形成和发展初期,湍流火核的发展呈现一个逐渐加速的过程；湍流燃烧过程,初始压力越大湍流燃烧的最大爆发压力越大；随着点火时刻的推迟,混合气燃烧到达最大压力的时间随之增加；随着当量比的增大相同时刻的火核尺寸呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在当量比为1.0时最大；随着掺氮比例的增加,燃烧速度有了明显的降低,压力升高率减小,燃烧温度降低,湍流火核形成的过程变慢；不同的射流孔径下湍流燃烧压力也不同,2.5mm的射流孔径下的湍流燃烧速度更大。
As the energy shortage and environmental contamination deteriorate, implementing turbulent combustion of gas fuel properly is important to obtain combustion control, improve the engine power output and fuel consumption. Therefore it is necessary to study turbulent flame combustion which can provide theoretical guidance for the engine development.
In this paper, an experimental platform of turbulent constant volume combustion is designed. The author developed turbulent the fuel-gas supply system. It contains injection valve, turbulent jet device, premixed gas box, premixed gas mix device. A system for controlling ignition and injection is designed for this experimental platform. It achieves parameters'control such as the injection time and the energy of the ignition and ignition delay control. The temperature acquisition system is developed in the paper which can achieve the analysis of temperature data, date save and real-time display.
It studies the variable parameter turbulent combustion in the turbulent combustion experimental platform. The experiment results show: Increase turbulent properly able to speed up burning process of flammable gas. Compared with the laminar burning, turbulent combustion flame spread faster, development of fire core faster. In the early time of fire core, the development of turbulence fire core present an accelerate process. In the turbulent combustion process, the greater the initial pressure will cause the biggest breakout pressure of turbulent combustion bigger. Along with the ignition delay, the time of combustion which pressure increase to the maximum will longer. Along with the increase of equivalent, the size of fire core at the same time first increases and then decreases. It reaches biggest In the equivalent of1.0. With the increase of the proportion of the nitrogen, burning speed has a significantly decrease, rate of increasing pressure reduces, temperature of combustion reduces and the process of turbulence fire core's forming becomes slow. Different jet aperture makes different turbulent combustion pressure, and when jet aperture is2.5mm, it has faster speed of turbulent combustion.
本文开发了预混湍流燃烧弹试验平台,设计了湍流供气系统,系统包括喷射阀阀座、湍流射流装置、预混箱、配气预混装置等。开发了燃烧弹喷射与点火控制系统,实现了喷射时间,点火能量等参数控制以及点火延迟时间的控制。针对试验装置开发了温度采集系统,实现温度数据的分析、存储和实时显示。
在湍流燃烧弹实验平台,开展变参数湍流燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明：适当的增加湍流能够加速预混可燃气体的燃烧过程；与层流燃烧相比,湍流燃烧火焰传播得更快,火核的发展进程更快；在火核形成和发展初期,湍流火核的发展呈现一个逐渐加速的过程；湍流燃烧过程,初始压力越大湍流燃烧的最大爆发压力越大；随着点火时刻的推迟,混合气燃烧到达最大压力的时间随之增加；随着当量比的增大相同时刻的火核尺寸呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在当量比为1.0时最大；随着掺氮比例的增加,燃烧速度有了明显的降低,压力升高率减小,燃烧温度降低,湍流火核形成的过程变慢；不同的射流孔径下湍流燃烧压力也不同,2.5mm的射流孔径下的湍流燃烧速度更大。
As the energy shortage and environmental contamination deteriorate, implementing turbulent combustion of gas fuel properly is important to obtain combustion control, improve the engine power output and fuel consumption. Therefore it is necessary to study turbulent flame combustion which can provide theoretical guidance for the engine development.
In this paper, an experimental platform of turbulent constant volume combustion is designed. The author developed turbulent the fuel-gas supply system. It contains injection valve, turbulent jet device, premixed gas box, premixed gas mix device. A system for controlling ignition and injection is designed for this experimental platform. It achieves parameters'control such as the injection time and the energy of the ignition and ignition delay control. The temperature acquisition system is developed in the paper which can achieve the analysis of temperature data, date save and real-time display.
It studies the variable parameter turbulent combustion in the turbulent combustion experimental platform. The experiment results show: Increase turbulent properly able to speed up burning process of flammable gas. Compared with the laminar burning, turbulent combustion flame spread faster, development of fire core faster. In the early time of fire core, the development of turbulence fire core present an accelerate process. In the turbulent combustion process, the greater the initial pressure will cause the biggest breakout pressure of turbulent combustion bigger. Along with the ignition delay, the time of combustion which pressure increase to the maximum will longer. Along with the increase of equivalent, the size of fire core at the same time first increases and then decreases. It reaches biggest In the equivalent of1.0. With the increase of the proportion of the nitrogen, burning speed has a significantly decrease, rate of increasing pressure reduces, temperature of combustion reduces and the process of turbulence fire core's forming becomes slow. Different jet aperture makes different turbulent combustion pressure, and when jet aperture is2.5mm, it has faster speed of turbulent combustion.
引文
[1]钱伯章.新能源汽车与新型蓄能电池及热电转换技术[M].北京：科学出版社2010.8
[2]Paul Crompton, Yanrui Wu. Energy consumption in China:past trends and future directions[J].energy econimics,2008,1:195-208
[3]Sinton, J.E.; Levine, M.D.China energy databook[J].Energy Citations Database,2009,12:32822
[4]宋传平.气体燃料发动机新技术[J].节能与环保2003,9：12-15
[5]K. Ishii, O. Aoki, Y. Ujii. Investigation of Flow/Flame Interaction in a Constant-Volume Combustion Chamber. SAE paper 930868,1993.
[6]陈祝清.定容燃烧弹控制及测试系统的研发[D]北京交通大学硕士论文.2010
[7]T. D. Fansler and E. G. Groff. Turbulence Characteristics of a Fan-Stirred Combustion Vessel. Combustion and Flame 80:350-354,1990
[8]马凡华.预混湍流燃烧的基础研究[D].西安交通大学博士论文.1997.
[9]马凡华,陈士尧,蒋德明.预混湍流燃烧基础研究的现状和动向[J].燃烧科学与技术.1999,2：113-120
[10]马凡华,蒋德明.一种可变湍流参数的定容燃烧弹试验装置[J].内燃机学报,2001,1：69-72
[11]JIANG De-mingK, YAN Xxiao-jun, MA Fan-hua. Study on the influences of turbulent characteristic parameters on premixed combustion in a constant volume bomb [J]. Transactions of CSICE,2000,3:293-298
[10]S.S. Shy, W.K. I, M.L. Lin. A new cruciform burner and its turbulence measurements for premixed turbulent combustion study [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 20 (2000) 105-114.
[13]颜蓓蓓.生物质气体湍流燃烧数值模拟及试验研究[D].天津大学硕士论文2006.
[14]F.V. Tinaut, A. Melgar. Characterization of the combustion of biomass producer gas in a constant volume combustion bomb [J]. Fuel,2010,(89):724-731
[15]Louch.D. S, Bray, K.N.C. Vorticity and scalar transport in premixed turbulent combustion [J]. Symp Int Combust,2008,(1):801-810
[16]Sun. C.J, Law. C.K. On the consumption of fuel pockets via inwardly propagating flames [J]. Symp Int Combust,2008,(1):963-970
[17]杨绪元.基于高速CCD和三基色测温的柴油机燃烧过程可视化研究[D].合肥工业大学2010
[18]雷卫.一种新的HCCI柴油机燃油喷雾特性的PLIF法测试系统[D].天津大学2003
[19]汪亮.燃烧实验诊断学[M].北京.国防工业出版社2005
[20]马凡华,许忠厚.内燃机燃烧的光学测试方法[J].车用发动机,1999,12：8-11
[21]赵昌普.激光诊断技术在内燃机研究中的应用及其分析[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2009,12：1-5
[22]安新亮,何旭,王丽雯,王建昕.应用高速纹影法对汽油机燃烧过程的研究[J].内燃机工程,2007,4：1-5
[23]Linan A.Ignition and Flame Spread in Laminar Mixing Layers.In:Buckmaster J,et al,ed.Combustiion in high spead flows.Dordrecht;Kluwer Academic.1992:461.
[24]Domigo P,Vervish I.Triple flames and partially premixed combustion in autoignition of non-premixed turbulent mixtures. 26th Symposium (international) on Combustion.Pittabustion Institute, 1996:233
[25]Sechadri K,Peter N.Asympotic stecture and extinction of methane-air diffusion flames.Combustion and Flame, 1988,73:23
[26]冯天植、刘成明等.纹影技术评述[J].弹道学报,1994,2：25-29
[27]安新亮,何旭,王丽雯,王建昕.应用高速纹影法对汽油机燃烧过程的研究[J].内燃机工程,2007,4：1-5
[28]陈元迪.用光学纹影摄影术观察分析定容燃烧室内氢燃料的燃烧过程[J].内燃机学报2000.8：35-37
[29]马凡华,许忠厚.内燃机燃烧的光学测试方法[J].车用发动机,1999,12：8-11
[30]王红霞.气体喷射器的设计及数值模拟研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文2009.
[31]龚英利,张慧明,王强,张德福,黄叶舟.混合器对天然气-空气混合气形成过程的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术.2008,9：52-58
[32]薛云.电控气体双燃料发动机的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[33]郭晓娥,赵金录.长方体隔爆壳体的设计[J].煤矿机电.2003,5：16-17
[34]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].高等教育出版社2008
[35]濮良贵、纪名刚.机械设计[M].高等教育出版社2008
[36]郑国勇.天然气发动机电控系统的开发研究[D].北京工业大学硕士论文.2008
[37]麻友良、丁卫东.汽车电器与电子控制系统[M].机械工业出版社,2005
[38]谭浩强.C程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[39]王勇.并联式混合动力电动车动力总成控制系统研究[D].北京交通大学,2005
[40]叶湘滨,雄飞丽,张文娜,罗武胜.传感器与测试技术[M].国防工业出版社,2008.
[41]吴坚.工业热电偶自动检定系统研究[D].西安石油大学硕士论文,2009.
[42]杜广仁.热电偶时间常数与热响应时间[J].计量信息.2005,02：15.
[43]孙奉道.嵌入式薄膜热电偶测温刀具传感器的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文2008.
[44]汪昌明,孔德人,何云峰.传感与测试技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版社2005.
[45]孙克军.常用传感器应用技术问答[M].机械工业出版社2009.
[46]杨帮文.新型传感器和变送器实用手册[M].电子工业出版社2008.
[47]王建群,南金瑞,孙逢春,付立鼎.基于labVIEW的数据采集系统的实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2003.21：123.
[48]章蔚中,王颖.虚拟温度测量系统设计[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2007,09：195.
[49]沈志勇.气体燃料发动机缸内离子电流的测量与研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论.2010.
[50]闫明.基于LabVIEW的Windows通用测试平台的研究与实现[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004.
[2]Paul Crompton, Yanrui Wu. Energy consumption in China:past trends and future directions[J].energy econimics,2008,1:195-208
[3]Sinton, J.E.; Levine, M.D.China energy databook[J].Energy Citations Database,2009,12:32822
[4]宋传平.气体燃料发动机新技术[J].节能与环保2003,9：12-15
[5]K. Ishii, O. Aoki, Y. Ujii. Investigation of Flow/Flame Interaction in a Constant-Volume Combustion Chamber. SAE paper 930868,1993.
[6]陈祝清.定容燃烧弹控制及测试系统的研发[D]北京交通大学硕士论文.2010
[7]T. D. Fansler and E. G. Groff. Turbulence Characteristics of a Fan-Stirred Combustion Vessel. Combustion and Flame 80:350-354,1990
[8]马凡华.预混湍流燃烧的基础研究[D].西安交通大学博士论文.1997.
[9]马凡华,陈士尧,蒋德明.预混湍流燃烧基础研究的现状和动向[J].燃烧科学与技术.1999,2：113-120
[10]马凡华,蒋德明.一种可变湍流参数的定容燃烧弹试验装置[J].内燃机学报,2001,1：69-72
[11]JIANG De-mingK, YAN Xxiao-jun, MA Fan-hua. Study on the influences of turbulent characteristic parameters on premixed combustion in a constant volume bomb [J]. Transactions of CSICE,2000,3:293-298
[10]S.S. Shy, W.K. I, M.L. Lin. A new cruciform burner and its turbulence measurements for premixed turbulent combustion study [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 20 (2000) 105-114.
[13]颜蓓蓓.生物质气体湍流燃烧数值模拟及试验研究[D].天津大学硕士论文2006.
[14]F.V. Tinaut, A. Melgar. Characterization of the combustion of biomass producer gas in a constant volume combustion bomb [J]. Fuel,2010,(89):724-731
[15]Louch.D. S, Bray, K.N.C. Vorticity and scalar transport in premixed turbulent combustion [J]. Symp Int Combust,2008,(1):801-810
[16]Sun. C.J, Law. C.K. On the consumption of fuel pockets via inwardly propagating flames [J]. Symp Int Combust,2008,(1):963-970
[17]杨绪元.基于高速CCD和三基色测温的柴油机燃烧过程可视化研究[D].合肥工业大学2010
[18]雷卫.一种新的HCCI柴油机燃油喷雾特性的PLIF法测试系统[D].天津大学2003
[19]汪亮.燃烧实验诊断学[M].北京.国防工业出版社2005
[20]马凡华,许忠厚.内燃机燃烧的光学测试方法[J].车用发动机,1999,12：8-11
[21]赵昌普.激光诊断技术在内燃机研究中的应用及其分析[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2009,12：1-5
[22]安新亮,何旭,王丽雯,王建昕.应用高速纹影法对汽油机燃烧过程的研究[J].内燃机工程,2007,4：1-5
[23]Linan A.Ignition and Flame Spread in Laminar Mixing Layers.In:Buckmaster J,et al,ed.Combustiion in high spead flows.Dordrecht;Kluwer Academic.1992:461.
[24]Domigo P,Vervish I.Triple flames and partially premixed combustion in autoignition of non-premixed turbulent mixtures. 26th Symposium (international) on Combustion.Pittabustion Institute, 1996:233
[25]Sechadri K,Peter N.Asympotic stecture and extinction of methane-air diffusion flames.Combustion and Flame, 1988,73:23
[26]冯天植、刘成明等.纹影技术评述[J].弹道学报,1994,2：25-29
[27]安新亮,何旭,王丽雯,王建昕.应用高速纹影法对汽油机燃烧过程的研究[J].内燃机工程,2007,4：1-5
[28]陈元迪.用光学纹影摄影术观察分析定容燃烧室内氢燃料的燃烧过程[J].内燃机学报2000.8：35-37
[29]马凡华,许忠厚.内燃机燃烧的光学测试方法[J].车用发动机,1999,12：8-11
[30]王红霞.气体喷射器的设计及数值模拟研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文2009.
[31]龚英利,张慧明,王强,张德福,黄叶舟.混合器对天然气-空气混合气形成过程的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术.2008,9：52-58
[32]薛云.电控气体双燃料发动机的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[33]郭晓娥,赵金录.长方体隔爆壳体的设计[J].煤矿机电.2003,5：16-17
[34]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].高等教育出版社2008
[35]濮良贵、纪名刚.机械设计[M].高等教育出版社2008
[36]郑国勇.天然气发动机电控系统的开发研究[D].北京工业大学硕士论文.2008
[37]麻友良、丁卫东.汽车电器与电子控制系统[M].机械工业出版社,2005
[38]谭浩强.C程序设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[39]王勇.并联式混合动力电动车动力总成控制系统研究[D].北京交通大学,2005
[40]叶湘滨,雄飞丽,张文娜,罗武胜.传感器与测试技术[M].国防工业出版社,2008.
[41]吴坚.工业热电偶自动检定系统研究[D].西安石油大学硕士论文,2009.
[42]杜广仁.热电偶时间常数与热响应时间[J].计量信息.2005,02：15.
[43]孙奉道.嵌入式薄膜热电偶测温刀具传感器的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文2008.
[44]汪昌明,孔德人,何云峰.传感与测试技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版社2005.
[45]孙克军.常用传感器应用技术问答[M].机械工业出版社2009.
[46]杨帮文.新型传感器和变送器实用手册[M].电子工业出版社2008.
[47]王建群,南金瑞,孙逢春,付立鼎.基于labVIEW的数据采集系统的实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2003.21：123.
[48]章蔚中,王颖.虚拟温度测量系统设计[J].传感器与仪器仪表,2007,09：195.
[49]沈志勇.气体燃料发动机缸内离子电流的测量与研究[D].北京交通大学硕士论.2010.
[50]闫明.基于LabVIEW的Windows通用测试平台的研究与实现[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004.