语义特征造型系统约束求解的研究
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摘要
近年来,CAD软件结构正在经历着重大变革,正在从以实体造型为中心的“几何CAD”发展到以特征造型和约束造型为中心的“应用CAD”。作为CAD系统的重要组成部分,约束造型技术近年来得到普遍重视,提出了一些实用的解决方案,大大促进了CAD的变革和应用。同时,出现了新的定义特征的理论、方法及具体实现算法即语义特征,使得特征具有可调整性,提高了系统设计效率。因此,语义特征造型已成为当今CAID系统的主要研究的方向之一。
HUST-CAID(哈尔滨理工大学计算机辅助工业造型设计系统)是一种基于特征的参数化造型设计系统。该系统在基于B-rep、CSG树和特征描述树(FDT)的混合模型基础之上,利用重用CSG树与特征描述树的技术,来完成实体模型的设计与编辑工作。但在特征造型过程中,随着造型体数目的增加,设计模型将变得越来越复杂,由此导致了系统设计效率的降低。
为了能够正确地维护设计者的设计意图和满足用户的需求,本文在原系统的基础之上,提出了一种语义特征约束模型。同时为了解决现有系统约束模型在过约束状态和欠约束状态时求解难的问题,在对现有的各种约束求解机制和HUST-CAID系统原有约束求解充分研究的基础上,引入了一种新的自由度分析技术,并将此技术初步应用到了HUST-CAID的约束模型中。
In recent years, the structure of CAD software is undertaking significant reforms, changing from solid modeling centered systems which are called “geometric CAD” to the feature and constraint based ones, which are called “applied CAD”. As an indispensable part in any CAD systems, technology concerning constraint modeling is highly emphasized, and many useful solutions have been raised which encourage the reform and application of CAD systems. At the same time, the new concept and arithmetic of semantic feature is applied to define feature, where the feature can be adjusted, which improves the efficiency of designing process. So, the semantic feature modeling technique has become very important in most CAID systems.
HUST-CAID (Computer Aided Industry Design System developed by Harbin University of Science and Technology) is a parametric modeling design system based on feature. This system describes entities based on mixed model of boundary representation、CSG tree and feature description tree(FDT),in which the design of solid model and feature-editing can be completed with rebuilding CSG tree and feature description tree. But, in the feature modeling, with the number of features increasing, the design model becomes more and more complex. The efficiency of designing is decreased.
In order to maintain the intent of designers and satisfy them, the concept of the semantic feature modeling is put forward based on old design system. At the same time, in order to settle the problem that over- and underconstrained models is difficult to solve, on the base of researching all kinds of existing constraint-solving mechanism and old constraint solver of HUST-CAID systems, a new freedom analysis technique is presented, and is elementarily applied to constraint modeling of HUST-CAID systems.
HUST-CAID(哈尔滨理工大学计算机辅助工业造型设计系统)是一种基于特征的参数化造型设计系统。该系统在基于B-rep、CSG树和特征描述树(FDT)的混合模型基础之上,利用重用CSG树与特征描述树的技术,来完成实体模型的设计与编辑工作。但在特征造型过程中,随着造型体数目的增加,设计模型将变得越来越复杂,由此导致了系统设计效率的降低。
为了能够正确地维护设计者的设计意图和满足用户的需求,本文在原系统的基础之上,提出了一种语义特征约束模型。同时为了解决现有系统约束模型在过约束状态和欠约束状态时求解难的问题,在对现有的各种约束求解机制和HUST-CAID系统原有约束求解充分研究的基础上,引入了一种新的自由度分析技术,并将此技术初步应用到了HUST-CAID的约束模型中。
In recent years, the structure of CAD software is undertaking significant reforms, changing from solid modeling centered systems which are called “geometric CAD” to the feature and constraint based ones, which are called “applied CAD”. As an indispensable part in any CAD systems, technology concerning constraint modeling is highly emphasized, and many useful solutions have been raised which encourage the reform and application of CAD systems. At the same time, the new concept and arithmetic of semantic feature is applied to define feature, where the feature can be adjusted, which improves the efficiency of designing process. So, the semantic feature modeling technique has become very important in most CAID systems.
HUST-CAID (Computer Aided Industry Design System developed by Harbin University of Science and Technology) is a parametric modeling design system based on feature. This system describes entities based on mixed model of boundary representation、CSG tree and feature description tree(FDT),in which the design of solid model and feature-editing can be completed with rebuilding CSG tree and feature description tree. But, in the feature modeling, with the number of features increasing, the design model becomes more and more complex. The efficiency of designing is decreased.
In order to maintain the intent of designers and satisfy them, the concept of the semantic feature modeling is put forward based on old design system. At the same time, in order to settle the problem that over- and underconstrained models is difficult to solve, on the base of researching all kinds of existing constraint-solving mechanism and old constraint solver of HUST-CAID systems, a new freedom analysis technique is presented, and is elementarily applied to constraint modeling of HUST-CAID systems.
引文
R.Bidarra, W.F.Bronsvoort. Semantic Feature Modeling. Computer Aided Design, 2000, 32(4): 201-225
S.Motavalli, S.H.cheraghi and Rafie Shameaasef. Feature-Based Modeling: An Object Oriented Approach. Computer Industrial Engineer, 1997, 32(1,2): 349-352
孙正兴, 张福炎. 特征设计方法在方案设计中的应用初探. 机械设计与研究, 1999, (1): 21-25
唐荣锡, 席平, 宁涛. 协同设计特征造型软件发展概况. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003, 15(1): 15-20
葛建新, 杨莉. 微分观点下的参数化设计原理和实现方法. 计算机学报, 1998, 21(3): 261-269
袁波,胡事民,孙家广. 变量化设计中的多解性问题. 计算机研究与发展, 2000, 37(1): 86-94
Kripac J. A Menchanism for Persistently Naming Topological Entities in History-Based Parametric Solid Models. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(2): 113-112
Capoyleas V. Generic Naming in Generative Constraint-Based Design. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(1): 17-26
Wu J. Topological Naming Mechanism in Feature-Based Modeling. CADDM, 1997, 7(2): 71-78
Bidarra R, De Krajer, K.J, Bronsvoort W F. Representation and Management of Feature Information in A Cellular Model. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(4): 301-313
苏晓锋, 董正东, 朱林, 常明. 形状特征中的拓扑元素编码体系. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(2): 137-141
陈正鸣, 高曙明, 张凤军, 彭群生. 一种拓扑元素的命名和辨识方法. 计算机学报, 2001, 11(11): 1171-1176
Noort A, Bronsvoort WF. Enforcing Model Validity by Automatic Adjustment. Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2001, 1(4): 311-319
Van Holland W, Bronsvoort WF. Assembly Features in Modeling and Planning.
Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2000, 16(4): 277-294
Noort A, Hoek GFM and Bronsvoort WF. Integrating Part and Assembly Modelling. Computer Aided Design, 2002, 34(12): 899-912
Andel R, Mendgen R. Modelling with Constraints: Theoretical Foundation and Application. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(4): 155-168
Suh H, Ahluwalia R S. Feature Modification in Incremental Feature Generation. Computer Aided Design, 1995, 27(8): 627-635
Perng D B, Chang C F. Resolving Feature Interactions in 3D Part Editing. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(10): 687-699
姚剑峰, 刘子建, 许柳青. 三维参数化特征库的研究与实现. 机械研究与应用, 2002, (1): 38-40
俞杰, 耿卫东, 潘云鹤. 面向产品设计的CAD原型系统CMCAD. 计算机应用研究, 1999, (4):96-97
曹健, 张申生, 王英林. 支持协同产品开发的约束模型研究. 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(4): 17-21
X.S.Gao & S.C.Chou. Solving Geometric Constraint Systems I: A Global Propagation Approach. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(1): 47-54
J.X.Ge, S.C.Chou & X.S.Gao. Geometric Constraint Satisfaction Using Optimization Methods. Computer Aided Design, 2000, 31(14): 867-879
K.Kondo. Algebraic Method for Manipulation of Dimensional Relationships in Geometric Models. Computer Aided Design, 1992, 24(3): 141-147
R.Joan-Arinyo & A.Soto. A Correct Rule-Based Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer and Graphics, 1997, 21(5): 599-609
Li Yan-Tao,Hu Shi-Min & Sun Jia-Guang. Hybrid Model of Geometric Constraint Satisfaction. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2000, 37(10): 1233-1239
B.Yuan & J.G.Sun. A Graph Based Approach to Design Decomposition. The 6th International Conference on CAD & CG, Shanghai-China, 1999: 984-988
张新访, 罗浩. 基于推理的自动参数化图形库管理系统. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1996,8(1):68-74
张国伟, 秦世存, 俞新陆. 面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究与开发. 计算机辅助设计与制造,1996,(8):22-26
高曙明, 彭群生. 一种实用于特征造型的参数化设计方法. 计算机学报,
1996,19(12):909-915
徐慧萍, 陆国栋, 潭建荣. 面向三维变量设计的可变特征模型. 计算机学报, 1996, 19(12): 909-915
Ping-Ling Tsai, Chi-Chang Fu, Wei-Hua Chieng. Analysis and Synthesis of Geometric Models using Tree-Structured Relations. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(9): 607-615
Yan-Tao Li, Shi-Min Hu, Jia-Guang Sun. A Constructive Approach to Solving 3-D Geometric Constraint Systems using Dependence Analysis. Computer Aided Design, 2000, 34(2): 97-108
Bouma W, Fudos I, Haffmann C. Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer Aided Design, 1995, 27(5): 487-501
Joan-Arinyo R, Soto A. A Correct Rule-Based Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer & Graphics, 1997, 21(5): 599-609
李彦涛, 胡事民, 孙家广. 几何约束满足的统一模型. 计算机研究与发展, 2000, 37(1): 86-94
Lee J Y, Kim K. A 2-D Geometric Constraint Solver using DOF-Based Graph Reduction. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(11): 883-896
乔雨, 王波兴, 向文. 基于自由度分析的三维几何约束推理求解. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2002, 14(6): 557-561
王波兴, 陈立平, 周济. 传统绘图系统的几何约束驱动关键技术研究与实践. 计算机研究与发展, 1998, 35(10): 872-879
C.M.Hoffmann, K.J.Kim. Towards Valid Parametric CAD Models. Computer Aided Design, 2001, 33: 81-90
Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Geometric Reasoning for Knowledge-Based Parametric Designs using Graph Representation. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(10): 831-841
S.Motavalli, S.H.cheraghi and Rafie Shameaasef. Feature-Based Modeling: An Object Oriented Approach. Computer Industrial Engineer, 1997, 32(1,2): 349-352
孙正兴, 张福炎. 特征设计方法在方案设计中的应用初探. 机械设计与研究, 1999, (1): 21-25
唐荣锡, 席平, 宁涛. 协同设计特征造型软件发展概况. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003, 15(1): 15-20
葛建新, 杨莉. 微分观点下的参数化设计原理和实现方法. 计算机学报, 1998, 21(3): 261-269
袁波,胡事民,孙家广. 变量化设计中的多解性问题. 计算机研究与发展, 2000, 37(1): 86-94
Kripac J. A Menchanism for Persistently Naming Topological Entities in History-Based Parametric Solid Models. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(2): 113-112
Capoyleas V. Generic Naming in Generative Constraint-Based Design. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(1): 17-26
Wu J. Topological Naming Mechanism in Feature-Based Modeling. CADDM, 1997, 7(2): 71-78
Bidarra R, De Krajer, K.J, Bronsvoort W F. Representation and Management of Feature Information in A Cellular Model. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(4): 301-313
苏晓锋, 董正东, 朱林, 常明. 形状特征中的拓扑元素编码体系. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2000, 12(2): 137-141
陈正鸣, 高曙明, 张凤军, 彭群生. 一种拓扑元素的命名和辨识方法. 计算机学报, 2001, 11(11): 1171-1176
Noort A, Bronsvoort WF. Enforcing Model Validity by Automatic Adjustment. Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2001, 1(4): 311-319
Van Holland W, Bronsvoort WF. Assembly Features in Modeling and Planning.
Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2000, 16(4): 277-294
Noort A, Hoek GFM and Bronsvoort WF. Integrating Part and Assembly Modelling. Computer Aided Design, 2002, 34(12): 899-912
Andel R, Mendgen R. Modelling with Constraints: Theoretical Foundation and Application. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(4): 155-168
Suh H, Ahluwalia R S. Feature Modification in Incremental Feature Generation. Computer Aided Design, 1995, 27(8): 627-635
Perng D B, Chang C F. Resolving Feature Interactions in 3D Part Editing. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(10): 687-699
姚剑峰, 刘子建, 许柳青. 三维参数化特征库的研究与实现. 机械研究与应用, 2002, (1): 38-40
俞杰, 耿卫东, 潘云鹤. 面向产品设计的CAD原型系统CMCAD. 计算机应用研究, 1999, (4):96-97
曹健, 张申生, 王英林. 支持协同产品开发的约束模型研究. 计算机集成制造系统-CIMS, 2001, 7(4): 17-21
X.S.Gao & S.C.Chou. Solving Geometric Constraint Systems I: A Global Propagation Approach. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(1): 47-54
J.X.Ge, S.C.Chou & X.S.Gao. Geometric Constraint Satisfaction Using Optimization Methods. Computer Aided Design, 2000, 31(14): 867-879
K.Kondo. Algebraic Method for Manipulation of Dimensional Relationships in Geometric Models. Computer Aided Design, 1992, 24(3): 141-147
R.Joan-Arinyo & A.Soto. A Correct Rule-Based Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer and Graphics, 1997, 21(5): 599-609
Li Yan-Tao,Hu Shi-Min & Sun Jia-Guang. Hybrid Model of Geometric Constraint Satisfaction. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2000, 37(10): 1233-1239
B.Yuan & J.G.Sun. A Graph Based Approach to Design Decomposition. The 6th International Conference on CAD & CG, Shanghai-China, 1999: 984-988
张新访, 罗浩. 基于推理的自动参数化图形库管理系统. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1996,8(1):68-74
张国伟, 秦世存, 俞新陆. 面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究与开发. 计算机辅助设计与制造,1996,(8):22-26
高曙明, 彭群生. 一种实用于特征造型的参数化设计方法. 计算机学报,
1996,19(12):909-915
徐慧萍, 陆国栋, 潭建荣. 面向三维变量设计的可变特征模型. 计算机学报, 1996, 19(12): 909-915
Ping-Ling Tsai, Chi-Chang Fu, Wei-Hua Chieng. Analysis and Synthesis of Geometric Models using Tree-Structured Relations. Computer Aided Design, 1997, 29(9): 607-615
Yan-Tao Li, Shi-Min Hu, Jia-Guang Sun. A Constructive Approach to Solving 3-D Geometric Constraint Systems using Dependence Analysis. Computer Aided Design, 2000, 34(2): 97-108
Bouma W, Fudos I, Haffmann C. Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer Aided Design, 1995, 27(5): 487-501
Joan-Arinyo R, Soto A. A Correct Rule-Based Geometric Constraint Solver. Computer & Graphics, 1997, 21(5): 599-609
李彦涛, 胡事民, 孙家广. 几何约束满足的统一模型. 计算机研究与发展, 2000, 37(1): 86-94
Lee J Y, Kim K. A 2-D Geometric Constraint Solver using DOF-Based Graph Reduction. Computer Aided Design, 1998, 30(11): 883-896
乔雨, 王波兴, 向文. 基于自由度分析的三维几何约束推理求解. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2002, 14(6): 557-561
王波兴, 陈立平, 周济. 传统绘图系统的几何约束驱动关键技术研究与实践. 计算机研究与发展, 1998, 35(10): 872-879
C.M.Hoffmann, K.J.Kim. Towards Valid Parametric CAD Models. Computer Aided Design, 2001, 33: 81-90
Jae Yeol Lee, et al. Geometric Reasoning for Knowledge-Based Parametric Designs using Graph Representation. Computer Aided Design, 1996, 28(10): 831-841