基于GIS的河流动力学模型及风险图制作应用研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术的迅速发展及人们对流体运动基本理论的进一步认识,河流动力学数学模型在科学研究、工程设计、环境和生态影响评估等相关领域得到广泛的应用。
本文在传统的河流动力学数学模型的基础上,构造适应复杂边界条件的方程离散格式和数值方法,考虑了非均匀沙沉速、床沙级配调整及横向冲刷坍塌变形等关键因素,针对科研、生产及学科发展的现实和未来需求,耦合了基于GIS的前后处理系统。
对于FVM方法从空气动力学移植到浅水流动的模拟后,由于采用“平底”的近似计算在水深梯度大的地方所产生的虚假流动,本文采用三点高斯积分法来计算各边的平均法向通量,避免了由水压力与底坡项不平衡所导致的动量不守恒问题,不但避免了由于大的水深梯度所产生的虚拟流动现象,也真实反应了状态向量在控制体内的分布。
对于生成计算域地形边界条件所需的重要数据源-地形大断面,本文采用道格拉斯-普克数据抽稀算法提取断面特征节点,根据断面节点的干湿属性识别主槽和嫩滩分界点,根据生产堤和控导工程特征识别出嫩滩和老滩分界点,使得精确快速生成大断面标志性数据成为可能。
河流动力学数学模型的可视化是以大量的区域空间信息为基础的,GIS的发展为数学模型可视化提供了强大的技术支撑。本文利用ArcGIS软件及GIS的二次开发接口,实现了模型与GIS的高效集成,设计和开发出基于GIS的前后处理系统,在地形高程的生成精度、信息查询速度和可视化程度方面有了明显提高。
将经过验证的模型系统应用于东平湖蓄滞洪区风险图制作,对整个湖区进行了水动力学数值模拟计算。针对50年一遇、100年一遇、1000年一遇不同频率洪水,根据蓄滞洪区相应的调度预案,仿真模拟了洪水的演进路线、到达时间及淹没水深,预测了东平湖区各处在遭受超标准洪水时的危险程度。
With the development of information technology and fundamental fluid theory, hydrodynamic mathematical model has become even more important in different areas including scientific research, engineering design, environment and ecology impaction assessment.
Based on traditional hydrodynamic model, the paper constructed the methodology scheme and method to suit for the complicated boundary, concerned about the non-uniform setting velocity, bedload grain size adjustment and lateral deformation. Aims to meet the future requirement of research and practical cases, the established model is combined with pre-processing and post-processing system based on GIS.
As for the unbalance momentum induced from water pressure non-uniform with river bed slope, the Gauss theory is used to calculate averaged flux of each side, which not only avoids the error flow phenomena for steep water depth gradient, but also shows the distribution of status vectors correctly.
As for the cross-section measured data treatment which guarantee to the correct boundary condition, Douglas-Peucker method is used for deriving the characteristic points to classify the main channel, floodplain and temporary dike effectively.
By using ArcGIS and secondary developing with ArcGIS, the model’s pre-processes and post processes which including digital elevation generation system and flow field visualization system ,not only improve the efficiency but also improve the precision of digital elevation generation, information searching speed and visualization technology obviously.
After the model verification, sets of scenario studies are carried out in the floods risk map of Dongpinghu Lake including different flood probability of occurring once per 50 years, 100 years and 1000 years. The model is applied to justify the flood risk map in terms of the flood proceeding route, flood arrival time, flooding area and flow velocity distribution analysis.
本文在传统的河流动力学数学模型的基础上,构造适应复杂边界条件的方程离散格式和数值方法,考虑了非均匀沙沉速、床沙级配调整及横向冲刷坍塌变形等关键因素,针对科研、生产及学科发展的现实和未来需求,耦合了基于GIS的前后处理系统。
对于FVM方法从空气动力学移植到浅水流动的模拟后,由于采用“平底”的近似计算在水深梯度大的地方所产生的虚假流动,本文采用三点高斯积分法来计算各边的平均法向通量,避免了由水压力与底坡项不平衡所导致的动量不守恒问题,不但避免了由于大的水深梯度所产生的虚拟流动现象,也真实反应了状态向量在控制体内的分布。
对于生成计算域地形边界条件所需的重要数据源-地形大断面,本文采用道格拉斯-普克数据抽稀算法提取断面特征节点,根据断面节点的干湿属性识别主槽和嫩滩分界点,根据生产堤和控导工程特征识别出嫩滩和老滩分界点,使得精确快速生成大断面标志性数据成为可能。
河流动力学数学模型的可视化是以大量的区域空间信息为基础的,GIS的发展为数学模型可视化提供了强大的技术支撑。本文利用ArcGIS软件及GIS的二次开发接口,实现了模型与GIS的高效集成,设计和开发出基于GIS的前后处理系统,在地形高程的生成精度、信息查询速度和可视化程度方面有了明显提高。
将经过验证的模型系统应用于东平湖蓄滞洪区风险图制作,对整个湖区进行了水动力学数值模拟计算。针对50年一遇、100年一遇、1000年一遇不同频率洪水,根据蓄滞洪区相应的调度预案,仿真模拟了洪水的演进路线、到达时间及淹没水深,预测了东平湖区各处在遭受超标准洪水时的危险程度。
With the development of information technology and fundamental fluid theory, hydrodynamic mathematical model has become even more important in different areas including scientific research, engineering design, environment and ecology impaction assessment.
Based on traditional hydrodynamic model, the paper constructed the methodology scheme and method to suit for the complicated boundary, concerned about the non-uniform setting velocity, bedload grain size adjustment and lateral deformation. Aims to meet the future requirement of research and practical cases, the established model is combined with pre-processing and post-processing system based on GIS.
As for the unbalance momentum induced from water pressure non-uniform with river bed slope, the Gauss theory is used to calculate averaged flux of each side, which not only avoids the error flow phenomena for steep water depth gradient, but also shows the distribution of status vectors correctly.
As for the cross-section measured data treatment which guarantee to the correct boundary condition, Douglas-Peucker method is used for deriving the characteristic points to classify the main channel, floodplain and temporary dike effectively.
By using ArcGIS and secondary developing with ArcGIS, the model’s pre-processes and post processes which including digital elevation generation system and flow field visualization system ,not only improve the efficiency but also improve the precision of digital elevation generation, information searching speed and visualization technology obviously.
After the model verification, sets of scenario studies are carried out in the floods risk map of Dongpinghu Lake including different flood probability of occurring once per 50 years, 100 years and 1000 years. The model is applied to justify the flood risk map in terms of the flood proceeding route, flood arrival time, flooding area and flow velocity distribution analysis.
引文
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