基于EPON的网络电视传输系统软件设计
摘要
基于千兆以太网的宽带无源光网络系统(EPON)是目前解决宽带接入的最经济高效的方案。在本课题中设计了一种基于EPON的IPTV传输系统,能够把大数据量的视频IP流传输到用户,真正实现电视、电话和计算机“三网合一”,为“光纤到户”奠定坚实技术基础。
本论文首先对在此系统中所用到的技术包括视频编码技术,流媒体传输协议进行了一个全面而深入的介绍。在本系统中采用MPEG2编码方式将数字电视信号进行编码成TS流再加上网络包头送至IP网络进行传播。为了保证数据传输的可靠性,该系统还在网络传输时应用了实时传输协议(RTP)及其控制协议(RTCP),为具有实时特征视频数据提供端到端的同步控制传输服务。RTP和RTCP配合使用,一起提供流量控制和拥塞控制服务,能以有效的反馈和最小的开销使电视信号的传输效率最佳化。
本论文还详细介绍了整个网络传输系统的软件开发过程。我们选用Ubicom公司生产的IP2022芯片作为网络处理的平台,并对它的硬件性能和软件开发环境以及软件开发工具包进行了一个完整的介绍。着重叙述了基于IP2022的系统软件的开发流程和配置方式。具体说明了在本系统中从编码到网络处理的接口,发送端和接受端的RTP/RTCP协议,网络到解码端的接口整个数据传输流程中网络部分软件设计和代码编写的细节。在本论文最后给出了整个传输系统的测试方案及原理,并列出测试结果及其分析。
Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) are emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office and a customer site. An optical-fiber access system of IPTV over EPON is designed in our thesis, which can provide multimedia traffics to customers. In this way, the triple play will become true.
Firstly, this thesis gives an introduction of various multimedia encoding technology, as well as multimedia streaming transport protocol which may be used in our project. MPEG2 protocol is chosen to act as multimedia encoding standard. RTP (real-time transport protocol) is used to provide quality-of-service guarantees, which can provide end-to-end delivery services for data with real-time characteristics. Using RTP protocol together with RTCP protocol can provide services such as flow control and traffic control. The transmission of TV signal with effective feedback and little spending is optimized in this way.
Then the software development process is also presented in this thesis. IP2022 network processor is used as the network design platform. This thesis chiefly pays attention to the development process and environment configuration. The design of interface between network processor and encoder/decoder is described in detail.
Finally, the system's test scheme and result is presented in this thesis.
本论文首先对在此系统中所用到的技术包括视频编码技术,流媒体传输协议进行了一个全面而深入的介绍。在本系统中采用MPEG2编码方式将数字电视信号进行编码成TS流再加上网络包头送至IP网络进行传播。为了保证数据传输的可靠性,该系统还在网络传输时应用了实时传输协议(RTP)及其控制协议(RTCP),为具有实时特征视频数据提供端到端的同步控制传输服务。RTP和RTCP配合使用,一起提供流量控制和拥塞控制服务,能以有效的反馈和最小的开销使电视信号的传输效率最佳化。
本论文还详细介绍了整个网络传输系统的软件开发过程。我们选用Ubicom公司生产的IP2022芯片作为网络处理的平台,并对它的硬件性能和软件开发环境以及软件开发工具包进行了一个完整的介绍。着重叙述了基于IP2022的系统软件的开发流程和配置方式。具体说明了在本系统中从编码到网络处理的接口,发送端和接受端的RTP/RTCP协议,网络到解码端的接口整个数据传输流程中网络部分软件设计和代码编写的细节。在本论文最后给出了整个传输系统的测试方案及原理,并列出测试结果及其分析。
Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) are emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office and a customer site. An optical-fiber access system of IPTV over EPON is designed in our thesis, which can provide multimedia traffics to customers. In this way, the triple play will become true.
Firstly, this thesis gives an introduction of various multimedia encoding technology, as well as multimedia streaming transport protocol which may be used in our project. MPEG2 protocol is chosen to act as multimedia encoding standard. RTP (real-time transport protocol) is used to provide quality-of-service guarantees, which can provide end-to-end delivery services for data with real-time characteristics. Using RTP protocol together with RTCP protocol can provide services such as flow control and traffic control. The transmission of TV signal with effective feedback and little spending is optimized in this way.
Then the software development process is also presented in this thesis. IP2022 network processor is used as the network design platform. This thesis chiefly pays attention to the development process and environment configuration. The design of interface between network processor and encoder/decoder is described in detail.
Finally, the system's test scheme and result is presented in this thesis.
引文
[1] Braun R.. Internet protocols for multimedia communications II Resource reservation, transport, and application protocols. Multimedia, 1997,4(4):74-82
[2] Stallings W.. Supporting next generation Internet applications today. IT Professional, 1999,1(1): 29-34
[3] Mehta P., Udani S.. Voice over IP. Potentials,2001,20(4):36-40
[4] Wolf T., Choi S.Y.. Aggregated hierarchical multicast-a many-to-many communication paradigm using programmable networks. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, 2003, 33(3):358-369
[5] 刘立刚. 基于 IP 机顶盒上的视频电话软件系统的开发: [博士学位论文]. 西安电子科技大学, 2005
[6] 刘志斌. IPTV 技术及应用.通信管理与技术, 2005,4(3):14-17
[7] 国际运营商 IPTV 发展概况.广东通信技术, 2005,5(1):20-21
[8] 张造生.IPTV 技术及其发展前景.广播与电视技术, 2005,10(7):10-12
[9] Sherif S.R., Hadjiantonis A., Ellinas G., et al. A novel decentralized ethernet-based PON access architecture for provisioning differentiated QoS. Lightwave Technology, 2004, 22(11):2483-2497
[10] Kramer G., Pesavento G.. Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network. Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(2):66-73
[11] Zheng J., Mouftah H.T.. Adaptive scheduling algorithms for Ethernet passive optical networks.Communications,2004,152(5):643-647
[12] Ma Maode, Liu Lishan, Cheng Tee Hiang. Adaptive scheduling for differentiated services in ethernet passive optical networks: ICCS2004, 2004.102-106
[13] Jiajia Chen, Biao Chen, Sailing He. A novel algorithm for intra-ONU bandwidth allocation in Ethernet passive optical networks. Communications Letters, 2005, 9(9): 850-852
[14] Assi C.M., Yinghua Ye, Sudhir Dixit, et al. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for quality-of-service over Ethernet PONs. Selected Areas in Communications, 2003, 21(9): 1467-1477
[15] Ghani N., Shami A., Assi C.,et al. Intra-ONU bandwidth scheduling in Ethernet passive optical networks. Communications Letters, 2004, 8(11): 683-685
[16] Wan-Ki Park, Dae-Young Kim. Convergence of broadcasting and communication in home network using an EPON-based home gateway and overlay, 2005, 51(2):485-493
[17] Zhang Ao, He Yan, Shi Lei. Analysis and solutions of QoS issue in ethernet PON. APOC 2003, 2004,5282(1):309-318
[18] 高鹏, 张继军. FTTH 方案中 EPON 系统多业务承载的实现 .电信科学, 2005,11 (3):16-18
[19] 李志军.基于 EPON 的广电综合业务宽带网的实现. 中国有线电视, 2005,13(4): 20-22
[20] Shami A., Xiaofeng Bai, Ghani N., et al. QoS Control Schemes for Two-Stage Ethernet Passive Optical Access Networks. Selected Areas in Communications, 2005, 23(8): 1467-1476
[21] Zheng J., Mouftah H.T..Media access control for Ethernet passive optical networks an overview. Communications Magazine, 2005, 43(2):145-150
[22] Hee-Jung Byun, Ji-Myung Nho, Jong-Tae Lim. Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm in Ethernet passive optical networks. Electronics Letters, 2003, 39(13): 1001-1002
[23] Ma M., Zhu Y., Cheng T.H.. A Systematic Scheme for Multiple Access in Ethernet Passive Optical Access Networks. Lightwave Technology, 2005, 23(11):3671-3682
[24] 张方. 网络通信中的视频编码与传输技术研究:[博士学位论文]. 西安电子科技大学,2004
[25] 张玉清. IP 网上视频流传输的拥塞控制及视频服务器设计:[博士学位论文]. 北京邮电大学,2003
[26] Cavusoglu. B., Schonfeld.D., Ansari.R.. Real-time adaptive forward error correction for MPEG-2 video communications over RTP networks Multimedia and Expo: ICME '03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference : 2003,4:261
[27] Hyun-Cheol Kim, Kyuheon Kim, Seunghong Min. Design and implementation of streaming system for MPEG-4 based interactive contents over IP networks. Digital and Computational Video, 2002,14(15):100-107
[28] Worrall S.T., Sadka A.H., Sweeney P., et al. Optimal packetisation of MPEG-4 using RTP over mobile networks.Communications,2001,148(4):197-201
[29] 黄家传, 王福豹, 段渭军.MPEG-4 的 RTP 封装技术及其应用. 计算机应用研究, 2005,8(5):16-18
[30] Cavusoglu B., Schonfeld D., Ansari R., et al.Real-time low-complexity adaptive approach for enhanced QoS and error resilience in MPEG-2 video transport over RTP networks. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2005,15(12):1604-1614
[31] 朱凯, 孟相如, 魏伟. 一种 IP 网络多媒体通信系统的设计与实现. 微电子学与计算机, 2005,11(2):31-32
[32] 魏春城. 流媒体服务器中关键技术的研究 : [博士学位论文]. 北京邮电大学,2002
[33] Brassil J., Schulzrinne H.. Structuring Internet media streams with cueing protocols. Networking, 2002,10(4):466-476
[34] 曾琦, 唐发根, 林广艳.数据驱动的流媒体应用层组播研究与实现.计算机与数字工程, 2005,10(7):25-27
[35] Sisalem. D., Wolisz, A.. Towards TCP-friendly adaptive multimedia applications based on RTP Computers and Communications: Proceedings: IEEE International Symposium on, 1999.166-172
[36] Vieron. J., Guillemot, C.. Real-time constrained TCP-compatible rate control for video over the Internet. Multimedia, 2004, 6(4):634-646
[37] H. Schulzrinne,S. Casner,R. Frederick.RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,Request for Comments,1889,1996
[38] 张会兵, 周德新.RTP 在嵌入式语音网关中的应用与实现,计算机与现代化 , 2005,11(5):24-26
[39] 于溯, 盛彦瑾, 黄凯,et al. RTP 自适应传输控制算法的研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2005,11(3):31-33
[40] H. Schulzrinne. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control,Request for Comments: 1890,
[41] 李燕灵, 马瑞芳, 左力. 基于 RTP/RTCP 的实时视频数据传输模型及实现.微电子学与计算机, 2005,8(7):7-10
[42] 潘鹏, 杜旭, 叶婷等. RTP/RTCP 实时传输协议的研究与 Linux 实现. 计算机工程与应用, 2005,20(6):16-17
[43] 熊红凯. 实时视频传输中基于 QoS 的资源分配技术:[博士学位论文]. 上海交通大学,2003
[44] Xue Chen, Meihong Yu, Yang Zhang, et al. A novel upstream dynamic bandwidth assignment scheme for Ethernet PONs. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2003,1:748-750
[45] 许先斌, 余韦. 多媒体组播中的 RTP 包丢失恢复方案. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 23 (3):26-28
[2] Stallings W.. Supporting next generation Internet applications today. IT Professional, 1999,1(1): 29-34
[3] Mehta P., Udani S.. Voice over IP. Potentials,2001,20(4):36-40
[4] Wolf T., Choi S.Y.. Aggregated hierarchical multicast-a many-to-many communication paradigm using programmable networks. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C, 2003, 33(3):358-369
[5] 刘立刚. 基于 IP 机顶盒上的视频电话软件系统的开发: [博士学位论文]. 西安电子科技大学, 2005
[6] 刘志斌. IPTV 技术及应用.通信管理与技术, 2005,4(3):14-17
[7] 国际运营商 IPTV 发展概况.广东通信技术, 2005,5(1):20-21
[8] 张造生.IPTV 技术及其发展前景.广播与电视技术, 2005,10(7):10-12
[9] Sherif S.R., Hadjiantonis A., Ellinas G., et al. A novel decentralized ethernet-based PON access architecture for provisioning differentiated QoS. Lightwave Technology, 2004, 22(11):2483-2497
[10] Kramer G., Pesavento G.. Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): building a next-generation optical access network. Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(2):66-73
[11] Zheng J., Mouftah H.T.. Adaptive scheduling algorithms for Ethernet passive optical networks.Communications,2004,152(5):643-647
[12] Ma Maode, Liu Lishan, Cheng Tee Hiang. Adaptive scheduling for differentiated services in ethernet passive optical networks: ICCS2004, 2004.102-106
[13] Jiajia Chen, Biao Chen, Sailing He. A novel algorithm for intra-ONU bandwidth allocation in Ethernet passive optical networks. Communications Letters, 2005, 9(9): 850-852
[14] Assi C.M., Yinghua Ye, Sudhir Dixit, et al. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for quality-of-service over Ethernet PONs. Selected Areas in Communications, 2003, 21(9): 1467-1477
[15] Ghani N., Shami A., Assi C.,et al. Intra-ONU bandwidth scheduling in Ethernet passive optical networks. Communications Letters, 2004, 8(11): 683-685
[16] Wan-Ki Park, Dae-Young Kim. Convergence of broadcasting and communication in home network using an EPON-based home gateway and overlay, 2005, 51(2):485-493
[17] Zhang Ao, He Yan, Shi Lei. Analysis and solutions of QoS issue in ethernet PON. APOC 2003, 2004,5282(1):309-318
[18] 高鹏, 张继军. FTTH 方案中 EPON 系统多业务承载的实现 .电信科学, 2005,11 (3):16-18
[19] 李志军.基于 EPON 的广电综合业务宽带网的实现. 中国有线电视, 2005,13(4): 20-22
[20] Shami A., Xiaofeng Bai, Ghani N., et al. QoS Control Schemes for Two-Stage Ethernet Passive Optical Access Networks. Selected Areas in Communications, 2005, 23(8): 1467-1476
[21] Zheng J., Mouftah H.T..Media access control for Ethernet passive optical networks an overview. Communications Magazine, 2005, 43(2):145-150
[22] Hee-Jung Byun, Ji-Myung Nho, Jong-Tae Lim. Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm in Ethernet passive optical networks. Electronics Letters, 2003, 39(13): 1001-1002
[23] Ma M., Zhu Y., Cheng T.H.. A Systematic Scheme for Multiple Access in Ethernet Passive Optical Access Networks. Lightwave Technology, 2005, 23(11):3671-3682
[24] 张方. 网络通信中的视频编码与传输技术研究:[博士学位论文]. 西安电子科技大学,2004
[25] 张玉清. IP 网上视频流传输的拥塞控制及视频服务器设计:[博士学位论文]. 北京邮电大学,2003
[26] Cavusoglu. B., Schonfeld.D., Ansari.R.. Real-time adaptive forward error correction for MPEG-2 video communications over RTP networks Multimedia and Expo: ICME '03. Proceedings. 2003 International Conference : 2003,4:261
[27] Hyun-Cheol Kim, Kyuheon Kim, Seunghong Min. Design and implementation of streaming system for MPEG-4 based interactive contents over IP networks. Digital and Computational Video, 2002,14(15):100-107
[28] Worrall S.T., Sadka A.H., Sweeney P., et al. Optimal packetisation of MPEG-4 using RTP over mobile networks.Communications,2001,148(4):197-201
[29] 黄家传, 王福豹, 段渭军.MPEG-4 的 RTP 封装技术及其应用. 计算机应用研究, 2005,8(5):16-18
[30] Cavusoglu B., Schonfeld D., Ansari R., et al.Real-time low-complexity adaptive approach for enhanced QoS and error resilience in MPEG-2 video transport over RTP networks. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2005,15(12):1604-1614
[31] 朱凯, 孟相如, 魏伟. 一种 IP 网络多媒体通信系统的设计与实现. 微电子学与计算机, 2005,11(2):31-32
[32] 魏春城. 流媒体服务器中关键技术的研究 : [博士学位论文]. 北京邮电大学,2002
[33] Brassil J., Schulzrinne H.. Structuring Internet media streams with cueing protocols. Networking, 2002,10(4):466-476
[34] 曾琦, 唐发根, 林广艳.数据驱动的流媒体应用层组播研究与实现.计算机与数字工程, 2005,10(7):25-27
[35] Sisalem. D., Wolisz, A.. Towards TCP-friendly adaptive multimedia applications based on RTP Computers and Communications: Proceedings: IEEE International Symposium on, 1999.166-172
[36] Vieron. J., Guillemot, C.. Real-time constrained TCP-compatible rate control for video over the Internet. Multimedia, 2004, 6(4):634-646
[37] H. Schulzrinne,S. Casner,R. Frederick.RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications,Request for Comments,1889,1996
[38] 张会兵, 周德新.RTP 在嵌入式语音网关中的应用与实现,计算机与现代化 , 2005,11(5):24-26
[39] 于溯, 盛彦瑾, 黄凯,et al. RTP 自适应传输控制算法的研究. 计算机工程与科学, 2005,11(3):31-33
[40] H. Schulzrinne. RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control,Request for Comments: 1890,
[41] 李燕灵, 马瑞芳, 左力. 基于 RTP/RTCP 的实时视频数据传输模型及实现.微电子学与计算机, 2005,8(7):7-10
[42] 潘鹏, 杜旭, 叶婷等. RTP/RTCP 实时传输协议的研究与 Linux 实现. 计算机工程与应用, 2005,20(6):16-17
[43] 熊红凯. 实时视频传输中基于 QoS 的资源分配技术:[博士学位论文]. 上海交通大学,2003
[44] Xue Chen, Meihong Yu, Yang Zhang, et al. A novel upstream dynamic bandwidth assignment scheme for Ethernet PONs. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2003,1:748-750
[45] 许先斌, 余韦. 多媒体组播中的 RTP 包丢失恢复方案. 计算机工程与应用, 2005, 23 (3):26-28